Question 2: How to decompose the goal is to decompose the whole goal into its components, which is the concrete application of the scientific thinking method of synthesis-analysis-synthesis in goal management. Target decomposition is not an end, but a means to better ensure the overall goal. Just like a machine (whole), only by decomposing its components can we analyze and study the relationship and structure between its components, design and create a machine, and the machine has the specific functions that human beings need. Similarly, the overall goal must be achieved before management by objectives can be implemented. Therefore, target person decomposition is extremely important for carrying out management activities.
Because the goal is relative to a certain management organization system, it also has clear boundaries and levels like the management organization system, so the goal decomposition should use the method of system science, take into account the influence of organizational power and responsibility and time and space changes, and establish a scientific goal system through goal decomposition and synthesis.
There are two basic forms of object decomposition: spatial decomposition and time warp.
(A) according to the spatial relationship decomposition. This is a method to decompose the goal according to the power and responsibility relationship of the management organization system. Its role is to decompose and implement the target responsibility (including power) step by step; Mobilize the masses to participate in management. So as to achieve the overall goal according to the hierarchical structure of the management organization system, and achieve the purpose of top-down concretization, layer-by-layer implementation and bottom-up certification. Because the management organization system is the main network of souvenirs, there are two types of object decomposition: vertical decomposition and horizontal decomposition.
Vertical decomposition is to implement the responsibility system of straight-line heads. For the military system, the straight line here refers to officers at all levels, such as commanders-teachers-heads. In other words, the goal of the superior head is decomposed step by step to the subordinate head; It is also possible to decompose the collective goal of the Party committee at the next higher level into the party member Municipal Committee at the next lower level, and then the Party committee at the next lower level will be responsible for the division of labor according to the head, and then the collective goal of the Party committee will be decomposed into the standing committees of all parties.
Horizontal decomposition is to implement the responsibility system of functional departments. For the military system, the functional departments here refer to divisions, departments, post-organs and their subordinate functional departments, divisions and divisions. That is to link all functional departments related to a certain goal, clarify the responsibilities of each functional department, and designate the project responsible unit (or person in charge) to ensure the realization of the project. For example, the goal of personnel training involves the training department, the political department (dual-use personnel training) and various business departments (professional training). In order to make the overall effect of personnel training as good as possible (less investment, better quantity and quality of personnel training), it is extremely important to coordinate the relationship between departments. Therefore, the lateral decomposition of the target cannot be ignored.
(2) according to the time relationship decomposition. Management objectives must have a clear deadline, so as to motivate people to fight for it and achieve it step by step, otherwise the management objectives will become a marathon with no end, which is meaningless. Therefore, goals and time are closely linked. In order to implement effective control and grasp the progress of the goal, it is necessary to decompose the overall goal into goals in different stages and at different times according to the time sequence of realization. This is the decomposition of the target in time. For example, the goal system consisting of long-term goals, medium-term goals and short-term goals belongs to this decomposition form. Similarly, the annual target can also be decomposed into commission target, monthly target or daily target.
To sum up, goal decomposition is also the process of establishing the goal system, so we must grasp the overall goal of the management organization system and scientifically decompose it to make it an organic whole with clear and coordinated spatial relationship, time relationship and power-responsibility relationship.
