1909 Liang wrote to the imperial court three times in 19 10, urging him to make up his mind to build Huludao port as soon as possible. With the approval of the emperor, Huang, director of Fengtian Road, was appointed as the general port opening office of Huludao Port on 19 10, and was employed as an engineer. 10 Construction started, and the first port construction was carried out. Due to the outbreak of 19 1 1 Xinhai Revolution, the project construction was intermittent due to lack of funds. In more than a year, the 7.5-mile Lianshan-Huludao railway was completed, the seawall was repaired by 400 feet, and some buildings such as offices and sheds were built. After the founding of the Republic of China, in 19 15, many people proposed to Xu Shichang (then Secretary of State of Beiyang Government) to lease Huludao Port to overseas Chinese. 19 16 Chen Shinan, manager of Tongyu Railway Company, also requested the northeast authorities to build Huludao Port. At the same time, the Beijing government has repeatedly discussed the issue of continuing to build ports, but it has not been implemented in the end. 19 19, Sun Yat-sen published the famous "Industrial Plan" in the June issue of Far East Times, holding that Huludao ranked first among the nine third-class ports, and put forward the idea of building Huludao Port. In the autumn of the same year, European and American capitalists repeatedly expressed their willingness to invest in Huludao Port. In order to prevent foreign investment, the Ministry of Communications of Beijing government proposed to co-organize with the visiting ambassador of three northeastern provinces, and finally reached an agreement. 1920, Zhou was appointed as the commercial port governor of Huludao for the second port construction. Since March 1 year, engineering and general affairs departments have been set up one after another, and technicians, translators and consultants have been hired. The local police have been stationed to maintain law and order, the procedures are complete, the personnel funds are in place, and the port construction is about to start. Unexpectedly, the Zhifu War broke out and the project could not be carried out. The Ministry of Communications withdrew from the joint organization and handed over the property, documents and drawings to Fengtian, and the port construction was interrupted again. The construction of Huludao Port is full of twists and turns, which makes people feel uncomfortable.
1928 Zhang Xueliang began to take charge of the Northeast. At that time, there were Soviet Russia in the north and Japan in the south for a long time. The commodity market in Northeast China has long been carved up by Japan and Russia. Japan controls the "Nanman Railway" from Changchun to Dalian, comprehensively manages Dalian Port, and governs Nanman area. However, Russia controlled the Middle East railway, strengthened the port construction in Vladivostok, and ruled the northern Manchuria region. The three northeastern provinces and Jehol Province are rich in products and forests and mines. According to the statistics of 1930, the four provinces "have 2 1 10,000 tons of agricultural products, 4.35 million tons of forest products, 8.36 million tons of minerals and 240,000 tons of livestock products." The volume of goods in and out is huge. Its passage is either east to Vladivostok, south to Dalian, or north to Zhongdong Road to Siberia Railway, and from Beining Road to Ping Jin, all of which are very small, thus causing the overflow of rights. The annual income of South Manchuria Railway Company in Japan is about 230 million yuan, of which 1. 1 100 million is mostly railway income. The reason why the income is so huge is that Dalian Port has processed and absorbed it. The self-taught railways in Northeast China, such as Sitao, Jichang and Jidun, are nominally used by me, but in fact they are the nourishing lines or extension lines of foreigners' railways. The main reason for this situation is the port with no throughput. "Build Huludao Port as soon as possible, open it as a commercial port, ... put an end to the monopoly of Russia and Japan, especially Japan", "If you get this port, the overall situation will be prosperous, and if you lose this port, you will run aground", "The opening strategy of Huludao Port is particularly important" and "it will really affect the overall lifeline of the three northeastern provinces." At the beginning of Zhang Xueliang's administration in Northeast China, he put forward the call for new construction in Northeast China, and one of the major events to be done was to start building a port in Huludao.
