Lack of awareness and cognition: Many users lack understanding of the concept and importance of DSM, and do not know how to achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction by changing the way or behavior of electricity consumption.

Technical and system limitations: DSM needs corresponding technical and system support, such as smart meters and energy-saving equipment. However, these technologies and systems may not be popular in some areas or have compatibility problems.

Financial obstacle: the implementation of DSM requires a certain amount of capital investment, including the purchase of smart meters and energy-saving equipment. This may be a heavy burden for some small enterprises or poor areas.

Imperfect policies and regulations: Although the state has issued a series of DSM-related policies and regulations, they are not perfect enough and have not been effectively implemented.

Insufficient incentive mechanism: for users, if there is not enough incentive mechanism, they may not be willing to change their electricity consumption patterns or behaviors. For example, some energy-saving equipment may have a large initial investment, but it can save energy costs in the long run. However, these devices may not get obvious returns in the short term.

Data privacy and security issues: DSM involves a large number of user data, and how to protect these data from being leaked or abused is an important issue. In addition, devices such as smart meters may also be at risk of being attacked by hackers.

To solve these difficulties, the government, power companies, users and other parties need to work together to strengthen publicity and education, improve policies and regulations, provide financial support, establish incentive mechanisms, and strengthen technology research and development and data protection measures.