Question 3: What are the principles to be followed in the goal decomposition of construction projects? This method is generally used for the calculation of various strip foundations, walls, cast-in-place and prefabricated members, and its characteristic is that it can effectively prevent omission and repeated calculation. 2. The structural diagram calculated according to the numbering sequence includes different kinds and types of components, which are distributed in different parts. In order to facilitate calculation and review, it is necessary to number the components according to the numbering sequence and then calculate them. 3. The quantities of complex structures are calculated according to the axis number. In order to facilitate calculation and review, some subdivisional works can be calculated according to the axis number method of the construction drawing. For example, in the same plane, when the length and width of the strip foundation are inconsistent, it can be calculated in the order of axis A (① ~ ③) and axis B (③, ⑤, ⑦). 4. Segmented calculation In long-span members, when the cross section changes, segmented calculation can be adopted. Such as multi-span continuous beam, when the cross-section height or width of one span is different from that of other spans, it can be calculated in sections according to the size between columns. If the section of floor ring beam at the entrance of doors and windows is thickened, the quantities of concrete and steel bars should be calculated in sections. 5. Hierarchical calculation is a common method in engineering quantity calculation. For example, when the number of wall layers, component layout, wall cylindrical decoration and floor practices are different, it is necessary to calculate by layers, and then summarize the projects with the same engineering practices on each floor respectively. 6. Calculating by region When the plane design of large-scale engineering projects is complicated, the plane can be divided into several regions at expansion joints or settlement joints to calculate the quantities respectively, and then the projects with the same characteristics in each region can be combined for calculation. (II) Rapid calculation method of engineering quantity This method is a simple and quick method based on the basic method and according to the calculation characteristics and laws of components or subdivisional works. Its core content is to use the bill of quantities, the special table for engineering quantity calculation and various calculation formulas to calculate skillfully, so as to achieve the purpose of fast and accurate calculation (see chapter 3, rapid calculation methods and skills of itemized engineering quantities). Four. Brief Introduction of Valuation Specification Valuation specification is a specification for bidding activities of construction projects jointly issued by the Ministry of Construction and AQSIQ. Its purpose is to standardize the valuation behavior of construction engineering bill of quantities and unify the compilation and valuation methods of construction engineering bill of quantities. (1) The general concept of the bill of quantities valuation method is that in the bidding of construction projects, the tenderee provides the quantities according to the unified national engineering quantity calculation rules, and the bidders independently quote according to the bill of quantities, and the project cost valuation method is based on the evaluated low-priced bid. Bill of Quantities is a detailed list of partial and sub-project items, measures, other project names and corresponding quantities of the proposed project compiled by the tenderee according to the unified project compilation, project name, measurement unit, calculation rules of quantities, construction drawings and actual construction site, including partial and sub-project bill of quantities, measures and other project lists. Bill of quantities valuation refers to all the expenses required by the bidder to complete the bill of quantities provided by the tenderer, including partial project fees, measures project fees, other project fees, fees and taxes. The bill of quantities is priced by comprehensive unit price. The valuation activities of bill of quantities of construction projects should follow the principles of objectivity, justice and fairness. In addition to this specification, it shall also comply with the provisions of relevant national laws, regulations, standards and norms. (II) Contents of the valuation statement The valuation statement consists of a text and an appendix, both of which have the same effect. 1, the text is divided into five parts, including general principles, terminology, bill of quantities preparation, bill of quantities pricing, bill of quantities and its pricing format, etc. , respectively, clearly defined the scope of application, the principles to be followed, the rules to be followed in compiling the bill of quantities, the rules of valuation activities of the bill of quantities, the bill of quantities and its valuation format.
Question 4: requirement condition decomposition of target management 1. A scientific strategy lets every employee know the development direction and corporate vision of the enterprise, the true meaning of the enterprise strategy, the possibility and scientificity of realization, and the behavior mode of the enterprise's expectation or requirement for employees. Let employees know the realization of strategic goals. When they carry out their own goals and tasks, they can keep the unity with the strategic goals of the enterprise, and they can also take the initiative to correct and check their own behaviors and work norms when achieving their goals. Second, the formulation and implementation of cultural communication goals need a lot of communication to realize the enjoyment of information. The formulation and decomposition of enterprise goals and the horizontal coordination between departments require enterprises to hold management decision-making meetings to determine or clarify. Through the elaboration of strategic objectives and the participation of directors of various functional departments, managers at all levels can understand and understand the strategic objectives of enterprises more clearly. At the same time, at the meeting, you can listen to the opinions, suggestions, concerns or requirements of various functional departments on the overall goal or part of the goal, correct the enterprise or department goals in time, and solve the concerns or feedback in time. The decomposition of the internal objectives of the department should be communicated within the department, listen to the opinions of the other party, and finally confirm the decomposition of the objectives. Condition 3: Enterprise Training Through training, employees can realize that the enterprise strategic target system is a huge system, and its realization is possible, objective and scientific. Enterprises should consider the overall situation, not only the results, but also the key processes when achieving strategic goals. At the same time, let employees (especially managers) master the specific methods and steps of goal decomposition to ensure the effectiveness and scientificity of goal decomposition. Condition 4: management authorization means hierarchical management and separation of powers and responsibilities; Implement target responsibility and strengthen dynamic management; Improve the incentive mechanism and use it reasonably.
