Forest health; Construction measures; Transformation measures
Humans need a healthy body, terrestrial ecosystems need a virtuous circle, and forests need a stable ecosystem to grow healthily. In the leaping development strategy of forestry ecological construction, forest health has gradually attracted people's attention. Its implementation will bridge the transformation from quantity to quality of forestry in China and fundamentally change the situation of extensive forestry management [1-2]. The basic connotation of forest health is: through the scientific construction and management of forests, the stability and biodiversity of forest ecosystems can be realized, and the ability of forests to resist various natural disasters can be enhanced, so as to meet the multi-objective, multi-value, multi-purpose, multi-product and multi-service needs expected by human beings at present and in the future [3]. In recent years, the climate has changed abnormally, with drought and little rain, and the groundwater level has dropped significantly. Persistent drought not only increases the difficulty of afforestation, but also causes some forests to wither and die. Due to the weakening of the whole tree, various forest pests and secondary disasters occur from time to time. Faced with such a situation, we must be soberly aware that natural selection and survival of the fittest are the eternal laws of nature, which are independent of human will. Violating the laws of nature will be punished by nature and pay a heavy price.
1 measures to build a healthy forest
1. 1 scientifically classify site types and implement standardized afforestation.
On the basis of resource investigation data, the afforestation site types are divided in detail according to different tree species, and the problem of suitable site and suitable tree is fundamentally solved according to local conditions. On the basis of practice, we should implement the construction of forestry standardization system, incorporate all kinds of afforestation models into local standards of governments at all levels, implement standardized afforestation, solve the leap from extensive management to intensive management, and lay a good foundation for building healthy forests [4].
1.2 zonal vegetation is dominant, and various vegetation types are established.
Zonal vegetation is the first choice in nature after thousands of years of survival of the fittest, with strong stability. For those who can promote the restoration of native vegetation through enclosure and artificial methods, natural restoration should be given priority to, and it is not necessary to introduce exotic tree species. For those who can't restore the original vegetation, native tree species should be given priority in the construction of ecological forest to improve the adaptability of tree species. In afforestation planning, we should select some trees and shrubs suitable for local growth, optimize their combinations, create multiple types of forests, increase biodiversity, and form complementary advantages and benign development. Do the combination of arbor, irrigation and grass, mainly irrigation and grass. Trees should be dominated by shelterbelts to reduce the number of flaky pure forests. In plain agricultural areas, arbor shelterbelts and fast-growing and high-yield forests should be given priority to, and economic benefits should be given priority to in terms of ecological and economic benefits, with emphasis on the development of poplar, paulownia and fruit tree economic forests. Planting trees and irrigation should be given priority to in sand areas, with emphasis on controlling sand sources. The development of mountainous areas should focus on timber forests and economic shrubs and appropriately develop evergreen trees.
1.3 Strengthen seed breeding and forest pest control.
With the single variety of afforestation seedlings and the increase in the proportion of asexual propagation seedlings, hidden dangers have been laid for the outbreak of forest diseases and insect pests, which pose a potential threat to forest health and will seriously affect the healthy development of forestry. How to maintain the diversity of species genes is an urgent task at this stage. In recent years, forest diseases and insect pests have occurred seriously in coniferous and broad-leaved pure forests, especially pine wood nematode disease, which has occurred in many places in Jiujiang City, causing serious losses. Forest pest control must run through the whole process of forestry production. Forest pest control measures must be incorporated into afforestation planning and design, and forest pest control factors should be fully considered from all aspects such as improved seed breeding, strong seedling cultivation, afforestation, tending, management and protection, logging and transportation, and planning, implementation, inspection and acceptance should be carried out simultaneously.