Answer:

1. Every minute counts. Immediately rescue with cardiopulmonary resuscitation on the spot, and stick to it. At the same time, contact the medical department as soon as possible and strive for medical personnel to take over the treatment. Before the medical staff come to take over the treatment, we should not give up the on-site rescue, let alone judge the death of the wounded and give up the rescue because there is no breathing and pulse. Only doctors have the right to diagnose the death of the wounded.

2. Insufficient power supply:

2. 1 To get an electric shock first aid, first of all, the person who gets an electric shock should be quickly separated from the power supply, and the sooner the better. Because the longer the current acts, the heavier the damage.

2.2 Disengage from the power supply is to disconnect the switches, circuit breakers or other circuit breakers of the live equipment contacted by the electric shock person; Or try to separate the electrocuted person from the live equipment. When there is a power failure, rescuers should not only save people, but also pay attention to protecting themselves.

2.3 Before the person who gets an electric shock is disconnected from the power supply, the ambulance personnel are not allowed to directly contact the wounded with their hands, because there is a danger of electric shock.

2.4 If the person who gets an electric shock is at a height, he will fall from a height after disconnecting the power supply. Therefore, preventive measures should be taken.

2.5 If the person who gets an electric shock touches the low-voltage charged equipment, the ambulance personnel should try to cut off the power supply quickly, such as turning on the power switch or circuit breaker and unplugging the power plug. Or use insulating tools, dry sticks, wooden boards, ropes and other non-conductive things to get rid of the electric shock; You can also grab the dry but not close-fitting clothes of the electric shock person and drag them away. Remember to avoid touching metal objects and the naked body of the person who gets an electric shock. You can also wear insulating gloves or wrap your hands with dry clothes to get rid of electric shock; Rescuers can also stand on insulating mats or dry wooden boards to insulate themselves for rescue.

2.5. 1 It is best to use one hand in order to get the electric shock person off the conductor.

2.5.2 If the current enters the ground through the person who gets an electric shock, the person who gets an electric shock will hold the wire tightly, and try to put dry wood under his body to isolate it from the ground, or use dry wood to cut the wire with an axe or pliers with insulating handle. Cut the thread in stages, one by one, and try to stand on insulation or dry board.

2.6 If the person who gets an electric shock touches the high-voltage live equipment, the ambulance personnel should quickly cut off the power supply, or use insulating tools and gloves (wearing insulating boots and insulating rods) suitable for the voltage level to rescue the person who gets an electric shock. Rescuers should pay attention to keeping a necessary safe distance from the surrounding live parts during rescue.

2.7 If an electric shock accident occurs on the overhead line tower, if the power supply of the low-voltage live line can be cut off immediately, it should be cut off quickly, or the ambulance personnel should quickly board the pole and fasten their seat belts, and then use wire cutters with insulating rubber handles, dry non-conductive objects or insulating objects to pull the electric shock victim away from the power supply; If it is a high-voltage live line, it is impossible to cut off the power switch quickly, and a short metal wire with sufficient cross section and appropriate length can be used to trip the power switch. Before throwing and hanging, one end of the short route should be fixed on the iron tower or grounding downlead, and the other end should be tied with heavy objects. However, when taking a short route, attention should be paid to prevent electric arc from hurting people or wire breakage from endangering personnel safety. No matter what level of voltage line the electric shock victim is on, rescuers should pay attention to prevent the possibility of falling from a height and touching other live lines again when disconnecting the power supply of the electric shock victim.

2.8 The person who gets an electric shock touches the charged high-voltage conductor that falls to the ground. Without confirming that the line has no electricity, the ambulance personnel shall not approach the range of 8 ~ 10m from the disconnection point before taking safety measures (such as wearing insulating boots or jumping near to get an electric shock) to prevent people from being injured by stepping voltage. After getting rid of the live conductor, immediately take the person who gets an electric shock to a place 8 ~ 10 meters away, and start the electric shock first aid. Only when it is confirmed that there is no electricity in the line, can the person who gets an electric shock leave the electric shock conductor and immediately carry out on-site first aid.

2.9 When rescuing electric shock victims, temporary lighting such as emergency lighting and emergency lights should be considered when removing the power supply. The new lighting should meet the requirements of fire and explosion prevention in the workplace. But this should not delay the removal of power and first aid.

3. The wounded from the power supply after processing:

3. 1 If the person who gets an electric shock is conscious, he should lie flat and observe closely. Don't stand or walk for a while.

3.2 If the electric shock victim loses consciousness, he/she should lie flat and ensure that the respiratory tract is unobstructed. Within 5 seconds, he/she should call the injured person or pat his/her shoulder to determine whether the injured person is unconscious. Don't shake the head of the wounded and don't call the wounded.