As early as March 1927, Zhang Xueliang sent people to measure the coastline. 1March, 929, Zhang Xueliang personally inspected Huludao Port. In the autumn of the same year, Sun Ke, Minister of Railways of the National Government, inspected Beining Railway and held talks with Zhang Xueliang in Shenyang. Zhang Xueliang's proposal to build a port was warmly supported by Sun Ke. After many consultations between the central government and the northeast, it was decided to spend money from the surplus of Beining Railway Bureau, and set up a port office under the bureau, with Gao Jiyi, director of the bureau, in charge of port construction.
193065438+1On October 24th, Gao Jiyi and Topsch, the general representative of Dutch Harbor Management Company, signed the Huludao Harbor Construction Contract in Tianjin, stipulating that the total cost of the harbor construction project was 6.4 million US dollars. The contractor shall correctly carry out the work according to the working procedures attached to the contract, and the Beining Railway Bureau (hereinafter referred to as the Administration) shall pay in installments at the end of each month, amounting to USD 95,000; The Administration will deduct 5% from the monthly payment as a special guarantee for the performance of the contract and pay it to the contractor when the project is completed and the warranty period expires; The whole project duration is 5 years and 6 months, limited to 24 years of the Republic of China, namely 1935, 10, 15. If the project is delayed for one day, the contractor will pay 100 yuan to the Administration as compensation every day until the completion date. In case of natural and man-made disasters and other delays in the construction period, it can be extended appropriately.
1930 started preparations for the port construction project in early may, and construction machinery was shipped from hong kong and macau. Construction machinery factory, timber factory, small workshop, office space, company employee residence, etc. It has already started, and the workers have begun to cut mountains and transport stones. The specific situation is described as follows: The towering hill in front of Huludao Port is the first Banla Mountain to start construction, which is actually the basic work of port construction. The mountain is made of solid stones, and its plane inclines to the east, with the highest point exceeding 200 feet. At the seaside, it is like a cliff. Workers climb on it, or drill holes with steel cones, or dig stones with shovels, and sometimes fall into the sea.
After various preparations, the port construction has entered the substantive construction stage. In view of the domestic and international situation faced by the third port construction, Zhang Xueliang decided to hold a grand foundation laying ceremony at the port construction site instead of holding the foundation laying ceremony in secret in the previous two port constructions, and finally decided to hold it on July 2. On July 2nd, 1930, the groundbreaking ceremony for the construction of Huludao Port was officially held. Commencement Ceremony Commencement Ceremony Committee is a temporary organization specially set up by Beining Railway Bureau, which is responsible for all matters related to ceremony preparation. In order to ensure that representatives from all walks of life arrived in Huludao safely and on time to attend the groundbreaking ceremony, Beining Railway Bureau arranged two special cars to transport VIPs between Shenyang and Huludao, and rented first-class chartered cars to transport VIPs from Beiping and Tianjin. Lianshan Railway Station, just a stone's throw from Huludao Port, has prepared a high-standard welcoming ceremony. There are two new archways in the station, which are tall and majestic. Four pillars support the top of the archway, and three arched passages are formed between the pillars, with the middle passage slightly wider and the sides slightly narrower. The top of the archway is inlaid with the word "welcome", and the national flag is inserted at the top to fly in the wind. The garrison lined up to play music to welcome guests from all walks of life. There is a temporary airport nearby, with two white planes and a yellow plane parked, ready to attend the groundbreaking ceremony of Huludao.
On July 1 day, Zhang Xueliang arrived in Jinzhou by the new special plane "Portsmouth" from Shenyang, then transferred to Lianshan by train, and transferred to Huludao to preside over the meeting, and arrived safely in Huludao on July 2.
So far, more than 700 guests from all walks of life, plus the navy and army troops attending the ceremony, have more than 1,000 people. Most of the guests were men, but less than 10 were women. Zhang Xueliang's wife, Yu Fengzhi, was not present. After the ceremony, she "took her children to visit Huludao and start the project at 1 1 on the evening of the 9th".
