The Ottoman Empire has a vast territory and many nationalities, so it is far from enough for the provincial garrison to undertake the local defense task of maintaining order and guarding the border. In order to meet the military needs, it is necessary to establish a militia system among the local people, that is, Jarbint (meaning "road guard") guard.
The vassal armies of the vassal States played an irreplaceable role in the conquest of Hostains and Turkey, and their importance exceeded people's usual imagination: from the second half of14th century to the beginning of15th century, they even constituted the main force of the Ottoman army. In most conquered areas, the Ottomans' local control was limited to the central towns, and after the feudal lords in rural areas handed over the suzerainty to the new owners, everything remained the same. It was not until the middle of15th century that the Turks forcibly established direct and effective administrative and military rule in the southern Balkans, because after the Ottoman Empire conquered Constantinople, there was no worries and there was no need to continue to appease them. The local Christian princes rebelled repeatedly in the face of the European crusade, which also made Sudan untrustworthy. Many children of feudal princes served in the Mutfirika cavalry regiment in Istanbul, which also absorbed the descendants of Turkish nobles and was the establishment of Kapikulu troops. Muteflika lives on a salary, wears a uniform, is educated by orthodox Islamic courts, and plays a hostage role when serving.
Wallachia, Transylvania and Moldavia are the three most important Christian vassals of the Ottoman Empire. Besides the troops of the local feudal princes, the nomadic people of Frazzi in Wallachia are also an important force among the Balkan vassal states. Although they have no fixed place to live and wander around, they also bear the obligation of princes and provide infantry and cavalry.
The extension of East Moldavia borders the Crimean khanate. For more than 300 years, Crimean Tatars have been loyal allies and vassals of Ottoman Turkey, and unarmed Tatar Qingqi archers are very competent to harass the enemy and explore. The Crimean khanate is quite poor, so it is full of longing for war, plunder and booty. If necessary, all male members of the Tatar tribe will flock, although many people can't afford horses. The professional soldier of Tatar is called Ougulan, a small number, who serves as the guard of the noble military commander of Mirza. In addition, there are 20 infantry squads on horseback in Crimea Khan, all equipped with muskets and recruited from villages directly under the royal family. The Tatar's bow and arrow are quite powerful. /kloc-before the 0 th/8 th century, its range and hit rate were even higher than muskets, and its lethality was not inferior. Especially for the intensive infantry team, the guerrilla tactics and bows and arrows of Tatar shooters were extremely threatening.
On the open Russian prairie, Tatars gather by water plants, often harassing and plundering their neighbors Cossacks, robbing their women and children and selling them as slaves. Cossacks occasionally fight for Sudan. Unlike the Tatars who migrated by light two-wheeled carriage, their carriage has four wheels, which are big and heavy, and can be connected end to end to form a cart array, protected by matchlock guns and light artillery. On the water, the technology of Cossacks is not inferior, and the rivers in Ukraine are dominated by Cossack canoes.
The Kurds in the eastern part of Anatolia Plateau are the autonomous vassals closest to the heart of the empire. They first formed an alliance with the Safavid dynasty in Persia and fought against Ottoman Turkey. However, after Sherim I led the army to defeat Ismail in the Battle of Kaldylan (15 14), the elders of Kurdish tribes turned to the Ottoman Empire. Later, the empire set up a special Hukumet Sanjak here, managed by the hereditary Bey, and the Yeniseri army was stationed in the central town. Kurds are brave and tenacious. Usually they are nomadic. When Sudan calls a meeting, they will go out with Yeni to undertake important tasks. For example, during an expedition in 1596, the Kurdish cavalry in Baalbeck (located in present-day eastern Turkey, the capital of the Kurdish region) was the rear of the Ottoman army.
Other subordinate autonomous regimes in the Middle East include Lebanese maroni Christians and Druze Muslims, while Mamluk Egypt and Iraq, Arabian Gulf Coast and Eritrea are semi-autonomous. In the central towns of these places, Yeni Seri military camp is stationed, which shows the sovereignty of the Ottoman government. In addition to military services, the natural resources of these client countries also played an extremely important role in the Ottoman Turkish Empire. For example, Moldavia, Transylvania and Wallachia provide wood, muskets, war horses, tin and ropes; Kurdistan, Iraq and Lebanon provided asphalt, sulfur and nitrate. The main forces of the Ottoman army are the Turkish New Army, Sipahi, Aijians and military bands. The Ottoman army was the most advanced actual combat army in the world at that time, and it was the first army to use muskets and cannons. During the siege of Constantinople, the Ottomans began to use Falcon, a short and wide cannon. High-speed and high-mobility light cavalry used bows and arrows and short swords to ride on Turkmen horses and Arabian horses to fight, without heavy armor. Strong and disciplined heavy cavalry all wear heavy armor and launch a powerful attack on the enemy at the most critical moment.
Its combat mode is similar to that of the Mongolian Empire, such as feinting and retreating, encircling the enemy in a crescent formation and launching a surprise attack. /kloc-After the Great Turkey War in the 0/7th century, the performance of the Ottoman army declined. /kloc-in the 0 th and 8 th centuries, the Ottoman army did not achieve much success in the war against Austria, and was forced back by the Russian army in the north and lost its territory. /kloc-the modernization of the Ottoman empire in the 0 th and 9 th centuries began with the military. 1826, Sultan Mahmud II abolished the new Turkish army and established a modern army, named the new order. The Ottoman army was the first organization to hire foreign experts and send officers to study in Western Europe. Those who are relatively young and have received new training have started the movement of young people after returning to Turkey. The Turkish Air Force was established in June 1909, and it is the first flight combat organization in the world. 1965438+On July 3, 2002, Turkey established the Air Force Academy and began to train pilots and air force officers. The establishment of the Air Force Academy has accelerated the growth of the Air Force and enriched more personnel. 1965438+in may 2003, the air force academy conducted the world's first special reconnaissance training program and established the first reconnaissance department. 1965438+In June 2004, the Naval Aviation Academy was newly established. When World War I broke out, the modernization process came to an abrupt end. The Turkish Air Force took part in the war on the front line, reaching Galicia in the west, Caucasus in the east and Yemen in the south.