3.3 Need to rescue the wounded, should immediately adhere to the correct rescue, and try to contact the medical department to take over the treatment.

4. Measurement of respiration and heartbeat:

4. 1 If the electric shock victim loses consciousness, the breathing and heartbeat of the injured person should be judged by watching, listening and trying within 10s (see figure 1).

Figure 1 Look, listen and try

4. 1. 1 Look-see if there are ups and downs in the chest and abdomen of the wounded;

4. 1.2 Listen-put your ear close to the nose and mouth of the wounded and listen to the breathing;

4. 1.3 test-test whether there is expiratory airflow in the nose and mouth. Then gently test whether the carotid artery in the depression next to the Adam's apple on one side (left or right) has pulsation with both hands.

4.2 If the results of watching, listening and measuring show that there is no breathing or carotid pulse, it can be judged that the breathing heartbeat stops.

5. cardiopulmonary resuscitation

5. 1 When the person who gets an electric shock stops breathing and heartbeat, he should immediately carry out on-site rescue according to the three basic measures of cardiopulmonary resuscitation to support life.

5. 1. 1 airway patency;

5. 1.2 mouth-to-mouth (nose) artificial respiration;

5. 1.3 chest compressions (artificial circulation)

5.2 unobstructed airway:

5.2. 1 When the person who gets an electric shock stops breathing, make sure that the respiratory tract is unobstructed. If a foreign body is found in the mouth of the injured person, the body and head can be turned sideways at the same time, and the foreign body can be quickly inserted from the mouth with one finger or two fingers crossed. Care should be taken to prevent foreign bodies from being pushed deep into the throat during operation.

5.2.2 When the airway is unobstructed, chin lifting method can be used (see Figure 2). Put one hand on the forehead of the electrocuted person, lift the lower jaw with the fingers of the other hand, and push the head backwards with both hands, so that the tongue base will be lifted accordingly to make the airway unobstructed (see Figure 3 for judging whether the airway is unobstructed). It is forbidden to put pillows or other objects under the wounded's head and lift the head forward, which will aggravate the airway obstruction and reduce or even disappear the blood flow to the brain during chest compression.

Fig. 2 chin-lifting method

Fig. 3 Airway condition

(a) the airway is unobstructed; (b) airway obstruction

5.3 mouth-to-mouth (nasal) artificial respiration (see Figure 4):

5.3. 1 The ambulance personnel hold the nose of the wounded with the fingers of the hand placed on the forehead of the wounded while keeping the airway of the wounded unobstructed. After taking a deep breath, the ambulance personnel should give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation to the wounded. Under the condition of no air leakage, it should be blown twice continuously, each time1~1.5s. If the carotid artery still has no pulsation after two breaths, it can be judged that the heartbeat has stopped, and chest compressions should be performed immediately.

5.3.2 Except for the first two blows, the blowing volume of normal mouth-to-mouth (nose) breathing does not need to be too large, so as not to cause bloating. When blowing to relax, pay attention to the breathing movements of the wounded chest. If the resistance is large when blowing, it may be that the head is not tilted back enough and should be corrected in time.

5.3.3 If the electric shock victim grits his teeth, give him mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration. When blowing with mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration, the injured person's lips should be tightly closed to prevent air leakage.

Fig. 4 mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration

5.4 chest compressions

5.4. 1 Correct compression position is an important prerequisite to ensure the effect of chest compression. To determine the correct pressing position:

5.4. 1. 1 The index finger and middle finger of the right hand go up along the lower edge of the right rib arch of the electric shock victim, and find the midpoint of the joint between the rib and the sternum;

5.4. 1.2 Put two fingers together, with the middle finger at the center of the notch (the bottom of xiphoid process) and the index finger flat on the lower part of the sternum;

5.4. 1.3 The palm root of the other hand is next to the upper edge of the index finger and placed on the sternum, which is the correct pressing position (see Figure 5).

Figure 5 Correct pressing position

5.4.2 Correct pressing posture is the basic guarantee to achieve chest pressing effect. Correct pressing posture:

5.4.2. 1 Make the electrocuted person lie on his back in a flat and hard place, and the ambulance personnel stand or kneel on the shoulder of the electrocuted person. The rescuers' shoulders are located directly above the victim's sternum, their arms are straight, their elbow joints are fixed, their palms overlap, and their fingers tilt without touching the victim's chest wall;

5.4.2.2 takes the hip joint as the fulcrum and uses the gravity of the upper body to vertically lower the sternum of normal adults by 3 ~ 5 cm (children and thin people should lower it);

When the 5.4.2.3 is pressed to the required degree, it should be completely relaxed immediately, and the palm root of the rescuer should not leave the chest wall when relaxing (see Figure 6).