Question 5: What is the goal decomposition method? The goal decomposition method adopts the method of balance card and goal setting, that is, by establishing a comprehensive index system including financial indicators and non-financial indicators to monitor the performance level of enterprises.
Question 6: How to break down a work goal is to divide a big goal into many small goals and do it slowly.
Question 7: Under the new curriculum concept, how to decompose the curriculum standards into changes in regional geography teaching requirements and learning objectives? A deep understanding of the important changes in regional geography teaching under the new curriculum concept is helpful for us to grasp the changes in teaching requirements and learning objectives in regional geography teaching. (1) Defining the orientation of curriculum standards and paying attention to the understanding and analysis of curriculum standards are the starting point and destination of geography classroom teaching activities, and also the motivation and foundation for teachers and students to carry out all teaching activities. Therefore, we can think that the understanding, understanding and practice of the new curriculum teaching concept from the "teaching goal design" will also directly reflect the current situation and transformation process of regional geography teaching in the new curriculum. The next interview takes Southeast Asia as a case to explain. In the section of Southeast Asia, an experimental textbook published by People's Education Publishing House, four sections of materials are selected, namely, the location of crossroads, tropical climate and agricultural production, the distribution of mountains, rivers and cities, and the areas where overseas Chinese are concentrated. The contents include geographical location, scope, major countries and capitals, climate characteristics and agricultural production and life, the influence of river distribution on urban distribution, and the advantages of developing tourism. (2) Use charts to describe the climate characteristics of a certain area and the influence of climate on local agricultural production and life; (3) Use topographic map to explain the general situation of major rivers in a certain area and the influence of rivers on urban distribution; (4) Give examples to illustrate the advantages of developing tourism in a certain area. In my opinion, in order to embody the new curriculum concept, the teaching goal design of "the position of the crossroads" in "Southeast Asia" should be like this. Knowledge and skill goal: tell the location of Southeast Asia with southeast asia map, and summarize the characteristics of Southeast Asia called "crossroads", that is, its important geographical location; So as to learn how to describe the geographical location of the area and how to make a brief evaluation of the geographical location. Process and method objectives: Through maps, related familiarity (Southeast Asia), local geographical images around, etc. , you can perceive the geographical location of the region, and understand the relationship and characteristics between geographical elements through analysis and generalization. Emotional attitude and value goal: through understanding the characteristics of spatial geographical location, curiosity about geography is generated. (2) Pay attention to building a good regional geographical cognitive structure and cultivate the ability of learning transfer. Curriculum standards shift the focus of regional geography teaching to "how to know a region by learning regional elements", and extract regional knowledge, skills and methods with the same meaning and easy migration from the data of case areas, which also means that regional geography teaching should handle the relationship between imparting knowledge and developing ability. Geographical cognitive structure is a general way for students to perceive, remember and understand spatial relations when learning geographical knowledge, and it is also a cognitive way and thinking way formed by students in the process of learning geographical knowledge. Piaget, a famous psychologist, pointed out that learning includes assimilating new experiences into one's existing cognitive structure; It also includes adjusting a person's cognitive structure to adapt to new experiences. Constructivism also believes that learning is the assimilation, reorganization or reconstruction of new information and students' original cognitive structure, and ultimately the construction of learned knowledge in a new sense. It can be seen that establishing a good cognitive structure is conducive to unifying the learning of knowledge and the cultivation of ability, so that students can draw inferences from others, which is the foundation of improving students' learning ability. 1. Attach importance to the construction of regional geographical cognitive structure. Among many elements of regional geography, such as location, scope, topography, rivers, vegetation, resources, population, economy, industry, agriculture, commerce, city, culture and so on. Each geographical element has its own cognitive structure, cognitive methods and ideas. For example, the basic method of identifying regional topographic features is to use topographic maps and topographic profiles, and the basic framework of cognition is as follows. 