1. Electron found: Thomson cathode ray, magnetic field deflection confirmed that the particles were charged, and the calculation showed that the charge-mass ratio was abnormal;

2. Determination of electron charge: Millikan oil drop, corrected by air viscosity coefficient;

3. Support the nuclear model/verify Rutherford formula: Gelger-Marsden experiment, determine the positive-negative ratio of particles after abnormal bombardment of gold foil and fix a certain amount;

4. Photoelectric effect was found: Hertz Leiden bottle discharge;

5. Verifying Bohr model: Hydrogen spectrum/hydrogen-like spectrum /Urey found that tritium/Frank-Hertz electrons bombarded mercury vapor;

6. Electron volatility: diffraction of Davisson-Gemmer electrons in crystals.

7. Fluctuation of light: Young's double-slit interference also shows uncertainty relation and superposition principle of states;

8. Quantization of atomic magnetic moment orientation/electron spin: Stern-Gerlach experiment, atomic beam passing through inhomogeneous magnetic field; Double-line structure of alkali metal spectrum; Abnormal Zeeman effect;

9.x-ray discovery: R? Gas discharge of ntgen cathode ray tube;

10.x-ray volatility: Derek-Urpin crystal diffraction;

1 1.x-ray particle properties: Compton scattering;

12. Nuclear phenomenon: Bekkerel discovered the radiation phenomenon of uranium; Madame Curie discovered polonium and radium;

13. Neutron discovery: chadwick;

14. nuclear fission: Hahn-Strassman bombarded uranium with neutrons to obtain intermediate elements;

15. artificial nuclear reaction: Rutherford? .