1.A 1 Type: There are five alternative answers A, B, C, D and E below each test question. Please choose the best answer and black the box with the letter corresponding to the corresponding question number on the answer sheet.

1. Which of the following is not appropriate for the repair of atrial septal defect?

A. When repairing the defect of superior vena cava, it is necessary to distinguish whether there is abnormal drainage of right pulmonary vein.

B attention should be paid to identifying the inferior vena cava valve when suturing the lower edge.

The cribriform defect should be cut into a hole and then repaired.

D before closing the defect, attention should be paid to lung inflation and exhaust.

E infusion should not be too fast after stopping cardiopulmonary bypass to prevent right heart failure and acute pulmonary edema.

Correct answer: e Solution: If there are multiple sieve defects in the filling chamber, it should be cut into a single hole and then repaired. Due to long-term left-to-right shunt and hypoplasia of left heart, blood transfusion should not be too fast after stopping cardiopulmonary bypass to avoid overload of left ventricular volume.

2. Regarding the correction of tetralogy of Fallot, which of the following is not appropriate?

A. dredge the right ventricular outflow tract

B. Repair of ventricular septal defect

C. there must be enough right ventricular end volume.

D. Both pulmonary arteries must be well developed.

E. It is usually performed under cardiopulmonary bypass with moderate hypothermia (25 ~ 26℃).

Correct answer: Solution C: The left ventricle is well developed and has enough end-diastolic volume, which is a necessary condition for the correction of tetralogy of Fallot.

3. Which of the following is not a simple surgical method to repair ventricular septal defect?

A. Pulmonary artery pathway

B. Right atrial approach

C. Aortic pathway

D. Right ventricular pathway

E. Left ventricular approach

Correct answer: Solution C: Extraarterial, left and right atria and left and right ventricles can be used as approaches to repair ventricular defects, which are selected according to the location and size of ventricular defects.

4. Which of the following statements is wrong about congenital aortic stenosis?

A refers to congenital coarctation of aorta occurring in ascending aorta.

B. it may be related to the process of arterial catheter fibrosis atresia.

C thick collateral circulation was established from the 3rd to 7th intercostal arteries.

D the anterior catheter with arterial catheter often has cyanosis in the lower body and no cyanosis in the upper body.

E. the blood pressure of lower limbs is lower than that of upper limbs, and the pressure gradient difference is > 20mmHg.

Correct answer: One solution: coarctation of aorta is more common at the beginning of descending aorta than ascending aorta.

5. Which description is inappropriate about pulmonary valve stenosis?

A. "Dilation after stenosis" often occurs in pulmonary trunk.

Due to pulmonary valve stenosis, the right ventricular pressure is always higher than the left ventricular pressure.

C pulmonary valve stenosis can be combined with bicuspid pulmonary valve.

D. pulmonary artery stenosis or right ventricular funnel stenosis can be combined.

E. secondary muscle hypertrophy and stenosis can appear in the right ventricular funnel.

Correct answer: b

A2 question: There are five alternative answers: A, B, C, D and E below each question. Please choose the best answer and black the box with the letter corresponding to the corresponding question number on the answer sheet.

6. Male, 18 years old. Heart palpitations and shortness of breath after fatigue. Physical examination showed that the left sternal margin ⅲ/6 systolic jet murmur was accompanied by tremor, and the second sound of pulmonary artery was weakened. Electrocardiogram showed that the electric axis was to the right and the right ventricle was enlarged. X-ray film showed that the pulmonary blood decreased and the right heart increased. Its initial diagnosis may be

A. Mitral stenosis

B. Atrial septal defect

C. Patent ductus arteriosus

D. Mitral valve insufficiency

E. pulmonary valve stenosis

Correct answer: e

7. Male, short of breath for 4 months after birth. Emergency physical examination: wet rales in both lungs, 2 ~ 3 intercostal systolic murmurs on the left edge of sternum, strong pulse of upper limb artery and unclear pulse of femoral artery. The most likely diagnosis is

A. Ventricular septal defect

B. Atrial septal defect

C. coarctation of aorta

D. Patent ductus arteriosus

E. tetralogy of Fallot

Correct answer: C.

8. Female, 5 months old. I came to see the doctor for five days because I found a heart murmur. Physical examination: good nutrition, no cyanosis, ⅲ/6 systolic murmur between the third and fourth ribs of the left sternum, no tremor. Echocardiography showed that the inner diameter of each atrioventricular was normal, the echo of interventricular septum was interrupted by 3mm, and the left-to-right septal blood flow could be detected. It was diagnosed as ventricular septal defect. According to the above inspection, the advice to parents should be

A. Interventional therapy

B. Immediate surgery

C. No treatment is needed

D. drug therapy

E. follow up and observe the progress of the disease.

Correct answer: e

9. Male, 7 years old. From shortness of breath, syncope can occur after strenuous activity, and rough jet systolic murmur can be heard between the second ribs of the left sternum during auscultation. In order to make a definite diagnosis, the most valuable examination is

A. Blood gas analysis

X ray examination

C. Color Doppler echocardiography

D. electrocardiogram examination

E. Blood biochemical examination

Correct answer: C.

