Potting method: water.

Watering is one of the most important and commonly used measures in the management of stump bonsai. Stump is planted in a pot, whether it is deep or shallow, the soil is always limited and the water content is limited. If you don't water for a long time, the stump will wither due to lack of water, so you should observe it in time, water it according to its soil dryness and wetness, and keep the soil moisture. Of course, watering should not be excessive. If you water too much, the pot soil will be too wet for a long time, which will easily lead to hypoxia and rot of the root system. At the same time, the amount of watering depends on different specific tree species, seasonal changes and cold weather. Generally speaking, in summer or drought, it is best to water it once in the morning and evening, once every day or every other day in spring and autumn, and once in the morning and evening when the stump germinates in spring. In rainy season or rainy day, you don't need to water, but also pay attention to drainage. Sandy soil can be watered more and cohesive soil less. Water can be sprayed on the leaves or poured on the roots. Generally the two are combined. Spray water on the leaves first, and then thoroughly irrigate the roots. Be careful not to water them? Half water? It causes the phenomenon that the basin surface is wet and the basin is dry, and it is not advisable to spray too much water on the leaves, which is easy to cause the branches and leaves to grow white.

Fertilize soil or land

The soil in the stump bonsai basin is limited, so the nutrients are limited, so we should pay attention to the supplement of fertilizer. Because of its artistic characteristics, stump bonsai should not be fertilized too much and too frequently. It is necessary to master the contents and types of fertilization and grasp the fertilization season. The three elements of plant growth nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer can promote the growth of branches and leaves of stumps; Phosphate fertilizer can promote the formation of flowers and fruits; Potassium fertilizer can promote the growth of stems and roots, so the choice of fertilizer should be based on the type of stump and its growth trend.

To make the stump flourish, you can apply more nitrogen fertilizer; If the stump needs more flowers and fruits, the content of phosphate fertilizer can be increased; Strong roots are needed, and more potassium fertilizer can be applied when it is developed. Fertilization methods are generally divided into delayed fertilization and rapid fertilization. Generally speaking, slow-release fertilization is to mix organic fertilizer into the soil according to a certain proportion after crushing and decomposing, and mix it into the basin when changing the soil to make it provide nutrients slowly; Quick-acting fertilization is to dilute organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer, and apply fertilizer according to the seasonal growth needs of stumps, but be careful not to be too thick. Newly planted stumps are not suitable for fertilization in this way. Fertilization in rainy days will lead to the loss of fertilizer efficiency and the effect is not good.

Prevention and control of pests and diseases in bonsai cultivation: diseases appear on branches, such as phloem and cambium rot, stem rot and ulcer, surface rot, stem rot and spots on branches. Usually spray bordeaux mixture to scrape off the rotten part.

Leaf diseases: Leaf diseases usually have yellow-brown or black spots, curved leaves, withered leaves, early defoliation and other symptoms, which may be yellowing disease, leaf spot disease, soot disease, powdery mildew and so on. Can remove leaf spot and spray Bordeaux solution; Yellowing disease can be sprayed on leaves with 0. 1 ~ 0.2 ferrous sulfate solution; Powdery mildew can be sprayed with sulfur mixture with Baume degree of 0.3 ~ 0.5.

Root disease: the root of the stump bonsai is aging, which is easy to produce root rot or nodule disease caused by various bacteria and fungi. Attention should be paid to the disinfection of basin soil and the control of watering amount.

Control of scale insects: There are many kinds of harm of scale insects. It is a pest that sucks juice from tree stumps. After the stump is damaged by it, it is easy to cause soot disease, such as poor growth, withered branches and leaves, premature defoliation and so on. The prevention and control method is to use 40% dimethoate EC 1000 ~ 150 times solution or 80% dichlorvos 1000 ~ 1500 times solution in addition to manual brushing.

Control of Starscream: Starscream harms leaves by sucking their sap. After pests, leaves will appear gray spots, which will lead to yellowing and shedding. The control method is to use 40% dimethoate emulsion 1500 ~ 200 times solution or 50% sulfinate wettable powder 1500 ~ 200 times solution for spray killing.

Aphid control: There are many kinds of aphids, which are harmful to people. The leaves of the damaged stump are generally curled and drooping, and when it is serious, the leaves are dirty, dry and fall off. Prevention and control methods: Generally, spray 40% dimethoate with 2000~300O times water solution once a week. Or spray with 2.5% 800 ~ 1200 water solution of derris.

