Sketch is a skill that can be learned, practiced and created.
Sketch feature
Shape folding
Proportion description:
Proportion usually refers to the relationship between the size, width and height of shapes between objects; In addition, proportion is also used in composition. For example, when you sketch a still life, you should pay attention to the relationship between the size of the picture occupied by all the still lives.
In the process of sketching, if you want to draw the shape accurately, you should pay attention to the proportion.
Several skills of grasping proportion;
1. aspect ratio: When you want to draw the position of an object, make a horizontal line running through the whole picture and see all the objects on this line.
2. Vertical ratio: Make a vertical line running through the picture and pay attention to all objects on this line.
3. Look at the real thing more and look at the picture less: In order to form the consciousness of observation, abandon the original concepts in the brain. Look at the object for 5 seconds, and look at the picture for 2 seconds. The eyes should repeatedly observe and compare between the picture and the object.
Generally speaking, it is to take a long-term view, look at the whole and compare more. It will be easier to think of these as warp and weft; Beginners should draw more auxiliary lines, and when they have a deep foundation, you will find that you will draw fewer and fewer auxiliary lines and imagine more and more auxiliary lines in your mind.
Pay attention to the proportional relationship skills in composition;
1. Generally, the painted objects account for about 80% of the picture and look full. There will be a detailed explanation about composition.
Character correlation ratio:
1. Three courts and five eyes: hairline-nasal base-chin is three courts, and the distances of these three sections are roughly equal; Ear root-outer corner-inner corner-inner corner-outer corner-ear root are five eyes, and the distance between them is almost the same.
2. Stand seven, sit five, squat three and a half times: an adult stands about seven heads long (stand seven), sits five heads long (sit five), and squats just three and a half heads (three heads).
3. The proportion of children's heads is large, generally three to four heads high when standing.
With open arms, the length between the two middle fingers is about equal to the height of the person.
5. The length of the arm is two ends long (underarm-elbow-wrist is one end long).
6. The palm is two-thirds of the length of the head.
7. When you raise your arm, your elbow is just above your head.
8. Shoulder width is two heads wide.
9. The sole of the foot has a long end.
10. Men's shoulders are wider than hip breadth's, and women's hips are wider than their shoulders.
There is still a lot to sum up and observe in life. These are standard body proportions, which can help beginners get started; It is also a guide for artists to create works of art, such as paintings and sculptures of heroes and role models. For example, Michelangelo's David is seven and a half heads tall. There are all kinds of people in real life, so we should observe them individually and grasp the characteristics when sketching characters.
Structural relationship folding
The form in sketch mainly refers to the appearance characteristics of objects, while the structure mainly refers to the internal structure and combination relationship of objects. Form and structure are the relationship between appearance and connotation. Structure is the internal basis of forming the appearance of an object image. Without understanding it, it is impossible to accurately grasp a series of appearance features of an object image.
In sketch, structure includes two aspects: one is anatomical structure or constituent structure; The second is the physical structure.
The anatomical relationship between human body and animal bones and muscles is anatomical structure. Familiarity with anatomy is the basis of role modeling. The internal composition frame of other objects and its composition relationship are called composition structure, which is the internal foundation of similar objects. Grasping the structural relationship of objects in painting mainly lies in reflecting their basic physical characteristics by surface, which is convenient for understanding and grasping the complex structural relationship and is conducive to shaping the image volume. The concept of structural materialization is called physical structure or geometric structure.
Stereo is a collection of faces, and it is the basic viewpoint of modern painting to express stereo and space. Therefore, the grasp of three-dimensional image in sketch usually begins with facets, which is a generalization of objects and shapes and an analysis of structures. The generalization of surface constitutes the three-dimensional framework of object image. Circular or nearly circular shapes can also be shaped by generalized surfaces. The square surface can more accurately grasp the overall relationship of the circle. The so-called modeling is to shape the three-dimensional image roughly and accurately.
Structural proportional folding
Modeling factors such as the structure and shape of objects are bound to be related to a certain scale in appearance, and different scale relationships are proportional.
The forms of any object are connected according to a certain proportion. When the scale changes, the shape of the object image changes. Therefore, the mistake of basic proportion will inevitably lead to the mistake of understanding and expressing the structure and shape. In the initial stage of sketch, the significance of proportion is particularly important, and the accuracy or inaccuracy of picture image is often caused by the correctness of proportion relationship.
The concept of proportion in sketch can also refer to the size relationship between objects and images; Proportional relationship between parts and whole, parts and parts in the same object; The light-dark ratio of hue, etc.
