In that 1960s, American gradually realized that the liberation movement brought about by the civil war did not give African-Americans full equal citizenship. /kloc-In the late 20th century, the civil rights of African Americans were restricted by state and local laws and practices that discriminated against African Americans. In daily life, black Americans are often isolated, unable to go to school with whites, take the same public transportation and live in the same place. Black people can't fully participate in American social life. Even after a hundred years, they are still deprived of various rights like slaves. The improvement of their living standards is not completely commensurate with the development of the country. Therefore, the equality of black Americans has become a serious social problem.
Black voluntary groups, churches and other concerned groups from all walks of life in the United States joined forces to launch a civil rights movement. They urged Congress to pass strong laws to eliminate the last vestiges of racial segregation and discrimination in American society.
1963 On August 28th, the March for freedom of work held at Lincoln Memorial in Washington was an important milestone in the civil rights movement. The most inspiring thing that day was the speech made by Reverend Martin Luther King on behalf of the Southern Christian Leaders' Conference. A reporter pointed out that Kim Jong Il's speech was "full of symbols of Lincoln and Gandhi's spirit and the rhythm of the Bible". He is honest, strict and temperate; Publicly publicize-this is part of his basic philosophy-the path of non-violent reform; Kan Kan's statement is very convincing. In the 1960s and 1970s, the US Congress, the President and the courts removed all kinds of legal obstacles mentioned by King in his speech.
Mandra
Nelson Rolirala Mandela (1918 July18) was born in a big chieftain's family in transkei. He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of South Africa and the University of Witwatersrand, and is a qualified lawyer. Mandela had a distinct personality since childhood and revered national heroes. He is the eldest son of the family and is designated as the main heir. But he said: "I will never rule an oppressed tribe as a chief", but "devote myself to the cause of national liberation in the name of a soldier". He resolutely embarked on the road of pursuing national liberation. From 65438 to 0944, he participated in the African National Congress of South Africa. 1948 was elected as the national secretary of the ANC Youth League, and 1950 was appointed as the national chairman of the ANC Youth League. From 65438 to 0952, he successively served as the Executive Committee of the ANC, Chairman transvaal province and Vice Chairman of the National Committee. At the end of the same year, he successfully organized and led the "Movement against Unfair Laws" and won the respect of all blacks. To this end, the South African authorities twice banned him from attending public meetings.
1961June, mandela founded the ANC military organization "national spear" and served as commander-in-chief. 1962 In August, Mandela was arrested and imprisoned at the age of 43. The South African government sentenced him to five years in prison for political incitement and illegal border crossing. 1June, 964, accused of conspiracy to subvert and sentenced to life imprisonment. From then on, he began a long career behind bars. He suffered persecution and torture in prison for 27 years, but he remained loyal and unyielding. 1990 February 1 1 day, the South African authorities announced the unconditional release of Mandela under the pressure of public opinion at home and abroad. In March of the same year, he was appointed as the vice chairman by the National Executive Committee of the ANC and acted as the chairman. In July, 199 1 was elected chairman. 1In April 1994, the ANC won the first non-racial general election in South Africa. In May of the same year, Mandela became the first black president of South Africa. 19971997 In February, Mandela resigned as the chairman of the ANC and said that he would not participate in the presidential election in June. 1999. 1999 officially resigned in June.
His main works are: The road to freedom will not be smooth, Struggle is life, Universal Declaration of Freedom and autobiography The Road to Freedom is Long.
199 1 year, UNESCO awarded Mandela the Houphouet-Boigny Peace Prize. 1993 10 10 In October, the Nobel Peace Committee awarded him the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of his contribution to abolishing the racial discrimination policy in South Africa. In the same year, he was awarded the Philadelphia Medal of Freedom with then South African President De Klerk. Mandela visited the United States in September 1998 and won the "Congressional Gold Award" in the United States, becoming the first African to win the highest award in the United States. In August 2000, he was awarded the "Kama" medal by the Southern African Development Community in recognition of his outstanding contributions during his long-term struggle for freedom, the peaceful transition of old and new South Africa and his chairmanship of the Southern African Development Community.
1992 mandela and Winnie separated.1March 1996 19, the court ruled that mandela and Winnie divorced. Graca Machel, the current wife, is the widow of former Mozambican President Zamora. She married Mandela in July 1998.
1992 10 visited China for the first time, and was awarded an honorary doctorate in law by Peking University on 5th. 1In May 1999, President Mandela was invited to visit China. He is the first South African head of state to visit China.
You mean Mother Teresa!
There is a unit in the third volume of the college English textbook (Fudan Edition) that tells her story. She also won the Nobel Peace Prize of 1979.
This is a repost of her life:
Mother Teresa, formerly known as Agnes Gonxia Bojeshu, was born in an Albanian peasant family in Skopje, the capital of the former Yugoslavia, on August 27th, 2000. Her father is a grocer, and his family is not rich, but his father loves his mother and has close ties with his brothers. She grew up in a warm family life. The nature of kindness and fraternity fascinated her with charity. 1928 came to India and devoted himself to charity. Since the 1940s, she has carried out charitable work in India, helping orphans, the poor and the elderly, and established many schools, hospitals, shelters and orphanages in India and other countries.
1952, Teresa built a "hospice for the dying poor" next to an Indian temple, so that those poor people could enjoy the warmth of the world when they were dying. By the end of 1980s, about 30,000 terminally ill and homeless poor people had spent their last days in shelters. When the reporter asked if it was worthwhile to save these hopeless people, she couldn't even understand the meaning of the question, because it was out of tune with her outlook on life.
After that, Teresa began to consider treating leprosy patients. 1964 Pope Paul VI met Teresa during his visit to India and gave her a limousine of her own. Theresa later sold the car, built a building for leprosy patients with the proceeds from the auction, and trained some nursing staff, making it the only leprosy center in Petersburg, Calgary.
1979 The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Indian nun Teresa in recognition of her "work to overcome poverty". Mother Teresa said at the award ceremony: "I accept this award in the name of the poor." After evening prayers, she told reporters: "Greed-greed for power, greed for money and greed for fame are the biggest obstacles to peace in the world today." After winning the prize, Mother Teresa sold the medal and donated it to the poor and lepers with a prize of $654.38+$0.9 million, leaving no money for herself. 1992, UNESCO awarded Mother Teresa the Peace Education Award in recognition of her commitment to poverty alleviation, peace promotion and justice struggle. The charity she founded and led has set up 569 service centers in 120 countries, among which 3,500 nuns are serving.
1On September 5, 1997, Mother Teresa, a world-famous philanthropist and Nobel Peace Prize winner, died of a heart attack in Kolkata, India, at the age of 87. The Indian government held a grand state funeral for Mother Teresa on September 13. Mother Teresa's coffin, covered with the Indian flag, was placed on a gunboat carrying the bodies of Mahatma Gandhi and Nehru, the father of India, and slowly sailed to the Kolkata Gymnasium where the funeral mass was held. More than a million people of different religious beliefs followed the escort all the way, throwing flowers at the hearse and holding up her photo.
Mother Teresa devoted her life to the welfare of the poor and was deeply loved by people all over the world. She is known as "the embodiment of kindness and light". After the news of Mother Teresa's death spread, Calcutta was immersed in grief, and thousands of Indians bid farewell to Mother Teresa in tears. Today, her name has flown over Qian Shan and spread all over the world. She has won the love and respect of hundreds of millions of people with her sincere dedication to charity and spirit of facing difficulties, and is known as "the embodiment of kindness and light".