I think training and education is the most basic work and the most important means to improve the safety awareness of migrant workers. It can also be said that there is no other good way to improve employees' understanding of safety management except education. Educating employees, especially migrant workers, will not happen overnight. Entrance education is of course essential, but only by adhering to daily education, special education or regular education can we give full play to the role of education.
First, the three-level education is essential.
The Law on Safety in Production and relevant laws and regulations clearly stipulate that production and business operation entities should provide safety education and training to employees, so as to ensure that employees have the necessary knowledge of safety in production, be familiar with relevant safety rules and regulations and safety operation procedures, and master the safety operation skills of their posts. At the same time, all new employees are required to go through three levels of education. What our enterprise needs to do is that all personnel entering the construction site must receive education and training from the company (branch), the project department and the safety team, strictly stipulate the content and time of education at each level, and then conduct strict examinations or assessments before taking up their posts. Employees who have not passed the safety education or training examination are not allowed to work at their posts.
Second, daily education is not relaxed.
The safety education of the project department every Monday is one of the important means of daily education for migrant workers. At the same time, the project manager is the first person responsible for the safety production of this project, so he must pay attention to the safety production work and grasp the safety production situation on the construction site in time. Therefore, we require that "Monday safety education" must be organized and presided over by the project manager himself, and lectures will be given by the project manager, project production manager or project safety officer, including the summary and report of last week's work. Existing hidden dangers of accidents and rectification, analysis of work contents and existing risk factors this week, preventive measures and precautions, study of newly promulgated laws and regulations of the state, analysis of causes and lessons of safety accidents in other units or other places, and relevant knowledge of accident emergency rescue, etc. The safety officer of the project department shall fill in the education records in time, and timely transmit the video data of Monday's education to the enterprise management department for archiving.
Ten minutes before each shift, the monitor will organize, preside over and give lectures to explain the safety precautions of the class's homework, so that the content is comprehensive and concise and can be carried out indoors or on the working face. In short, the alarm goes off.
Third, special education is always unremitting.
The accident-prone periods are the initial stage of project construction, the final stage of completion, holidays (especially around the Spring Festival) and busy farming season. At this time, some of them have to go home and consider bringing some gifts for their wives and children. Some just came back from home, still thinking about the big and small things at home, and their thoughts fluctuated greatly. We should carry out targeted safety education for migrant workers according to specific conditions.
Fourth, adhere to the leadership responsibility system.
The organization attaches great importance to the importance of carrying out special safety training for migrant workers, and further emphasizes that safety is always the unshirkable responsibility of the top leaders. Leaders at all levels have clear guidance on the safety training of migrant workers entering the site. The project manager should also do the work himself.
Fifth, focus on targeted training.
We investigated the comprehensive safety quality of migrant workers who participated in the training. By analyzing the registration form filled out by the students, we can accurately grasp the problems that need to be solved urgently in safety education and distinguish the levels and priorities. There are not only emergency supplements, but also general improvement of adaptability, as well as forward-looking skill reserves, which not only highlight key points but also give consideration to all aspects, closely combine with actual needs, enhance pertinence, avoid blindness and improve effectiveness. In order to avoid the disconnection between the education and training content and the actual needs of students, and lose the guiding role for different types of students.
Sixth, enrich the training content.
Safety training for migrant workers must take the company's rules and regulations as the main training content. How to achieve "three no injuries" and how to implement the company's "ten no's" in personal safety are the key training contents. Starting from wearing safety helmets, we should not only teach them to wear safety helmets, but also teach them to tie the ropes of safety helmets, so that safety helmets can play a "safety" role, teach them to use safety protection articles and safety tools correctly, and how to avoid and reduce risks is also the key training content.
Starting from the needs of students to strengthen consciousness, master theory and improve skills, according to the psychological characteristics of adult learning, carefully arrange training plans, according to "what to do, what to learn; What to learn, what to teach ",scientifically design training content. The person in charge and management personnel shall be trained in safety awareness, management knowledge, production organization, advanced concepts, corporate culture, etc. For specific operators, it is necessary to highlight the training of post operation skills, process regulations, process parameters, what to know, raw material performance, safe operation and other contents. At the same time, in order to strengthen the laws and regulations and the training content that the post should know, it is necessary for all employees of the post to master it comprehensively, not only to know why, but also to know why, so that employees can truly realize the harm and serious consequences of violating the rules, thus improving the safety awareness and technical quality of all employees.
