Analysis:

Find the following information for your reference:

(A) interview is the basis of news writing

Interview is not only the basis of news writing, but also the premise and basis of all news bodies (especially news reporting genres) writing. To write news, to write good and newsworthy news, first of all, reporters are required to interview in depth and have rich, typical and true materials. This requires journalists to have strong news sensitivity, be good at obtaining news clues and master basic interview methods and skills. Journalists are required to devote themselves to practice, observe all directions, listen to all directions, have a way of "heaven" and a door of "earth", listen carefully to questions, remember carefully, conduct successful interviews within a limited time, and prepare for news writing and lay a good foundation.

Interview and writing are closely related. It seems that there is an interview before writing. The former is a process of understanding reality, while the latter is a process of reflecting reality. In fact, strong interview ability will naturally contribute to the improvement of writing efficiency, and strong writing ability can make you know fairly well, think clearly and have a clear goal in the interview, thus improving the efficiency of the interview.

(B) the structure of information

The structure of a message usually refers to two aspects. First, it refers to the composition of the message, that is, the structural components of the draft message, which generally consist of title, message header, introduction, theme, background and ending. Second, it refers to the structural form of news, that is, the way the author arranges or lays out the screened news materials as a whole.

The structural forms of messages mainly include the following:

1, inverted pyramid structure

The inverted pyramid structure is a top-heavy and anticlimactic structure. The most important materials are placed at the beginning of the article, the least important materials are placed at the end of the article, and the news materials are arranged in descending order of importance from the introduction to the end. Its main features are:

(1) breaks the convention of describing events, and often presents the following formula with the time characteristics of materials:

The first is "general flashback". That is, put the final results or attractive materials that happened afterwards at the beginning of the article.

Followed by "local flashback" (that is, "direct flashback"). That is to say, in local flashback, sequence is used to explain how to start and how to come later in the past period of time.

Finally, the "whole sequence". That is, "what's the matter now, what's the matter further away"

(2) Arrange the materials according to their importance and determine the hierarchical order of paragraphs. It is often presented in the order of "important", "secondary", "less important", "supplement" and "further explanation materials".

(3) Its lead is often the direct part of the lead, which contains the most important facts and is often relatively independent, and can be turned into "concise news" or "one-sentence news".

(4) The narrative of the event process is often very short, and each paragraph is very short.

The inverted pyramid structure is convenient for the audience to quickly grasp the essence of the whole article and meet the needs of the audience to get the latest news as soon as possible; It is convenient for reporters to report news quickly and send out the most important news facts first; It is convenient to edit and select manuscripts, divide manuscripts, assemble editions and abridge. If there is not enough space, you can delete them from the back to the front without readjusting the paragraphs. But it is also easy to stylize and simplify. Moreover, it is more suitable for writing breaking news with strong timeliness and single event, but not for writing non-event news with strong human feelings and events.

For example:

China news agency, Beijing, September 5th-The Fan Changjiang Prize for Journalism, the highest prize for young and middle-aged journalists in China, will be awarded from this year and every two years thereafter.

The reporter learned from the press conference held by China Journalists Association and Fan Changjiang News Prize Foundation today that all young and middle-aged professional journalists who are not over 55 years old in the selection year can participate in the selection. The selection scope includes news editors, journalists, announcers (including program hosts) of newspapers, news agencies, radio stations, news and current affairs publications, news films and other units that have been officially approved for registration, as well as professionals engaged in news theory research and news education.

The first "Fan Changjiang Prize for Journalism" selected at most 10 editors. Whether to set a nomination award is to be determined. The selection results will be announced in the first quarter of next year.

It is reported that the measures for foreign journalists to participate in the selection will be formulated separately.

Mu Qing, Chairman of Fan Changjiang News Prize Foundation and President of Xinhua News Agency, served as the director of the selection committee. The selection committee consists of experts and celebrities from the press.

