There are five main factors that affect the comfort of footwear products: last design, pattern design, sole design, material selection and process design. First, the influence of last design on the comfort of shoes. Last design is based on the data of various parts of the foot, and from the perspective of footwear design, it belongs to the first place. The design of shoe last directly affects the beauty and comfort of finished shoes. 1. The foot has four arches, namely, the front and rear transverse arches, and the inner and outer longitudinal arches. During the movement of the foot, the four bows act as springs to slow down the ground recoil. When designing a shoe last, if the protrusion of the forefoot is too large, long-term wearing of shoes made of this shoe last will cause the ligament of the anterior transverse arch to be damaged, lose its elasticity, and make it sink, and then cause the posterior transverse arch and the internal longitudinal arch to collapse, forming flat feet. Flat feet are easy to make patients tired and painful during long-term exercise and standing. When designing the crown of the forefoot, we should design the front and rear stilts according to people's feet. Foretoe, based on natural toes, is generally controlled at 15- 18 for adults. If it is too high, the forefoot is too big. The higher the back swing, the smaller the crown of the forefoot and the smaller the forefoot, so as to ensure the landing area of the forefoot and prevent the wearer from spraining his ankle. 2. The metatarsophalangeal joint is one of the main parts that bear human weight and labor load, and it is also the key part of bending when walking. Whether the size of plantar circumference and the physical arrangement of shoe last are reasonable or not will affect the wearing comfort and service life of shoes. The metatarsal circumference is large, and it is also unfavorable for the feet to move in the shoes. The height of the last stilt is generally 20-40, which is more suitable. Second, the pattern design is a link to transform the design into the real thing based on the foot shape law, lower limb physiological structure and motor function, materials and technology. Through sample design, the design can smoothly transition to the product processing stage, thus producing products that meet the design. 1. When designing full-top shoes, the length of the front of the shoes-the control point of the entrance position should be controlled on the last surface, because when the human body squats or the feet bend, the bending point on the foot boat will become thicker. Generally, the length of the front should not exceed the position of the door, which is beneficial to the movement of the feet and prevents the tongue or ear from rubbing and knocking. 2. For shoes with short front upper, heel design should be added to the middle waist and rear upper, such as strap or small bag heel and ankle strap design. So that the wearer can walk effortlessly. Often used in the design of women's sandals. The narrow strip in front or the short front side can't lift your feet when walking, and it's hard to drag your heels. At this time, the heel design should be added at the back. 3. In addition to the high waist and boots, the height of the middle seam of the upper should be controlled in the shoes with short sides. Especially leather shoes, leather shoes have a main heel, and the high heel causes the foot to be stuck. It's too low for their shoes to keep up with their feet. Its height should be controlled above the upper edge point of heel bone, and the range should not be too large. The reasonable size should be set according to experience and technological methods. 4. In the general design of low-heeled shoes, the height of the lateral ankle should be controlled when the heel curve is outlined. The theoretical basis is the height of the medial and lateral ankle bones of the foot. The height of the lower edge of the ankle center is obtained according to the law of foot shape. Can only be lower than this value, not higher than this value. Otherwise, it will jam the ankle and damage the skin of the foot. And pay attention to the different heights of the inner and outer ankles, the inner ankle is higher than the outer ankle, and the inner chest can be considered to be 2-3mm higher than the outer chest when designing. 5. The position control of the entrance door is located in the bending part of the instep movement. Because the design of the entrance door is deep and narrow, it is easy to tear the vamp and inconvenient to put on and take off. 6. If the control point of the little toe is broken or the sandal strap is designed at the end of the little toe, if it is not properly controlled, the little toe will have problems such as collision and exposure. It is common that some ladies' little toes come out from the gap in the sandal strap, and the little toes are vulnerable to trauma and uncomfortable to walk. 7. Heel control points generally control the positions of the columns on both sides of the sandal heel to improve the bearing capacity of the upper to the heel. Thirdly, the influence of negative design on comfort. The negative design includes the design of sole, heel, main heel, inner head and insole. 1. The design of the sole should not be too heavy. Shoes worn in winter have a slightly thicker sole to isolate the cold air on the ground and keep the normal temperature of the feet. Too thick, make the foot feel bad, easy to make the center of gravity biased, sprained foot. The design of bottom pattern affects the anti-skid performance of finished shoes. The bottom pattern design should be able to resist horizontal and vertical sliding. The anti-skid effect is good, the friction between the sole and the ground increases when walking, and people can walk easily with the help of the ground reaction force. On the contrary, it is difficult for people to walk and it is easy to hurt their feet and bodies. Special structural design can effectively change the air in shoes during exercise and improve comfort. 