Seven, highlight the case analysis
We collected and sorted out some typical cases of recent safety accidents at home and abroad, selected typical cases suitable for trainees in the training, and analyzed their direct and indirect causes, the process of the accident, the consequences or losses caused, the emergency treatment and rescue of the accident, the handling of the responsible person, the lessons learned from it, and how to prevent and avoid similar accidents. And conduct targeted safety knowledge training for trainees. Case teaching, with case interpretation, can not only eliminate students' fear of learning safety knowledge theory, but also make them transfer from simple theoretical study to practical application as soon as possible, raise their vague perceptual knowledge of safety knowledge to rational knowledge, and let students truly understand that "all rules and regulations are stained with blood and cannot be verified with blood". Get twice the result with half the effort. When citing cases, we should also pay attention to practicality and operability, and mobilize students to actively participate together; When analyzing a case, we should give it a diagnosis, find out the reason, combine the theory we have learned, and then make a correct analysis according to the safety situation of the unit. The content of the case can be safety or a thought-provoking story, so long as it can inspire people with safety and further master the knowledge of safety theory learned through the case, so that the theory is not obscure and can be applied to actual safety operation, it can be adopted. At the same time, we should pay attention to the update of cases and the timeliness.
Eight, run night schools for migrant workers.
Night school for migrant workers is also an important training and education means in our safety management. Construction enterprises should specially compile night school textbooks for migrant workers, which can include knowledge of safety laws and regulations, safety technical knowledge, operating procedures and so on. The company or project department can use the rain to stop or at night to carry out systematic study and training. The project department can also prepare safety education books and CDs in the staff recreation room of the construction site, and organize everyone to study and watch them regularly and irregularly. At the construction site, migrant workers can always feel a strong safety production atmosphere and strengthen their awareness of safety production by using safety production bulletin boards, accident case warning pictures and eye-catching safety production signs.
Nine, create a propaganda atmosphere
Doing any work well is inseparable from publicity. In particular, to carry out safety training among farmers, we must first create a learning atmosphere, so that migrant workers can first know that safety is for themselves, and safety cannot be separated from the happiness of themselves and their families, not only for enterprises, but also for themselves. Only when propaganda work is in place and an atmosphere of consciously learning safety is created can migrant workers consciously receive safety training.
X. Seize training opportunities
Most migrant workers come from rural areas. If they continue to train, their learning endurance and understanding ability will be greatly reduced. In order to maintain the enthusiasm of migrant workers to learn safety regulations, we will break down the course into parts in time, make full use of the training before work, after work and in rainy days, and try not to take up the rest time of migrant workers. Before each process, they should be trained before operation, which can deepen their understanding of safety operation procedures and play a multiplier role.
XI。 Improve the level of teachers
There are many safety training contents, and the knowledge is updated quickly. As a safety training teacher, you must update your knowledge in time and have rich theoretical and practical knowledge. Therefore, to improve the quality of training, teachers' quality and skills must be improved. First of all, teachers should constantly update their knowledge, develop themselves and improve themselves. Conditional teachers should often go to the grass-roots level to practice, know the situation on the spot, and increase practical knowledge can help students solve practical problems and make them apply what they have learned. Secondly, the management department should systematically train teachers in a planned, purposeful and phased manner, provide teachers with opportunities to learn new knowledge, teaching theories and teaching methods, and improve their professional level. Third, we should carry forward and advocate teachers' dedication to their posts, so that teachers are full of enthusiasm for their work and love teaching. Fourth, invite and introduce high-quality teachers and safety experts to participate in teaching, improve the teaching level, draw the essence from it, and improve the overall level of teachers.
Twelve. Take diversified measures.
Due to the different education levels of migrant workers, the training must be simple and easy to understand, and the safety rules and regulations should be explained in popular language to avoid boring speakers and deaf listeners. In the way of training, we should post safety cartoons, hang safety warning slogans, and even carry out a series of simple and interesting ways and means to deepen our understanding and mastery of the safety system through video recording of accident cases, and tighten the mystery of safety with lessons.
Thirteen, innovative training methods
Training methods should be diversified, practical and flexible according to the different educated objects, so as to maximize the training effect. In the framework of the national safety supervision department syllabus, starting from the adult learning characteristics of migrant workers, innovative training and teaching methods. When imparting knowledge, teachers should pay attention to cultivating students' safety awareness and improving their skills, and avoid mechanically instilling knowledge according to the syllabus and textbooks. Training can be carried out in various forms, such as interactive teaching, hands-on thinking, collective discussion, combination of classroom and field, and organic combination of theory and case, so as to enhance the voice of safety training, ensure the quality of safety training and improve the training effect.
Fourteen, check the training effect
After the training, we take inspection measures to verify the effect of the training and adjust the training methods in time. Usually, we check the training effect by written test, but because some migrant workers have low educational level, it is difficult to write too many words, so our usual written test will not play a role, but to check the training effect. We adopt the method of combining oral examination with written examination. The exam is divided into two parts, the oral exam accounts for 70% and the simple written exam accounts for 30%. Check the training effect through written test and oral test. If it is found that the training effect cannot be achieved, the training method will be adjusted in time.