2. Reflect the cognitive structure in blackboard writing. Writing on the blackboard in geography classroom teaching is a teacher's teaching behavior of presenting teaching contents and cognitive process to students by using words, symbols and images, so as to summarize and systematize knowledge. Writing on the blackboard is of great significance in strengthening the systematization and constructing students' cognitive structure, which is mainly manifested in the following aspects: writing on the blackboard shows the skeleton of geographical knowledge, including the main points of knowledge and their connections; In the process of classroom teaching, blackboard writing is presented in a certain time order, which embodies the cognitive process of students' learning; The words, symbols and images on the blackboard make the content of a lesson concise, systematic and clear, with prominent focus, integrity and systematicness; Writing on the blackboard strengthens the intuition of teaching and is also convenient for students to review and consolidate. Therefore, the new curriculum field ... >>
Question 8: How to decompose the safety standardization objectives? Give you a few sets of your own, and there are many websites for you to see.
Personal year-end summary template
Over the past year, I have been able to seriously study Marxism-Leninism, * * Thought and * * Theory, implement the spirit of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Third Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, actively work hard on * * *, be strict with myself ideologically according to party member standards, be diligent in my work, love the people, be hard-working and pragmatic in my work style, and have successfully completed various tasks assigned by leaders and departments at all levels. Strive for * * *, and the main information is reported as follows:
Ideologically, seriously study the theory of * * * *, understand the spirit of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Third Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, pay attention to the situation at home and abroad by using TV, computers, newspapers, magazines and other media, learn the basic knowledge of the Party and related political and ideological documents and books, and deeply understand the spirit of the speech of Secretary * * * *, and take it as an ideological program and a guide to action; Actively participate in various political study and education activities organized by the party Committee; Actively publicize the party's principles and policies and the spirit of the company's party Committee to employees; Always keep in mind the purpose of serving the people and understand your responsibilities; Actively participate in grassroots construction, play an exemplary role in the work, and set an example for the broad masses of workers. At the same time, seriously study relevant business knowledge, and constantly improve their theoretical level and comprehensive quality.
At work, around the company * * *, control the relevant standards, strict with yourself, to better complete the tasks. This year, we have mainly completed the following tasks: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Style, can abide by the rules and discipline, unite with colleagues, seek truth from facts, optimistic, always maintain a rigorous and serious work attitude and meticulous work style, hard work. Carry forward the fine tradition of hard work and helpfulness in life, always be honest, diligent, hard and simple, always bear in mind party member's responsibilities and obligations, be strict with yourself and always play an exemplary role.
Direction of future efforts: With the implementation of * * *, we can expect that our work will be more arduous, the requirements will be higher, and the knowledge we need to master will be higher and wider. To this end, I will work harder, study hard, strive to improve my cultural quality and various work skills, and make due contributions to * * *.
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Attachment: year-end summary gold tips
The year is approaching, so it's time to write a summary. In order to save the world and mankind, the author will dedicate the year-end summary skills learned by visiting famous teachers, hoping to inspire all colleagues.
Point one: the length should be long enough.
After working hard for a year, the key is to look at the weight of this "summary". If there is a word limit, you can write according to the "capital value". If there is no word limit, it will be a bit troublesome. Pay attention to inquire about the length of other units at the same level, so as to have a reference to "play without virtual hair." Otherwise, I will write for a long time, writing 15 pages. I don't know that people have written 20 pages, and the momentum is still short. Isn't this a waste of effort?