Change potted plants

Indoor potted plants are affected by insufficient sunshine, insufficient humidity, small air flow and excessive dust. Especially some precious and famous flowers, such as yellow leaves, dead branches or rotten roots, are hard to raise. Therefore, indoor locations should be changed frequently, preferably every 5-7 days 1 time. When changing the location of potted plants in winter, we should pay attention to cold protection. Generally, at noon on a sunny day, the replaced potted plants cannot be frozen.

Matters needing attention in potted plant cultivation: potted plants that like indoor dryness should be placed in a well-ventilated place, and when the sun is shining at noon in winter, windows should be opened appropriately to make the air circulate. It seldom opens or doesn't open on snowy days. At the same time of indoor sanitation, we should always spray water on the leaves to remove the dust on them, so as to facilitate the breathing of plants. Residual flowers and dead branches should also be cut off in time.

The origin of bonsai bonsai originated in China. 1972 The east wall of Zhang Huai's tomb (built in 706), a prince of the Tang Dynasty, excavated in Ganling, Shaanxi Province, is painted with a mural of a maid holding a bonsai, which is the earliest bonsai record in the world so far. Bonsai in Song Dynasty has developed to a higher level. At that time, famous scholars such as Wang, Lu You and Su Dongpo described and praised bonsai in detail. In the Yuan Dynasty, the eminent monks made small bonsai on land, which was natural. Some scenery? . Bonsai was more prosperous in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and many works about bonsai have been published. ? Bonsai? This word was first seen in the book Aftershock of Examination written by Tu Long in Ming Dynasty. Since 1950s, bonsai production has gained great popularity in public gardens, nurseries and folk families, and bonsai associations have been established, and bonsai gardens and bonsai art exhibitions are often held.

Japanese stump bonsai was introduced from China, and it is called? Potted plants? . It has appeared in14th century paintings. 1909, Japanese potted plants were introduced to the west through an exhibition in London. Popular in Europe and America after World War II? Bonsai? . At present, there are national and local associations in the United States, Britain, the Federal Republic of Germany, Australia and Japan. 1980, the first world bonsai conference was held in osaka, Japan, and the world bonsai exhibition was held at the same time.

The latest five schools of bonsai are Lingnan School, Sichuan School, Yang School, Su School and Shanghai School. Other schools: Huizhou, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangxi, Beijing, Hongkong, Taiwan Province and Lu Xin.

There are tree bonsai and landscape bonsai, which were formed as early as the Song Dynasty. With the continuous innovation of bonsai art and the increasing richness of bonsai materials, new types of bonsai in China have gradually emerged. Can be divided into the following seven categories:

The first category, tree bonsai: taking trees as the main material and rocks, figures, birds and animals as the foil, through climbing, pruning, shaping and other technical treatments and horticultural cultivation, the wild giant trees or lush forest scenes are displayed in the basin, which is collectively called tree bonsai. Because the materials of tree bonsai are often excavated from Shan Ye, it is also called stump bonsai.

The second category, landscape bonsai: taking all kinds of rocks as the theme materials and taking the natural landscape as the model. After careful selection, cutting, carving and splicing, they are arranged in shallow pots, showing various landscape scenes such as cliffs, dangerous peaks and canyons, green hills and streams, which are collectively called landscape bonsai, also known as rock bonsai.

The third category, flood and drought bonsai: flood and drought bonsai is a landscape bonsai with plants, rocks, soil, water and accessories as the main materials. Through processing and layout, rocks are used to separate water and soil, and natural water, dry land, trees and rocks are expressed in a shallow basin.

The fourth category, flower bonsai: flower bonsai is called flower bonsai, which takes flowers or woody flowers as the main materials, and after some modification and processing, it is properly matched with rocks and accessories to show the beautiful scenery of flowers in the basin.

The fifth category, miniature bonsai: Generally, the height of tree bonsai is below 10 cm, and the length of landscape and flood bonsai pots is not more than 10 cm, which is called miniature bonsai.

The sixth category, hanging bonsai: hanging bonsai is an innovative form that combines ordinary bonsai with shell carving, hanging screen and other handicrafts. Wall-hung bonsai can be divided into two categories: one is called landscape wall-hung bonsai, which is dominated by rocks; There is also a kind of bonsai with flowers and trees as the main body, which is called bonsai with flowers and trees hanging on the wall.