The terrain is a square plot of 80 meters *80 meters. There are 10 meter wide roads in the west, lakes in the south and hills in the north around the plot.

The building area is less than 2000 square meters.

Function:

Hall 100 m2

The exhibition hall is 200 square meters.

This lecture hall is 300 square meters.

The reading room is 200 square meters.

Large activity room 80 square meters *4 rooms.

Small activity room 20 square meters *8 rooms

Teahouse 60 square meters

Office 20 square meters *4

Requirements:

General plan * 1

Floor plan of each floor

Elevation *2

Section * 1

Perspective * 1

Self-defined proportion

Time 4 hours

—————————————————————

Generally speaking, the four-hour quick questions are simple buildings such as exhibition halls, activity centers and small salons without taking too complicated inner tubes.

The following is a summary of a quick exercise in architectural design in Tsinghua University:

I. About the choice of tools 1. Pencil 2. Drawing pen 3. Sketch pen 4. Marker 5. Sketch paper 6. Sulfuric paper 7. Other tools. Drinks

Second, the performance 1 training. Pen exercise 2. Perspective 3. One-point and two-point perspective 4. Marker exercise 5. Multi-color principle in color 6. There are many pen lines in perspective 7. The size of the viewing angle 8. Large drawing effect 9. Which is more important, performance or scheme 10? timetable

Iii. Training on programs 1. The ability of the program II. Basic concepts. Topic 4 of this year. Recommended bibliography 5. Training and preparation of the project. Practice in stages. Frequency 8. Tip 9. Question 4, about the examination process 1. Time allocation 2. Test 3. Design 4. Drawing 5. Brush thickness and blackening 6. The personality shown in Figure 7. Title and design description. Part of the details: The words quoted by the teacher came from a quick exercise organized by Tsinghua students one month before the exam, so I asked Mr. Zhu to explain a video (I saw it from others, so I can't upload it). Try to use the original words, and individual words use the general idea for memory reasons.

1. Tool selection 1. Pencil: 4-6b soft pencils are used to draw conceptual sketches. HB-2B's hard pencil is used to draw some control lines and details. 0.7 one in mechanical pencil. 2。 Drawing pen: Germany-made pigment liner and gray rod with thickness of 0.2-0.7 are recommended. The price of this commodity is moderate. The advantage is that the effect is faster, and it is not easy to erase the picture when you go to Mark. It is strongly not recommended to use the red ring once, because the water is too big and easy to rub. Also opposed is the red circle drawing stylus pen, the nib is metal, the water is slow, the line is often broken, and it is easy to scratch the paper. 3。 Sketch pen: stabilo is recommended. Regardless of thickness. Common colors such as red, blue, green and black. It can be used to draw a grid as big as an idea and as small as an axis. 4. castanets: castanets are faster and more effective. Of course, if skilled brothers and sisters choose colored lead or something. For students who are weak in color and marker skills, it is recommended to use the gray department. There should be layers from light gray to black. Green. Blue, mainly gray. Bright red, green, blue and rhubarb are only used to draw proportions. 5. Sketching: The design should be cut in advance and cut into your most convenient size. 6. Sulfuric acid paper: You can use white sulfuric acid paper, or slightly colored paper, which will have a background color. The painting of sulfuric acid paper is formal, and the painting of grass is wrinkled. Sulfuric acid paper is stronger than grass drawings and is not easy to break. Cut it into about 5 smaller sheets (it is not recommended to cut it into a standard size sheet for the convenience of changing paper) and mark it with a black border. One is to directly stick it on the 1 board with electrical tape. It can save the time of paper-cutting and mounting in the examination room. You know, every second in the examination room is crucial. 7. Other tools: large tool box, scale, rubber, knife, double-sided adhesive tape, transparent tape, electrical tape, triangle, 90 cm ruler tied to drawing board 1, circular template, arc board, red circle compass and red circle stylus. 8. Beverage: Two cans of Red Bull. It is recommended to drink less water in the examination room. Although it is convenient to go out, time is your own.

