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Chapter 1 pVT properties of gases
1. 1 The volumetric expansion coefficient and isothermal compression ratio of a substance are defined as follows.
Try to deduce the relationship between ideal gas and pressure and temperature.
Solution: According to the ideal gas equation
1.5 Two glass bulbs with a volume of V are connected with thin tubes, and the bubbles are sealed with air in a standard state.
Gas. If one of the balls is heated to 100. C, the other ball stays at 0. C, and the connecting tubule is ignored.
Gas volume, try to find the pressure of air in the container.
Solution: From the given conditions, it can be known that (1) the total amount of substances in the system remains unchanged; (2) the pressure maintaining stage of the two balls
Same.
Standard status:
Therefore,
1.9 As shown in the figure, there are hydrogen and nitrogen at the same temperature and pressure on both sides of the container with partition, both of which are
It can be considered as an ideal gas.
(1) When the temperature in the container remains the same, the volume of the partition itself can be ignored if the partition is removed.
attempt
Find the pressure of the mixture of two gases.
(2) Are the molar volumes of 2)H2 and N2 the same before and after partition extraction?
(3) After the separator is pulled out, the partial pressure ratio and volume of H2 and N2 in the mixed gas are zero respectively.
Fuck?
Solution: (1) after isothermal mixing
That is, mixing under the above conditions, considering the pressure of the system.
(2) How to define the molar volume of a component in a mixed gas?
(3) According to the definition of fractional volume
For partial pressure
There is atmosphere in the autoclave, room temperature 1. 1. In order to ensure the safety during the experiment, the same temperature is adopted.
The steps are as follows: introducing nitrogen into the kettle until the pressure is four times that of air, and then putting the kettle into the kettle.
Exhaust the mixed gas until the normal pressure is restored. Repeat three times. Find the gas in the kettle when it is finally discharged to normal pressure.
Molar fraction of oxygen.
Solution: Analysis: The molar fraction of mixed gas is different after each nitrogen injection until the exhaust gas returns to normal pressure P.
Change.
Let's assume that the mole fraction of oxygen in the system is before the first nitrogen filling, and after the nitrogen filling, the system
So, the mole fraction of oxygen is. repeat
In the above process, after the nth nitrogen filling, the molar fraction of the system is
therefore
1. 13 N2 gas with 0. C and today's 40.530 kPa, the ideal gas state equation and Van der Waals equation are used respectively.
Equation to calculate its molar volume. The experimental value is.
Solution: Use the ideal gas state equation to calculate.
,, calculated by van der Waals, look-up table shows that for N2 gas (Appendix 7)
The solution of the equation is obtained by using the fzero function of MatLab.
You can also use direct iteration to get the initial value.
Iterate ten times.
Wet acetylene gas is saturated with water vapor at 1. 16 25. C (that is, the partial pressure of water vapor in the mixed gas is
The total pressure of water at the same temperature is 138.7 kPa, and it is cooled to 10. At a constant total pressure.
Condense some water vapor into water. Try to find out what makes water condense per mole of dry acetylene gas during cooling.
Quantity. As we all know, the saturated vapor pressure of water at 25℃. C and 10. C is 3. 17 kPa and 1.23 kPa respectively.
Solution: The process is shown in the figure below.
Assuming that the system is an ideal gas mixture,
rule
1. 17 A closed rigid container is filled with air and a little water. But the container is very big, with 300 k.
At equilibrium, the pressure in the container is 10 1.325 kPa. If the container is moved to 373. 15 K boiling water, try
When the pressure reaches a new equilibrium, find the pressure in the container. Let there always be water in the container, and the water can be ignored.
What is volume change? The saturated vapor pressure of water at 300 K is 3.567 kPa.
Solution: Considering the gas phase as an ideal gas, the partial pressure of air at 300 K is
Because the volume is constant (ignoring any volume change of water), the air fraction is 373.38+05 K.
urge
Because there is always water in the container, the saturated vapor pressure of water at 373. 15 K is
10 1.325 kPa, and the partial pressure of water vapor in the system is 10 1.325 kPa, so the total pressure of the system.