Introduction of dual study abroad mode in Germany 1. Introduce the characteristics in combination with production practice.
Strong pertinence. In the form of "dual system" vocational education, professional students spend most of their time training practical skills in enterprises and get the equipment and technology currently used by enterprises. Training is largely carried out in the form of productive labor, which is conducive to the work of trainees after training and has strong pertinence.
Extensive participation
Most enterprises have their own training bases and personnel.
The "dual system" model has strong pertinence and ability, which can fully mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises to run schools and closely combine enterprises with schools, practical skills and theoretical knowledge. This model has played an important role in cultivating high-quality workers and high-quality products in Germany.
Second, advantages Under the dual university education model, enterprises participate in personnel training and achieve a win-win situation for themselves, universities and students. By cooperating with universities, enterprises have won reserve talents for themselves. According to a statistic of Duisburg-Essen University, about 80% of students finally stay in the company that signed up for vocational training. Many students have been able to do their jobs in the later stage of vocational training. You can work immediately after graduation, which saves a long adaptation stage. Being familiar with the environment and culture of the enterprise is conducive to cultivating a sense of belonging to the enterprise.
Under the dual-university curriculum model, students save a lot of time and cost, and get university diplomas and vocational training diplomas within 3~4 years.
Thirdly, curriculum design is a dual curriculum design with professional needs as the core. The design of "dual system" theory course is to choose the course content centered on professional activities. The theory course covers all the theories required by the major, with wide knowledge, moderate depth and strong comprehensiveness, which is conducive to cultivating students' comprehensive analysis and problem-solving ability. All courses are broken down by semester. No matter which semester the course is, it is always from extensive to detailed, from shallow to deep. The choice of courses is comprehensively arranged by industry experts with rich teaching experience, paying more attention to direct professional experience. The graduation project of higher education was jointly put forward by enterprises and university professors, focusing on the practical problems of enterprises and directly turning to Industry-University-Research.
Fourth, the dual system-the secret weapon of German vocational education "dual system" vocational education is the secret weapon of Germany's economic take-off after the war, and ordinary higher education cannot solve it. "Dual system" vocational education has strong pertinence and practicability, which shortens the distance between enterprise employment and school education.
Vocational education in Germany is different from ordinary university education. University education pays attention to theoretical study and is a discipline system, while vocational education is more targeted and pays more attention to students' practical ability. "Dual system" is a vocational education jointly completed by enterprises and corresponding vocational and technical schools.
Have a strict legal basis
The Federation has a perfect vocational education law, which clearly stipulates that students who receive "dual system" vocational education cannot directly enter universities and must obtain licenses. According to the federal vocational education law, there are corresponding laws and regulations according to the economic structure characteristics and specific conditions of each state, and there are clear provisions on vocational education such as the relationship between enterprises and schools, and between enterprises and schools. The federal government has a federal vocational education college, and each state and region also has corresponding institutions, including representatives of enterprises and employees.
Dual system is the most prominent feature.
The so-called "dual system" is the vocational education jointly completed by enterprises and corresponding vocational and technical schools. Its main characteristics are two: first, it can meet the needs of enterprises, how many people are needed for enterprise and economic development, and how many people are trained; The second is skill training, and the exam also pays attention to skills.
The role of trade associations in vocational education
The Federal Vocational Education Law determines the status of the guild, which is an institution based on law, and all enterprises are members of the corresponding guild. "Dual system" vocational education shoulders important responsibilities. At the meeting, the Vocational Education Examination Committee and the Education Committee, which are composed of representatives of enterprises, employees and teachers, are responsible for matters related to vocational examinations and determine the training qualifications of enterprises.
In the "dual system" teaching, students receive education in enterprises and schools respectively. 60%-70% courses such as enterprise production posts, training centers and cross-enterprise training centers; Vocational schools offer 30%-40% courses. In different teaching places, the teaching form and content are different. For example, the legal basis for enterprises to follow is the federal vocational education law, and vocational schools follow the school education laws formulated by various States. The teaching documents implemented by enterprises are vocational training regulations, and the teaching documents of vocational schools are the framework of teaching plans formulated by the state. The teaching content of enterprises is the cultivation of skills and skills-related abilities, and vocational schools are courses of theory and general culture. The textbooks used by enterprises are skill modules compiled by federal vocational education. Vocational schools use basic teaching materials and professional teaching materials, and there is no unified teaching material requirement, but the teaching materials are in line with students' psychological characteristics, enterprise reality and close to professional reality. Enterprise educators are practical teachers, employed by enterprises, have received vocational training, have 2 to 5 years of teaching experience, have studied pedagogy and psychology, and have no criminal record. Teachers in vocational schools must be college graduates, pass the recruitment examination and have no criminal record. In the enterprise, students are apprentices, who sign contracts with the enterprise and are managed by the guild. The enterprise pays the guild a monthly MK fee of 654.38+00,000 yuan. At school, they are students. In enterprises, guilds organize skill examinations; In school, the theoretical examination is managed by the guild. After the expiration of the study period, the enterprise will issue a training certificate to the apprentice, and the mechanic will pass the examination. The school issues a certificate of completion. The study expenses of enterprise students are borne by enterprises, and the school study expenses are paid by the state finance.