10. Male, 5 years old. The chief complaint is getting tired and shortness of breath. No cyanosis was found in physical examination, but the jugular vein was dilated, the liver was enlarged, and the coarse systolic murmur could reach ⅳ/6 between the second and third ribs of the left sternum. The most likely diagnosis is

A. Patent ductus arteriosus

B. Ventricular septal defect

C. atrial septal defect

D. right ventricular outflow tract obstruction

E. tetralogy of Fallot

Correct answer: D.

3.A3/A4 questions: Here are several cases, each with several questions. Please choose the best answer from the five alternative answers A, B, C, D and E below each question according to the information provided by the answer, and mark the box where the corresponding letter of the corresponding question number belongs on the answer sheet.

(1 1- 14 questions * * * with dry questions)

Male, 12 years old. I've had heart murmurs since I was a child, and it's easy to catch a cold. Physical examination revealed slight tremor and murmur in the second intercostal contraction of the left sternum. Color Doppler echocardiography showed shunt between descending aorta and pulmonary artery.

1 1. The most likely diagnosis is

A. Patent ductus arteriosus

B. High ventricular septal defect

C. rupture of aortic sinus aneurysm

D. Pulmonary artery stenosis

E. aortic stenosis

12. In recent two weeks, chills and high fever occurred repeatedly after catching a cold, with no obvious chest pain and occasional cough and expectoration. Imaging examination showed vegetation in pulmonary artery. It's quite possible,

A. Pulmonary infection

B. Sepsis

C. bacterial endocarditis

D. rheumatic fever

E. upper respiratory tract infection

13. auxiliary examination has confirmed congenital heart disease, and radical operation was originally planned. According to the present situation, when should the operation be performed?

A. Immediate surgical treatment

B. Six months after infection control

C. After infection control 1 week

D. 6 weeks after infection control

E. 3 months after infection control

14. After the child developed fever, anti-infection treatment was started, but soon after, peripheral arteriole embolism occurred twice. At this time, it should be

A. Immediate surgical treatment

B. replace it with more effective antibiotics

C. anticoagulation treatment should be carried out immediately.

D. Start thrombolytic therapy immediately.

E. Continue the original treatment

Correct answer: 1 1. a； 12.c； 13.d； 14.A

(15- 18 * * Use the title to do it)

Female, 7 years old. Come to the clinic 1 year or more because of fatigue and shortness of breath due to strenuous activity. Physical examination showed that grade Ⅱ SM could be heard between the second and third ribs of the left sternum. Echocardiography showed that the atrial septum was 20mm from the superior vena cava.

15. Preliminary consideration of diagnosis

A. I. Atrial septal defect

B. Primary atrial septal defect

C. mixed atrial septal defect

D. Inferior atrial septal defect

E. Superior atrial septal defect

16. The common typical ECG changes of this disease are as follows

A. Incomplete right bundle branch block

B. Incomplete left Cambodia branch block

C. Complete right bundle branch block

D. complete left bundle branch block

E. complete atrioventricular block

17. The common typical changes in the X-ray chest film of the disease are as follows

A. Increased pulmonary blood and left heart.

B. Increased pulmonary blood and enlarged right heart.

C. the blood in the lungs decreased, but the heart did not increase.

D. Decreased pulmonary blood and increased right heart.

E. Decreased pulmonary blood and increased left heart.

18. The appropriate treatment for this disease is

A. take medicine

B. Drug plus interventional therapy

C. interventional therapy

D. Interventional therapy+surgical repair

E. surgical repair

Correct answer: 15. e； 16.a； 17.b； 18.E

4. Type B questions: Here are several groups of questions. Each group of questions uses the five alternative answers listed before the question: A, B, C, D and E. Please choose an answer that is most closely related to the question, and black the box with the letter corresponding to the corresponding question number on the answer sheet. Alternative answers can be selected once, multiple times or none.

(19-20 * * with alternative answers)

A. the aortic node is funnel-shaped.

B. The apex of the heart is blunt and upward, and the pulmonary artery segment is straight or upward; Decreased hilar shadow

C the apex of the heart is blunt and round, the pulmonary artery segment is depressed, and the lung field is clear.

D. Aortic isthmus is depressed in the shape of "3".

E. the apex of the heart shifts to the lower left, and the pulmonary artery segment protrudes.

Answer A B C D E 19. The above X-ray findings are consistent with tetralogy of Fallot.

Answer A B C D E 20. The above X-ray findings are consistent with ventricular septal defect.

Correct answer: 19. c，20。 E