How do freshmen plan their careers? On this issue, I believe that the three factors that most aspiring students first consider are almost all:
1. Interest
2. Welfare benefits
3. Growth
There is no doubt that interest and growth are very, very important, but unfortunately, most graduates may have great doubts about these two points because they are inexperienced or don't know themselves well enough. The only factors that can be quantitatively analyzed are income and treatment. Of course, I don't deny that income and treatment are actually proportional to growth to a certain extent. After all, when water goes down and people go up, wages basically go up step by step, unless you make a major transformation. That's another story.
So what kind of industry has good job benefits? In my senior year, many seniors told me that the benefits of finance, real estate, IT, medical care, Internet, energy, automobiles and luxury goods are all better. In fact, after some online search and actual investigation, the results were roughly the same. But the problem is that only others told me at first, but I didn't think about why these industries can give more than the average salary. Combined with my experience in the private equity industry, I may have some answers of my own:
First of all, with the simplest logical reasoning, students who have studied basic accounting know that the goal of an enterprise is to maximize profits. As an indispensable part of management expenses, sales expenses and main business costs, employee compensation conflicts with this goal. Why do companies pay you more than others? Because the enterprise has enough profits, even if it is divided into 3-5% more profits, it can still guarantee high gross profit margin and even net interest rate.
From the perspective of economics and management, I personally think that nothing more than the following factors:
1. Monopoly is a policy factor, and the typical example is the energy enterprises in China. In fact, due to the particularity and scarcity of energy, not only domestic and foreign energy resources enterprises will be driven by various countries and governments, and they all have a certain monopoly nature. For a simple example, anyone who has studied chemical engineering knows that crude oil is the basic raw material of a national chemical industry and even many manufacturing enterprises. However, because the country monopolizes the supply of such raw materials, it can sell all kinds of crude oil products to fuel users and chemical products manufacturers at the so-called international oil price (because domestic production and imports are almost half, and even the contract price of imported crude oil, such as from Iran, is lower than the international oil price). This amount and the price difference are huge, which naturally leads to huge profits.
2. Business model, typical examples are Internet and IT. Everyone knows that Internet companies are typical economies of scale. To put it bluntly, the cost will hardly increase with the increase of users. A typical example is Tencent. Tencent's online game revenue has accounted for more than half. Why do online games make money?
Because, for example, Tencent agent or made a set of online games. The biggest investment is in this agency fee and research and development fee, and with the increase of online game participants, operators hardly need to invest other costs, so the more people play, the more natural profits will increase exponentially. The same is true of most online platforms, so the business model determines the speed and scale of making money. Of course, the innovation of business model is not only applicable to new industries, but also to traditional industries. Take the simplest example. In nine dragons paper, where waste paper is recycled, the raw material is recycled waste paper, not wood. Imagine that when you were in primary school, recycling waste newspapers was about 1 kg. When you were in college, the price hardly changed, and you wouldn't be unhappy. This feature leads to the cost of the business model of waste paper recycling can be maintained at a stable low level for a long time, unlike the annual price increase of timber forest land, which can naturally gain an advantage in cost.
3, technical barriers, which is actually the core of the manufacturing industry to obtain huge profits, typical industries are medicine, medical care and industries like military aircraft manufacturing. I don't think there is anything to say about this. Knowledge is power. If you have the opportunity to enter the core enterprises of medicine, medical treatment and high-tech manufacturing, although you are not a technician, you can still enjoy the benefits brought by market advantages. Of course, what needs to be reminded here is that technology is innovating and products are constantly changing. For example, pharmaceutical companies may face extinction once their ace drug patents expire. A better example is Kodak. Even though Daniel has many patents, the products are obsolete.
4. Brands, especially those with historical barriers, are typical industries such as luxury goods and consumer goods. Although as a very rational person, I don't agree to buy LV and Maotai, but the brand is really a terrible intangible asset, which was accumulated step by step through the hardships of predecessors. Everyone knows this, so let's not talk about it. But what I want to mention here is that many consumer goods companies will recruit management trainees. Personally, I think this position may be more suitable for those students who know what they want, because consumer goods is really a very tired industry. If you don't have enough enthusiasm and interest, you may have to think carefully.
To sum up, when you don't know which industry and enterprise to choose in the future, my suggestion is to analyze its present situation from the above angle, and of course the future is also very important!
For example, is it possible to relax the monopoly policy? For example, the banking industry now. Or is the business model sustainable? Wait a minute. Some simple letters are for reference only.