2. Well-designed heels can make the weight of human body more reasonably distributed on the support points of various parts of the foot, enhance the stability of human body and improve the elasticity of arch. The height, size and shape of heel affect the comfort of finished shoes. The height of the heel depends on the height of the last stilt, so we should pay attention to the coordination of the two when designing or choosing. The lower edge of calcaneus is the main stress point of the center of gravity of human body, which is in the heel center at the bottom of human foot. Therefore, the heel seat surface, heel column and heel surface must penetrate and contain the vertical force between the lower edge of the calcaneus and the ground. The size of the heel seat surface affects the assembly fastness of the heel. The heel seat surface is large, and the contact area with the heel of the sole is large, so it is not easy to shake when wearing; The size of the heel affects the floor area and plays a role in stabilizing the center of gravity. The heel shape with a small width at the bottom makes it difficult for people to master balance during exercise; The heel shape with width but no thickness looks slim and elegant on the outside. If it fits the position *, it is easy to make the heel lean backwards when walking, which makes people feel forward. 3. When designing the inner head, its length should not exceed the bending part of the foot, otherwise the bending of the foot is limited, and there is a hidden danger of sticking and grinding the foot. 4. Due to the physiological function of the foot, the distribution of sweat glands in the human foot is unbalanced. The density of foot center and metatarsophalangeal joint is the highest, while the density of heel and instep is lower. Therefore, we should pay attention to the design of the insole, and the insole and lining of the forefoot should be breathable and sweat-absorbent. Insole design increases softness and breathability. For the insole of sports shoes, the midsole design is added, and elastic materials are used to reduce the impact between the foot and the ground. Fourthly, the influence of material selection on comfort. The choice of shoe materials is not only the appearance, but also the hygienic performance of shoes to a great extent. Whether the shoes are comfortable or not is related to the microclimate in the shoes. Natural grain leather and cotton textiles in upper materials have excellent sanitary performance. Because the material has good air permeability, moisture permeability and hygroscopicity, it is necessary not to stuffy feet or cover feet. At present, all kinds of synthetic leather and artificial leather developed in China are far less hygienic than natural leather, so we should choose suitable materials according to the style, wearing conditions and environment in design to improve the comfort of shoes. Although reconstructed upper leather and two-layer leather belong to real leather shoes, their surfaces are covered with colored ornaments, and the pores of natural leather are blocked, so their air permeability and moisture permeability are greatly reduced. The textile material of the upper should be breathable, hygroscopic, light, soft, sterilization, deodorization and other materials with good hygiene and comfort. Excellent vamp materials should be used with lining, insole, inner bag head, adhesive and other materials to give full play to its superior performance. Rico is the closest part to the foot, receiving steam and sweat from the foot. If Rico itself does not have the function of air permeability and moisture absorption, the hygienic performance of the fabric will not be exerted. High-quality insole materials for shoes should be moisture-absorbing, breathable, with good dimensional stability, flexibility and so on. To meet the use requirements and provide a comfortable bottom environment for the feet. The performance of sole material greatly affects the comfort when wearing. Choose according to the occasion and purpose of wearing shoes. For ordinary shoes, the designed soles should be light in weight and moderate in hardness. The hardness is too low, there is no rigidity, and the foot is easy to strain; Too high, you can't bend your feet when you walk. Both cases are easy to cause foot fatigue. V. Influence of production technology on the comfort of finished shoes The influence of production technology on finished shoes, that is, the influence of improper or inadequate process operation on finished shoes. Improper or insufficient process operation will affect the appearance, wearing life and wearing comfort of shoes.
The following aspects will affect the comfort of finished shoes: 1. Because the joint of the parts is too thick, the edge of the workpiece is not well done in the process operation, resulting in edge grinding; The rear edges of the main heel and the inner toe cap are not smooth and inclined, but have hard edges, which cause foot rubbing. 2. The interlining and Lippi didn't flatten to form folds in the side pulling process, which would seriously affect the comfort. 3. The surface and lining are not well bonded, which reduces the activity space of the feet and makes the instep feel oppressive, especially the thick lining. 4. The insole should have a certain friction with the sole of the foot, so that the foot will not slip in the shoe cavity. 5. Hook is the backbone of shoes, which plays the role of keeping the bottom radian and stabilizing the heel. It is especially important for high heels. The hook should be installed on the heel line. If the angle is wrong, it will lead to unstable feet when wearing shoes. 6. Control the height of the heel counter and the back seam. Because of this size control, on the basis of reasonable design of shoe last and upper, it is the last pass to ensure that the upper is not stuck or worn. 7. The position when assembling the heel is very important, especially for women's shoes with small heels. Must be installed in the center of the heel stress position, correctly loaded and installed, to prevent heel shake dislocation from causing harm to feet and human body. The comfort of shoes is also related to the way you wear them. Whether to use insoles, whether to dry them regularly, and changing shoes are related to the hygienic performance of socks. In short, high-quality shoes should not only have extraordinary appearance design, but also improve the factors that affect the comfort of shoes and boots, so that shoes and boots meet the physiological and psychological needs of consumers.