Second, the performance 1 training. Pen practice: mainly copying. Master a set of stylized expression techniques of pure pen first. Learn how to seek perspective and express perspective relationship. There are many books on this subject. The introduction of Zhong Xunzheng's "Architectural Painting Environmental Expression Techniques" and Peng Yigang's "Architectural Painting and Representation Diagram" is both systematic and detailed. Examples are also enduring masterpieces. In any case, it is far less than those ordinary people of the younger generation. Studying hard and copying for a few months will make great progress. 2. Perspective: There are two principles to express perspective: the image is large near and small far away, and the front and rear are blocked; the gray level is crowded before and after, and the same plane is dizzy. I believe that students who sketch well will understand it soon. Due to the limited level, I dare not say more. Abb Student Square, there is a Daniel named Innocent, a craftsman, who talks about painting with pen and ink. You can go and have a look. 3. One-point and two-point perspective: I personally suggest drawing a little. Cover the main elevation below, set the angle, and directly pull out the vein, with the same proportion of each part on the same side as the elevation. The advantage is faster molding. The disadvantage is that it is a bit old-fashioned and conservative, but it can guarantee completion. It is difficult to form a two-point perspective. If the strength is average or for stability, you can give up. There is also a painting method, one side of which has a relatively flat perspective and the other side has a steep perspective. Actually, it's mainly about showing a face. This is a somewhat distorted perspective.

4. marker practice: find some good examples. Still mainly copying. In fact, if you really want to improve your painting level, you still have to sketch. The representation of postgraduate entrance examination painting is different from pure painting, and time is limited, so we can't spend too much time on painting. Every time you copy a painting, you have to ask the master for criticism and guidance, and the progress will be faster. Unless you are a cross-major, I would recommend the Li Zhitao quick question of 100 case. I haven't found a book suitable for drawing the external perspective of markers in China, either it is too complicated and it takes several hours to draw other people's effects, or there are many indoor drawings. I used Design and Expression-Expression Techniques of Microphone Effect Diagram (written by Zhang Hanping, China Planning Press), Architectural Painting-Microphone Expression (written by Xia Keliang, Southeast University Press) and Advanced Course 2 of American Architectural Painting Expression (black cover 16). Master a set of stylized expression methods: plane color, vertical color and perspective color are all fixed. If you are a top player, you can be casual. "People, cars, trees and grass can remember it when they find it" (Zhu Wenyi). No matter what the plan is, we should use a set of expressions. It is suggested that different styles of expression should be chosen according to different architectural personalities. Personally, unless you are a very high master, the average person should leave some time and energy for himself. It's not easy to practice a set of performance techniques, so why torture yourself? After all, the big effect will not be too bad. I think most people will be satisfied if they can get a score of about 120 (the highest score this year is two books 130). 5. Multicolor principle: Don't use monochrome in most places, otherwise it will be too monotonous. For example, glass should not be blue. Several kinds of blue superposition are effective. Gray is also rich, only when several kinds are used at the same time. Because the time relationship depends largely on the pen line, coloring is just a refreshing. For students with weak color skills, it should be the right way to express clearly with the least and grayest colors. Of course, if you are a master of color, you can paint more brightly. 6. There are many pen lines in perspective: for example, there are many pen lines on the ground and environment. One way is to grid the ground and add a piece of water and a reflection. Almost there. The main purpose of landscape painting is to add several layers to set off the building. If you are a tree, there will be more marks and more pen lines. You may only have five minutes to draw a tree during the exam. The three levels should be clearly expressed. Dark foreground, rich middle scenes (buildings) and simple foreground are common modes. The more construction lines, the better, but the key points should be highlighted. Generally, the entrance should be regarded as a fun center, but pay attention to the time. 7. Dimensions of perspective view: It is recommended to draw a perspective view with a maximum size of 2. Too big, on the one hand, it is stupid; On the other hand, it is not easy to draw deeply, and it is also a waste of time. After all, the drawing time is proportional to the area. Many students can't finish the perspective painting, either because there is too little time for perspective; Either the painting is too big and complicated to close.

8. Large painting effect: "The depth of each painting should be consistent: it can't be painted on a very thin plane, and the cross section is only a few lines; Perspective painting is rich, but there is not a tree on the facade; Lack of drawings is the most taboo, and many points will be deducted "(Zhu Wenyi). The composition of the painting, as long as it is arranged, has a sense of integrity. It is best to squeeze it, not to pull it too loosely. Don't engage in meaningless composition juggling, wasting time and thankless. 9. Which is more important, performance or scheme? Personally, I think it's fifty-fifty. The grade determines the teacher's impression of you, and the plan is the foundation. The improvement of performance is much easier than the improvement of the scheme. As long as the method is proper and you have the guidance of a master, you can make rapid progress and become a master if you concentrate on practicing for four months and three hours a day. This scheme may have been studied for four years, but it is still a mess. The general situation is that those who perform poorly must have bad plans, while those who perform well may not have good plans.

Thirdly, the procedure of training.

1. program ability: This is a long and arduous task, otherwise we won't study for five years. The review time for postgraduate entrance examination is about ten months at most. It is impossible to fundamentally improve the program capacity within this period of time. However, after some systematic and scientific training, great progress can still be made.