The observation of body proportion should not be a mechanical and rigid comparison, but should pay attention to the proportional relationship and perspective changes of three-dimensional objects at a certain angle. In comparison, we should pay attention to the proportion of objects and images, especially the proportion of large images and whole images, and should not stay in the proportion of local details. Beginners can get the accuracy of the basic proportion by means of tool measurement. With the improvement of observation ability, we should gradually abandon this method and pay attention to training the accuracy of observation ability through feeling, eyesight and comparison.
Perspective relation folding
The natural objects we see present a spatial phenomenon, that is, perspective phenomenon. Using scientific principles and methods, the perspective phenomenon is accurately shown on the screen, and its image, position and space feel are the same as the real scene, which is painting perspective.
In sketch, the application of perspective is to determine the depth of the object on the picture, that is, the spatial position of the object and its parts in the picture, which is the basic factor to express the three-dimensional effect of the object and create the spatial effect in painting. Therefore, the perspective rule is an important basis for realistic modeling, and mastering the basic principles of perspective is the basis for accurately observing and truly depicting the spatial relationship between objects and images.
Perspective is a complex science. Here are some simple introductions.
The position of the painter's eyes.
The line between the line of sight and the object image.
The range seen from a 60-degree perspective after a fixed viewpoint.
Looking straight ahead, the horizon is a horizontal line with the same height as the viewpoint. The relationship between the visual field and the image: see the bottom above the visual field, see the top below the visual field, and the visual field is in the middle of the object image, so you can't see the ground or the top.
Parallel perspective
When the plane in front of the figure is parallel to the picture, the perspective relationship of the object is Parallel perspective.
Parallel perspective can see at least one face, at most three. The body edges at right angles to the picture all disappear from the main point.
angular perspective
One side of the body is parallel to the ground, and its elevation forms a certain angle with the picture, which is called angular perspective. Angle perspective can see at least two faces, and the edges extending to the depth of the picture disappear at the left and right points respectively.
Light-dark relation folding
Light and shade is one of the basic elements of sketch, and it is also an important factor to describe the stereoscopic and spatial sense of objects and images.
Any object will show a certain relationship between light and shade under the irradiation of light. The intensity of the light source, the distance from the light source and the different illumination angles will make the image of the object show different brightness. Light is a prerequisite for the formation of light and shade of an object, and it is also an external factor for the change of light and shade of an object.
When an object is illuminated at a certain angle, it will produce two contrasting and interrelated light and dark systems: the light receiving part and the backlight part. The light and shade levels of an object can be summarized as three planes and five tones, which are connected into a unified whole with a certain color scale relationship, which is the basic law of light and shade change.
In a certain light, the change of light and shade is caused by the ups and downs and rotation of the body. Therefore, light and shade only belong to a specific physical structure at any time, and the tone change of light and shade is to show the ups and downs of the structure. Structure is an internal and essential factor, and light and shade is an external and concrete form; The physical structure needs to be represented by light and shade, and the relationship between light and shade reflects the inherent physical ups and downs and structural changes everywhere.
Light and shade are not only the three-dimensional sense of the image, but also the main factor to show the overall spatial effect in the picture. The treatment of light and dark levels and the contrast between reality and reality are the basic means to express five spatial relations and the overall atmosphere.
Sketch is the "door" of all plastic arts, and to some extent, plastic ability has become one of the criteria for judging the artistic level. When the level of painting is classified as a professional ability, a good painting ability should first be able to fully and comprehensively express the characteristics of things, rather than simply imitating objects or vague image experience. Good painting ability pursues the physical state and the unity of form and spirit, and is by no means an abstract image concept. You should know that the modeling of painting objects is only an indispensable carrier in creation. If the painter puts all his energy into it, it will lead to the lack of expressiveness of the object. Therefore, it is an indispensable ability for artistic expression and even artistic creation to grasp the essential characteristics of things, draw spirit from form and integrate form with spirit.
Sketch, as its name implies, is a way to describe objective things in a simple way, usually using monochrome strokes and points, lines and surfaces to shape the body. Literally, sketch can be understood as monochrome painting. Broadly speaking, it is an art form that reproduces things with lines, and it is by no means as narrow as pencil drawing we usually understand. In fact, the choice of sketching tools depends on the individual's painting ability and the needs of the object. Nowadays, the choice and exertion of personal wishes have been fully respected. The techniques of expression have also become more and more diverse.
Sketch is the only way in artistic creation practice, because good sketch training can gradually improve the painter's observation ability, imagination ability and expression ability. Sketch can be a sketch written by a master to express creative ideas, or it can be an independent artistic expression. An excellent sketch will never be inferior to any other painting in terms of aesthetic value and visual experience. The sketches of many masters at home and abroad are handed down from generation to generation. A form of painting that emphasizes lightness but not color, usually done in monochrome. Pay attention to structure and light and shade, and express three-dimensional artistic effect on two-dimensional plane with light and shade relationship.