Fig. 6 Pressing posture and force application method

5.4.3 Pressing must be effective, and the effective sign is that the carotid pulse can be touched when pressing.

5.4.4 Working frequency:

5.4.4. 1 chest compressions should be carried out at a uniform speed, about 80 times per minute, and the time for each compression and relaxation is equal;

5.4.4.2's chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth (nose) artificial respiration are performed at the same time, and the rhythm is as follows: when a single person rescues, repeatedly press 15 times (15: 2) and then blow twice; When two people rescue, the other person will blow 1 time after pressing it for 5 times (5: 1), and repeat.

6. Re-judgment in the rescue process:

6. After1compressed air blowing 1min (equivalent to four cycles of 15: 2 compressed air blowing in single rescue), it is necessary to use the methods of seeing, listening and trying to re-judge whether the breathing and heartbeat of the wounded have recovered within 5 ~ 7s.

6.2 If it is determined that the carotid artery is pulsating but not breathing, chest compressions should be suspended, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration should be performed twice, and then air blowing should be performed once every 5s (i.e. 12 times per minute). If the pulse and breathing have not recovered, continue to insist on cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

6.3 In the process of rescue, the judgment shall be made every few minutes, and each judgment time shall not exceed 5 ~ 7s. Before the medical personnel take over the rescue, the on-site rescue personnel shall not give up the on-site rescue.

7. Movement and transfer of the wounded during rescue (see Figure 7):

7. 1 CPR should be performed on the spot, and for convenience, the wounded should not be moved at will. If it is really necessary to move, the rescue interruption time shall not exceed 30s.

7.2 When moving the wounded or taking the wounded to the hospital, the wounded should lie flat on the stretcher, and the back pad should be flat and hard. In the process of moving or being sent to the hospital, the rescue should be continued, and the person with cardiac arrest should continue to carry out cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and can't stop until the medical staff takes over the treatment.

7.3 Conditions should be created to pack broken borneol into plastic bags, wrap it in a hat shape on the head of the wounded, and expose the eyes, so as to reduce the brain temperature and strive for complete cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Figure 7 Moving the wounded

(a) ordinary stretchers; (b) Temporary stretchers and planks; Handling of errors

8. After the wounded get better:

8. 1 If the heartbeat and breathing of the rescued wounded have recovered, the operation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation can be suspended. However, in the early stage of heartbeat and respiratory recovery, it is possible to stop again, so it is necessary to closely monitor and not be paralyzed, and be ready to rescue again at any time.

8.2 After the initial recovery, if you are delirious, delirious or restless, you should try to calm the wounded.

9. Pole or high electric shock first aid:

9. 1 If someone gets an electric shock on a pole or high place, try to gain time to start rescue on the pole or high place as soon as possible. Rescuers should carry necessary tools, insulating tools and strong ropes with them when going up the mountain, and call for help in case of emergency.

9.2 The ambulance personnel should contact the wounded for rescue only after confirming that the person who gets an electric shock has been isolated from the power supply and there is no dangerous power supply within the safe distance of the environment involved by the ambulance personnel themselves, and should pay attention to preventing the possibility of falling from a height.

9.3 High rescue:

9.3. 1 The person who gets an electric shock should lie on his own safety belt (or lie flat in an appropriate place) after being out of power supply, and pay attention to keeping the airway of the injured person unobstructed.

9.3.2 Ambulancemen should quickly judge the reaction, breathing and circulation according to the provisions of Articles 3 and 4.

9.3.3 If the injured person stops breathing, immediately blow mouth-to-mouth (nose) twice, and then test the carotid artery. If there is pulsation, continue to blow every 5s. If the carotid artery is not beating, you can tap the precordial area twice with a hollow fist to make the heart beat again.

9.3.4 When an electric shock accident occurs at a height, in order to make the rescue more effective, the wounded should be sent to the ground as soon as possible. After the above measures are completed, the wounded should be sent to the ground by rope as shown in Figure 8 immediately, or take possible quick and effective measures to send them to the platform.

9.3.5 Blow the wounded from the mouth (nose) four times when they are sent to the ground from a height.

9.3.6 After the person who gets an electric shock is sent to the ground, he should immediately continue to adhere to the rescue method of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

10. drugs such as epinephrine should be used with caution in on-site electric shock rescue. If there is no necessary diagnostic equipment and sufficient guarantee, it shall not be used indiscriminately. When rescuing people who get an electric shock in a hospital, medical staff will diagnose them through medical instruments and equipment, and decide whether to adopt them according to the diagnosis results.