The opening ceremony of Huludao Port Building is located on the left side of Building 1 of Naval Aviation Police School, facing the sea. This building was designed and built by British engineer Hughes and worked here when the port was first built. There is a rostrum in the auditorium, and the portrait of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the national flag of the Republic of China and the Kuomintang party flag are hung in the middle of the rostrum. Congratulations are hung on the walls of the auditorium from all directions. There are 100 chairs in the auditorium. At 2 pm, the guests were seated. Invited Nanjing government officials Wu Tiecheng, Shanghai Mayor Zhang Qun and Tianjin Mayor Cui Tingxian, as well as the directors and general managers of the business and financial circles in North China and Northeast China, Japanese and Soviet consuls in Shenyang, Dutch representatives, Shengjing Times and Ta Kung Pao reporters were seated one after another. Because there are many guests, the auditorium is small and there are few seats, all the guests can't sit down. The left, right and back rows of the audience are full of guests, and some can only stand on tiptoe outside the door.
When Zhang Xueliang came to the meeting, the emcee called the commander and the audience stood up. After Zhang Xueliang was seated, the ceremony began.
There are eight procedures for the commencement ceremony of port construction:
First, play music for the meeting. At this time, five warships parked outside the island saluted. The officers and men on board landed to play music, and three planes flying from Lianshan circled overhead to celebrate.
2. All the guests saluted the national flag party flag, saluted the portrait of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, observed a three-minute silence and read out the will of the Premier.
Third, Gao Jiyi, Chairman of Northeast Transportation Committee, Director of Beining Railway Bureau and Head of Huludao Project in Hong Kong, delivered a long speech at the groundbreaking ceremony.
The fourth item was given by Wu Tiecheng, representative of the Ministry of Railways of the National Government, Zhang Xueliang, commander of the Northeast Border Guard, and Liu Shangqing, representative of the Northeast Government Affairs Committee. Zhang Xueliang's instructions pointed out that the construction of Huludao Port "is a major construction undertaking in terms of the whole country, … it must be completed this time". Huludao Port is not only beneficial to China, but also beneficial to Northeast China, and can actually contribute to the world. ..... I was appointed by the government and entrusted by the people to make every effort to urge the port construction to succeed, and to grant Director Gao full power, diligence and prudence, honesty and self-control, and any dereliction of duty should be brought to justice. "Zhang Xueliang's speech was repeatedly interrupted by applause.
Fifth, the guest delivered a speech. Cui Tingxian, Mayor of Tianjin Special City, Vice Consul of the Soviet Union in Liaoning, Xian Shigong, President of Japan's Manchuria Railway, and other unique words. Cui Tingxian was one of the members who prepared for the first opening of Huludao Port 20 years ago. He personally built the port twice and told the guests about those years. He introduced the efforts made by Xu Shichang, Xiliang, Zhao Erxun and Zhang Xiluan, the four governors of the three northeastern provinces, especially Zhang Duguan, who encouraged him to devote himself to port opening. It was not until the first year of the Republic of China that he felt really hopeless that he left. However, I still can't forget this heart. It is said that Hong Kong will be opened for some time. Anyway, I'll come and see it as soon as possible. I am sure that the ceremony will be successful. " The speech was very touching and won a lot of applause.