To achieve long space, in addition to hard practice and hard writing, there is also a shortcut-the words are big and sparse. In other words, position the font size above "No.3" and widen the line spacing as much as possible, but not too big, otherwise it will give people a feeling of "water injection".
The second point: rhetoric is very important.
For example, the beginning must be "Time flies, 2004 passed quickly, and when I look back on the past year, I can't help feeling a lot …" The end must be "A new year means a new starting point, new opportunities and new challenges", "Determined to make persistent efforts to a higher level" or "We must strive to open up a new situation in our work".
From time to time, there should be affirmative words such as "achieved good results", "praised and welcomed by leading workers", "reached a new height" and "reached a new level" ...
The so-called "summary" should sum up both advantages and disadvantages, otherwise it will give people a flashy feeling, but it can only be an understatement. The appropriate ratio of good grades is 10: 1, otherwise, can you still have a job if you criticize yourself for nothing?
The third point: the data should be intuitive.
Today is the digital age, so the more data, the better, such as "business growth rate", "customer complaint reduction rate", "how many visitors have been received", "how many expenses have been saved", "how many times have you been forced to work overtime", "how many times do you answer the phone every day", "how many days do you travel every year" and "cumulative" >>
Question 9: How to decompose the goal is to decompose the whole goal into its components, which is the concrete application of the scientific thinking method of synthesis-analysis-synthesis in goal management. Target decomposition is not an end, but a means to better ensure the overall goal. Just like a machine (whole), only by decomposing its components can we analyze and study the relationship and structure between its components, design and create a machine, and the machine has the specific functions that human beings need. Similarly, the overall goal must be achieved before management by objectives can be implemented. Therefore, target person decomposition is extremely important for carrying out management activities.
Because the goal is relative to a certain management organization system, it also has clear boundaries and levels like the management organization system, so the goal decomposition should use the method of system science, take into account the influence of organizational power and responsibility and time and space changes, and establish a scientific goal system through goal decomposition and synthesis.
There are two basic forms of object decomposition: spatial decomposition and time warp.
(A) according to the spatial relationship decomposition. This is a method to decompose the goal according to the power and responsibility relationship of the management organization system. Its role is to decompose and implement the target responsibility (including power) step by step; Mobilize the masses to participate in management. So as to achieve the overall goal according to the hierarchical structure of the management organization system, and achieve the purpose of top-down concretization, layer-by-layer implementation and bottom-up certification. Because the management organization system is the main network of souvenirs, there are two types of object decomposition: vertical decomposition and horizontal decomposition.
Vertical decomposition is to implement the responsibility system of straight-line heads. For the military system, the straight line here refers to officers at all levels, such as commanders-teachers-heads. In other words, the goal of the superior head is decomposed step by step to the subordinate head; It is also possible to decompose the collective goal of the Party committee at the next higher level into the party member Municipal Committee at the next lower level, and then the Party committee at the next lower level will be responsible for the division of labor according to the head, and then the collective goal of the Party committee will be decomposed into the standing committees of all parties.
Horizontal decomposition is to implement the responsibility system of functional departments. For the military system, the functional departments here refer to divisions, departments, post-organs and their subordinate functional departments, divisions and divisions. That is to link all functional departments related to a certain goal, clarify the responsibilities of each functional department, and designate the project responsible unit (or person in charge) to ensure the realization of the project. For example, the goal of personnel training involves the training department, the political department (dual-use personnel training) and various business departments (professional training). In order to make the overall effect of personnel training as good as possible (less investment, better quantity and quality of personnel training), it is extremely important to coordinate the relationship between departments. Therefore, the lateral decomposition of the target cannot be ignored.