2. Basic idea: "Quick questioning is based on basic skills, not innovation and creation" (Zhu Wenyi). Many people put too much emphasis on ideas, so they should do as little as possible in quick questions. Because many ideas have to sacrifice some functions and uses, and function is an important criterion for evaluating drawings. Of course, it is still encouraged to try to have ideas on the premise of satisfying the function. "If the most basic functions and structures are properly handled, it will be about 80 (full mark 100). If you want to get a higher score, you must reflect the character of the building "(Zhu Wenyi).

3. This year's theme: 4,800 square meters judge training center. The flat base looks trapezoidal on the surface. After all kinds of red lines are retired, the usable area is only 1440 square meters, which is an equilateral right triangle. All drawings should be mowing drawings or sulfuric acid paper, and the specified sheet is about 780× 540. This is a very conventional topic, which is not difficult for students in terms of architectural function and character, and it is not required that the building reflect some characteristics, but the foundation is slightly limited.

4. Recommended bibliography: richard meier, GMP, 0 1, the works of the Ministry of Construction in 2002 and 2003, and the latest architectural magazines published in China. , is established, orthodox and effective. Oppose to imitate the architectural images of Koolhaas, Hadid, Foster and most Japanese; Oppose deconstruction, post-modernism, high technology, and the latest wave of novelty; Oppose wriggling, falling apart and having too much fun; These may be useful for course design, but not for quick topic design.

5. Training and preparation of floor plan: According to the shape of the base, it is divided into several types, and each type is prepared with a set of floor plan and elevation. The common terrain is: (1) square; (2) The rectangular front door is on the long side; (3) The rectangular main entrance is on the short side; (4) The main entrance of the triangle is on the short side; (5) The main entrance of the triangle is on the hypotenuse; (6) The trapezoidal main entrance is at the upper bottom or the lower bottom; (7) The trapezoidal front door is at the waist; (8) Foreign land formed by the combination of the first seven. The orientation of the main entrance is emphasized because the plane and elevation treatment of the same piece of land with different entrance directions will be different. The practical way is to find these different terrains to practice. Tsinghua often tests slopes, and we should also be prepared for slope treatment. Because it is necessary to draw a little perspective, it is required to have a certain concave-convex relationship on the main elevation of drawing perspective. In fact, these eight kinds can be attributed to 2-3 kinds of plane and facade treatment. In other words, the prepared scheme should be flexible, adaptable and adjustable. I think the postgraduate entrance examination should pursue more questions and one solution. No matter how the topic changes, our plane and elevation can be slightly adjusted. You shouldn't consider multiple solutions to a problem, it takes too much time and energy. Due to equipment factors, several schemes I prepared cannot be uploaded. Some students will say, what should we do if we encounter problems like Tongji this year? First of all, Tsinghua is not Tongji, so he won't go too far. He still pays attention to students' ability to deal with general problems. If such a problem really occurs, you can only rely on your real design ability to deal with it. However, no matter how special the topic is, the basic problems of architecture will not change, and powerful people will never be buried.

6. Practice in stages: in the early stage: put the plan for a long time, adjust it smoothly, do it seriously, think deeply, and don't rush to draw pictures. After the scheme is completed, it will take a long time to draw according to the model, and you can learn while drawing. This will improve the scheme and performance. Later stage: Draw according to the eight-hour Caton time, and force yourself to improve the drawing speed. In other words, the early stage focuses on scheme and performance, and the later stage focuses on speed.

7. Frequency: It is more appropriate for people with poor foundation to practice once a week 1-2. Master, a * * * practices about four times. If you practice too much and too often, you will get tired. You can't learn anything over and over again; Accumulate for a period of time, practice once, and learn something new every time. Besides, there are three other doors to see. Every time I finish painting, I have to find teachers and brothers and sisters. If the promotion is not enough, you can break through yourself. Don't be self-righteous behind closed doors.

8. Techniques: Try to be concise, regular and geometric. "Try not to tilt or bend in form, not to be sharp, but to bend freely" (Zhu Wenyi). This is to reduce unnecessary problems in the plan, and it is definitely not to limit your own thinking. You know, you can make a great plan, like a square and a regular arc. "Frame structure is generally recommended" (Zhu Wenyi).

9. Topic types: museums, clubs, hotels, restaurants, teaching buildings, memorial halls, etc. Many of them are the types of topics that have been done in curriculum design. Each has its own specific requirements, so it is best to consider them all clearly to avoid serious injury. "You will not be allowed to build prisons, airports, hospitals, etc. There, students are inexperienced, or unconventional and too complicated "(Zhu Wenyi).

Fourth, about the examination process.