Sixth, the unveiling of the monument and the groundbreaking ceremony of mountain bombing will be held outdoors. After the indoor ceremony, Zhang Xueliang and representatives of all parties who attended the groundbreaking ceremony came outside Building 1 to unveil the monument and start the blasting ceremony. The monument is a long flat body, with the shoulders cut from marble and the whole body is pure white. It is made by Feng Imitation Stone Company and stands on a rectangular base. The height of the monument is 1.8 meters. This monument is being erected in the harbor. On the front, the octahedral characters of the official script are engraved: "Huludao port is built to commemorate", and on the back, the inscription of Wei is engraved, which was written by Zhang Xueliang personally. The front of the monument is engraved with "Republic of China/KLOC-0, Hitachi, July 2, 9", and the back is engraved with the striking date mark "1930", and both sides are engraved with moire. Zhang Xueliang's handwritten 8-line block letter inscription is ***2 19. The inscription was sealed by Mr. Wang Xizhe, bulletin of the three northeastern provinces, and Shu Dan, secretary of Beining Road Bureau. The inscription reads as follows:
"Huludao has natural conditions, and Haikou is not a good port in the north. Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, many people have advocated building. It takes a lot of work to build a strong foundation, but it needs a lot of work. In the summer of the Republic of China 18, Minister Sun Zhi of the Ministry of Railways of the National Government complained that there was no good port on the Beining Railway, which was a continuation of the previous discussion. The envy of moving to Beining is the completion of Zisi Port. Therefore, Ji Yidong, senior director of Beining Railway Bureau, was ordered to resume his post in the port office attached to the Railway Bureau, which belongs to Dutch port management company to undertake his work for a period of five and a half years. At the same time, plan the market and turn it into a commercial port, and Qiyu Island will prosper! The great cause that has not been operated for 20 years is about to succeed, and its land-sea connection in northern China is neither important nor great. On the day he arrived in Evonne, Lu recorded his career as a sign of his coming, and it was a left ticket for Cheng Gong. Written by Zhang Xueliang. "
On the right side of the monument, there is a flagpole and a battery. The gun belongs to a warship of Haiqi. It's a 12 inch cannon made by Armstrong, England. It is the only weapon on the island. The monument was covered with a bad information flag, which was unveiled by Zhang Xueliang and Wu Tiecheng, the representative of the Ministry of Railways, and then the national flag was raised above the flagpole. Then, Gao Jiyi closed the switch of the mountain and there was a loud bang. 500 Jin of explosives blew up half the peaks of the sorghum pile (the name of the mountain). After the mountain bombing, the foundation laying ceremony ended.
Seventh, take a group photo. After the unveiling and mountain bombing ceremony, guests from all walks of life took a group photo at the same place as a souvenir. .
Eighth, Yu Xing. All the participants watched naval exercises and martial arts performances. Zhang Xueliang inspected the navy of Shen Honglie Department. At that time, five warships, Haiqi, Haichen, Yongxiang, Chu Yu and Zhenhai, were stationed at sea, and more than 300 sailors were inspected. They lined up neatly and had majestic military capabilities. Shen Honglie introduced the commander, and Zhang Xueliang was very satisfied.
The construction of Huludao Port planned by Zhang Xueliang was the largest project in the Republic of China at that time and a major event in political and economic life. From July 2nd, letters between post offices all over the country will be stamped with the seal of "Commemorating the Construction of Huludao Port" for 3 days as a commemoration. After the port construction project in Huludao started, the project progressed very smoothly. It only took about a year and a half, Banla Mountain and Sorghum Pile were razed to the ground, only a section of breakwater was extended, and stations, dormitories and cement depots were built. During the construction period, the northeast authorities "fear that the construction and reserve fees of various places near the port under the responsibility of the port office of Beining Railway Bureau are insufficient and plan to increase". On the basis of 0/50,000 yuan originally given to Beining Railway Bureau/KLOC, an additional 7 million yuan will be borne by Liaoning Provincial Government.
193 1 year, the "September 18th Incident" broke out, and Zhang Xueliang's 65,438+10,000 Northeast Army was ordered to withdraw into Shanhaiguan, then the three northeastern provinces were occupied by the Japanese, Huludao fell, and the harbor construction project was forced to stop.
After the "September 18th Incident" to 1945, the Japanese started to build Huludao Port from 1934 in order to plunder China's resources, and turned Huludao Port into an operating port with extremely poor conditions.
After Japan surrendered, Huludao became the only port of the Kuomintang in the northeast. Because it was only used and not built, Huludao port gradually declined.
After the founding of New China, Huludao Port became an important military port in China. Bohai Shipyard was completed and put into operation on 1960, becoming an important base of China shipbuilding industry. Huludao Port was opened to the public on February 6, 1984 1999 10, and officially opened to the public on May 7, 2000. It is a national first-class port.