2. Time series structure

This kind of structure is also called chronological structure. Some people call it pyramid structure, but it is not accurate. The time structure is usually not necessarily introduced separately, and the facts are often arranged in chronological order, with the first time happening in front and the last time happening behind. This structure has a clear narrative and a strong sense of the scene, which is very suitable for writing news with strong stories and winning plots, especially for writing witnesses at the scene. Its disadvantage is that the beginning is dull and it is difficult to attract the audience at once; The essence of news may also be submerged in a long narrative.

For example, frozen children are resurrected.

A child named mcenroe in Wisconsin, USA, is only two and a half years old this year. 1 month 19, while his family was not paying attention, he wore a pajamas and went outdoors alone in the cold of MINUS 29 degrees. When the family found him and carried him back to the house, part of mcenroe's blood was "frozen" and his hands and feet were stiff. When he was taken to the hospital, his temperature had dropped to 15.5 degrees. However, after being rescued by advanced equipment such as heart-lung pump, mcenroe miraculously came back to life. There is no precedent in the world for such a person who is in low temperature to come back from the dead, and even the doctors who participated in the rescue of mcenroe were amazed.

Now, except for the slight muscle disorder caused by frostbite sequelae that may be left in the left hand, the others will return to normal, and it is estimated that they will recover in three or four weeks.

3. Contrast structure

This structure focuses on revealing differences through comparison, thus highlighting the news theme. For example, People's Daily reported Shunyi Beer and Tsingtao Beer in July 1982. The information first uses the comparison title.

Why are the construction of two factories fast and slow?

Decentralization for Initiative ―― Shunyi Brewery completed and put into operation in one year

A mother-in-law does more than she can handle ―― Two years' dispute over Tsingtao Brewery's expansion.

Then it is more advanced. Under the comparison heading, two comparison subheadings are used:

Shunyi Factory: Local authorities have the initiative, leaders attach importance to it, and all parties cooperate.

"Qingdao factory: There are too many mother-in-law, who are on business trips and restrict each other."

Finally, there is a comparison ending:

"The situation of the two factories is so different that it is thought-provoking."

4. Abstract structure

This structure usually summarizes the most important facts in the news into the introduction, and then lists a number of contents that need to be presented in the form of abstract, and presents them one by one with digital programs. Sometimes you can use "-"to get the main points, not the numbers.

5. Question and answer structure

This structure is mainly used for news conference reporting. Journalists should be good at organizing problems, be loyal to their original intentions, and pay attention to the consistency and clarity of content when writing.

6. Cumulative interest structure

This structure usually sets suspense at the beginning, which makes the audience gradually increase their interest in the event and eventually forms * * *. Because the interest of its materials is increasing from introduction to end, it is named cumulative interest type. Because of the suspense, some people call it a suspended structure. It puts special emphasis on putting the most exciting and unexpected materials at the end of the news. For example:

Wedding mourning for the death of the bride

On the eve of the Spring Festival, Xiao Jianjun, a soldier of a certain unit, received an urgent telegram that "his father died of illness soon" and hurried back to his hometown in Linfen, Shanxi.

When I walked in the door, I saw lanterns decorated in the room, and the word "Hi" was written on the wall. Mix froze. Mother pulled him aside and said, I sent a fake telegram without telling my family to let you attend my eldest brother's wedding. Please keep a secret. Mother's painstaking efforts made Mix lie to his father and family that he was on his way home on business.

My brother got married on February 8. The wedding ceremony is over. Relatives and friends push a cup for a change. Often when toasting, the postman sent a telegram. Mix's father took it and unfolded it quickly. I saw that it said: "Wen Jianjun's father died unfortunately, and all the officers and men of Sanlian Company called to express their deep condolences." His father trembled with anger and questioned his son. The bride sitting in the room found out the reason, rushed out with a loud cry of "wow" and hit her head against the wall and died. Thanks to everyone's advice, the situation didn't expand. His mother said regretfully, "It was all my absurd behavior that caused great disaster." .

7. Prose structure

It is to absorb the characteristics of prose in structure and expression, arrange materials and levels freely and flexibly, and express language in an eclectic way. For example, Guo Lingchun wrote the article "Comrade Jinshan Memorial Service Held in Beijing".