(2) according to the time relationship decomposition. Management objectives must have a clear deadline, so as to motivate people to fight for it and achieve it step by step, otherwise the management objectives will become a marathon with no end, which is meaningless. Therefore, goals and time are closely linked. In order to implement effective control and grasp the progress of the goal, it is necessary to decompose the overall goal into goals in different stages and at different times according to the time sequence of realization. This is the decomposition of the target in time. For example, the goal system consisting of long-term goals, medium-term goals and short-term goals belongs to this decomposition form. Similarly, the annual target can also be decomposed into commission target, monthly target or daily target.
To sum up, goal decomposition is also the process of establishing the goal system, so we must grasp the overall goal of the management organization system and scientifically decompose it to make it an organic whole with clear and coordinated spatial relationship, time relationship and power-responsibility relationship.
Question 10: What is goal decomposition? How to break down the target? Solving goal decomposition is to decompose the whole goal into its components, which is the concrete application of the scientific thinking method of synthesis-analysis-synthesis in goal management. Target decomposition is not an end, but a means to better ensure the overall goal. Just like a machine (whole), only by decomposing its components can we analyze and study the relationship and structure between its components, design and create a machine, and the machine has the specific functions that human beings need. Similarly, the overall goal must be achieved before management by objectives can be implemented. Therefore, target person decomposition is extremely important for carrying out management activities.
Because the goal is relative to a certain management organization system, it also has clear boundaries and levels like the management organization system, so the goal decomposition should use the method of system science, take into account the influence of organizational power and responsibility and time and space changes, and establish a scientific goal system through goal decomposition and synthesis.
There are two basic forms of object decomposition: spatial decomposition and time warp.
(A) according to the spatial relationship decomposition. This is a method to decompose the goal according to the power and responsibility relationship of the management organization system. Its role is to decompose and implement the target responsibility (including power) step by step; Mobilize the masses to participate in management. So as to achieve the overall goal according to the hierarchical structure of the management organization system, and achieve the purpose of top-down concretization, layer-by-layer implementation and bottom-up certification. Because the management organization system is the main network of souvenirs, there are two types of object decomposition: vertical decomposition and horizontal decomposition.
Vertical decomposition is to implement the responsibility system of straight-line heads. For the military system, the straight line here refers to officers at all levels, such as commanders-teachers-heads. In other words, the goal of the superior head is decomposed step by step to the subordinate head; It is also possible to decompose the collective goal of the Party committee at the next higher level into the party member Municipal Committee at the next lower level, and then the Party committee at the next lower level will be responsible for the division of labor according to the head, and then the collective goal of the Party committee will be decomposed into the standing committees of all parties.
Horizontal decomposition is to implement the responsibility system of functional departments. For the military system, the functional departments here refer to divisions, departments, post-organs and their subordinate functional departments, divisions and divisions. That is to link all functional departments related to a certain goal, clarify the responsibilities of each functional department, and designate the project responsible unit (or person in charge) to ensure the realization of the project. For example, the goal of personnel training involves the training department, the political department (dual-use personnel training) and various business departments (professional training). In order to make the overall effect of personnel training as good as possible (less investment, better quantity and quality of personnel training), it is extremely important to coordinate the relationship between departments. Therefore, the lateral decomposition of the target cannot be ignored.
(2) according to the time relationship decomposition. Management objectives must have a clear deadline, so as to motivate people to fight for it and achieve it step by step, otherwise the management objectives will become a marathon with no end, which is meaningless. Therefore, goals and time are closely linked. In order to implement effective control and grasp the progress of the goal, it is necessary to decompose the overall goal into goals in different stages and at different times according to the time sequence of realization. This is the decomposition of the target in time. For example, the goal system consisting of long-term goals, medium-term goals and short-term goals belongs to this decomposition form. Similarly, the annual target can also be decomposed into commission target, monthly target or daily target.
To sum up, goal decomposition is also the process of establishing the goal system, so we must grasp the overall goal of the management organization system and scientifically decompose it to make it an organic whole with clear and coordinated spatial relationship, time relationship and power-responsibility relationship.