1. Time allocation: in sequence: scheme 1.5 hours-column grid axis 0.5 hours-first floor plane 40 minutes-main facade 0.5 hours-perspective view 2 hours-second and third floors 40 minutes. The maneuver time is 0.5 hours. Each cycle includes coloring time. Draw the main elevation and perspective first, because perspective is the most important besides the first floor plan, and if you draw perspective, you must draw the main elevation first (perspective can only be painted on the main elevation). After finishing these most important pictures, the psychological pressure can be reduced a lot, and then draw those relatively minor pictures in the rest of the time. This time allocation will be simulated in the later stage of program training. Put the time on the card, write down the time every time you draw a picture, and reflect on which pictures you have worked overtime after the completion of the whole set of pictures, and improve accordingly.

2. Examination: (1). Through the data required by the task book, after returning the red line, master the total construction area, the required area of each functional block, and the flexible free area; Green area and usable area of the base. It is estimated that several floors need to be made to meet the area requirements. (2) See clearly the architectural nature required by the task book, how many large functional blocks there are, and whether there are any special ones.

You are welcome to make more criticisms. I just talked to the dean who presided over the quick topic selection evaluation. I specifically talked about the judgment of failure. Comments on this subject are very loose. Anything that fails (90/ 150) is absolutely invisible. 1。 As long as the performance is passable, the plan is not particularly hurt. Give me a pass. People who fail are either poorly drawn or scarred. 2。 Tianda's evaluation of drawings is mainly to see students' potential and basic skills through drawings. Even if there is a problem of missing an elevation or section, it will only make the score less, but it will not fail. For example, we could have given 120, but we lacked a facade, so we gave 1 18. 3。 The plane was as moderate as possible and there were few serious injuries. If the facade has some ideas and full performance, it will be given above 120. 4。 Mainly examine basic skills, not creativity. If you can have a good idea without being seriously hurt, that is the highest score. If you are creative, but have a serious injury, your score will be lower. 5。 I only have one classmate who got 85, and his usual quick questions are not good at all. He did badly in the exam. In his own words, every painting is not drawn to the proper level. So I think, man, let's find the reason from ourselves. Don't talk nonsense about serious injustice. Maybe you did it well, but in the wrong way.

There are still a few words, all posted. Please correct me.

4. After drawing (1) and conceiving, it is necessary to make an axis column net as a formal plane shelf. (2), draw the first floor plane, 1: 200, the environment should be there, it is best to use the environment to squeeze out the building plane. Let the building and the surrounding environment be at different levels. This paper introduces the painting method of leaving blank inside the building and coloring the external environment of the building. Trees, grass, floor and water surface are all designed in advance, and the environment as a whole should be integrated to avoid dispersion. Emphasis should be placed on primary and secondary entrances. You can draw a black triangle and write: main door and secondary door. (3) The main elevation, 1: 200, is more detailed, because the perspective will use the main elevation, which is in a plane with the scenery to avoid being scattered. Pay attention to the layout hierarchy and outline. Heavy-colored markers in the shadows. (4) Perspective, which has been discussed before. (5) "The section should be clear, the parapet, the indoor and outdoor height difference must be clear, the relationship between beams and columns should be clear, and the elevation should be marked" (Zhu Wenyi). (6), analysis diagram, it is not necessary, unless there is a requirement or there is still time left. Our design level, the teacher saw at a glance, there is no need to analyze. (7), each picture should be completed at one time, don't draw a plane in the middle, just draw the facade, and it is very likely that you will miss something in the end. After each picture is finished, write the headline, the small print of the room and so on. 5. Brush thickness and blackening: Generally, floor and furniture are paved with 0.2 strokes, lines are made with 0.5 strokes, and thicker lines are made with 0.7 strokes, such as the outline of trees. The wall was painted black with a black marker. Although it is not black enough, it is faster than painting black with a thick needle pen. After all, time is of the essence. One problem is that when painting black, it is sometimes easy to paint the door to death. You can draw doors and windows first, and then draw wall lines, so that you can draw black and have boundaries.

6. Personality of painting performance: The painting effect is very important. When hundreds of drawings are hung together, the teacher will soon pass out. Therefore, the effect of drawing is directly related to whether the teacher will be more attentive. But everything should be measured, and the graphic expression with profound skills should be advocated. But against too personalized expression, too eye-catching. Teachers will watch too much, and the more faults they find, the worse. 7. Title and design description: Don't write your own weeds in the title. You'd better learn those well-behaved artistic words. You can type them out with a pencil (4cmX4cm) and write them in Gerry. The largest word is less than 4 cm square, the big one is stupid, and the small one is clever. Although teachers don't grade Chinese characters according to their quality, "words that can't be understood will really affect teachers' mood." "