The influence of 5g on operators' employees is now very mature. 5g has become the focus of attention, but at the same time, some people still don't know much about the use of 5G. The following 5G has an impact on operators' employees.
Influence of 5g on Operators 1 Do you still remember the arrival of 4G?
From the end of 20 13, 4G officially entered people's lives, and the speed of surfing the Internet and watching movies has been greatly improved. Mobile phones have now changed from semi-intelligent to smart phones, which are more and more convenient for people's lives.
From 2G to 3G and then to 4G, recall the changes in the network. How many generations of mobile phones have you changed? In retrospect, it feels like time flies. Ten years passed quickly. I think of the time when I discussed buying a mobile phone with my parents. I think I secretly played with my mobile phone in the classroom for the last qq. If you don't want to study, you secretly pick up your mobile phone and read e-books.
Since last year, the three major operators have begun to deploy 5G networks. China Unicom released the "5GNEXT" plan on August 18, and the first batch of 5G sites in Beijing were officially launched simultaneously, marking the beginning of the 5G era in the capital. China Unicom said that it will launch the trial commercialization of 5G on 20 19, and it will be officially commercialized in 2020.
The arrival of 5G will change people's lifestyle, but it also means that some people will lose their jobs and new jobs will appear. Vodafone puts forward the requirements of automatic optimization of network performance and fault prediction for 5G networks. In the 5G era, network operation and maintenance will be greatly affected due to new network architecture, brand-new network technology, diversified business applications and deployment of all-cloud devices. Because of these influences. As a result, the demand for 5G talents has also changed greatly. Let's first take a look at the changes brought by 5 G.
The arrival of 5G has brought us four changes: the frequency band and networking have become more and more complex, new technologies have brought the continuous rise of OPEX, the diversity of services has brought the complexity of management, and the end-to-end network has become a cloud. Due to these changes, the work requirements of the future 5G have also changed.
The first change is that the frequency band of the network and the frequency band and networking of the complex network become complicated.
In the foreseeable future, 2G, 3G, 4G and even 5G in the existing network will exist for a long time. Then this will cause many frequency bands in the network now, which will exist in the network for a long time. For example, 2G has 800 MHz and 900 MHz, including 1800 MHz, 3G has 2000MHz, including LTE2.3GHz and 2.6GHz, and 5G even has 3.5GHz, 4.8GHz and even millimeter waves. Then, the existing frequency bands in the current network will become very, very many, making the network more and more complex and the interference more and more serious.
In addition, the network will become more and more complex. With the deployment of 5G, there will be various macro stations, micro stations and light pole stations, including micro stations. Moreover, with the narrowing of the radius of the 5G network cell, our future sites will be mainly small stations and micro stations, and the proportion of macro stations will be greatly reduced. This shows that 5G makes our whole network, including networking, more and more complicated.
The second change is that OPEX is constantly rising due to new technologies.
OPEX is the operation and maintenance cost of our network. Various new technologies such as multi-sector will appear in the future network. Generally, our macro station has three sectors, and there may be six or more sectors in the future under some special strategies, including Massive MIMO, which is enhanced MIMO. The number of 5G antennas will reach 64T64R, and millimeter waves will even appear in the future 128T 128R.
Therefore, the whole network antenna will become very complicated. With the change of network technology, operators think that the cost of this piece will be higher and higher, that is, the so-called OPEX will continue to climb. The complex network makes the OPEX of operators keep rising, and the open/revenue ratio is as high as 70%.
The third change is the management complexity brought by business diversification.
We all know that 5G has three major application scenarios, including eMBB, uRLLC and mMTC. Take virtual reality as an example. Its speed is required to be above 1G, and its delay is required to be 10ms, which is a little lower than that of automatic driving. Therefore, in the future, different business scenarios in 5G will have different network requirements. Some services require low latency, some services require high bandwidth, and some services require large connections. Therefore, the complexity of our network management will become more and more prominent in the future.
The fourth change is the end-to-end network cloudization.
First, we saw five clouds in front of us, and then we found there were small clouds and big clouds. The cloud on the left is a local DC or an edge DC connected to the base station. The equipment inside is close to the base station or relatively low-end.
The cloud in the middle is called regional DC, which is located between the local DC and the two core cities on the right. Generally, it is on the bearing network of the whole city, mainly cloud NGC, which is the next generation core network of 5G. The two clouds on the far right are collectively called the core DC, that is, the core data center. It will place the upper business, operation and maintenance, operation and other related functions. No matter what kind of cloud it is, the infrastructure and architecture in each cloud are the same. That is, the layer of the underlying server plus the cloud operating system (red area).
Demand Analysis of 5G Talents
Starting from the life cycle of the whole network, from the planning and design of the previous network to the deployment of the later network, to the operation and maintenance of the later network, and then to the optimization of the later network, the whole end-to-end link. The division of work of 5G talents is actually the life cycle of the whole network.
The first post: there will be a network planning and design post in the early stage of the network, which is mainly responsible for the coverage capacity planning of wireless networks, including the planning of network parameters, core network parameters, wireless network and transmission network parameters, as well as the planning of software and hardware.
The second position is equipment maintenance. At the time of network planning and design, the current network will start large-scale construction, so at this time, the talents in this position are needed to play a role. For 5G, the deployment of 5G equipment maintenance equipment can be divided into two categories, one is CT and the other is IT. In 5G, the proportion of IT equipment will be higher and higher. For example, the core network, the SDN controller for transmission and the bottom layer of the wireless network CU are all based on the IT architecture. Therefore, future equipment maintenance will be divided into CT equipment deployment maintenance and IT equipment deployment maintenance.
The third position is business arrangement. Mainly responsible for the design of network architecture. The management and business arrangement of NFV is mainly responsible for the whole architecture design and the arrangement of future business deployment. For example, what services should be deployed in different networks, where services should be deployed, and the design of the whole network slice, how to design its slice for different services, and how to ensure the Qos of services. Compared with the previous 2G, 3G and 4G, this post is new.
The fourth position is automated operation and maintenance. Earlier, we also mentioned the 5G network, whose frequency band, networking and technology are becoming more and more complex. According to the traditional operation and maintenance mode, the OPEX of the network will inevitably become higher and higher. Therefore, this requires that the operation and maintenance of future 5G networks should be automated and intelligent. It is necessary for the future 5G network to realize intelligent operation based on AI and operation based on big data. At present, the industry is doing a lot of research.
The fifth position is business experience and optimization. There are many kinds of services in 5G, and different services have different requirements for network quality. For the future business deployment, people with special positions are needed to test and experience various businesses and give corresponding feedback. Finally, the service experience of the network is adjusted by optimizing the parameters. Similar to the current network optimization, but based on different services.
The sixth position is the solution. The solutions mentioned here are more for vertical industries. For example, what kind of network solutions should be provided for water meter companies, BMW companies and drone companies? We need solutions to do pre-demand research and analysis, and design solutions that meet customer needs on the basis of customer demand research and analysis.
The post ability requirements of 5G talents
Changes in the positions of 5G talents have also brought about changes in the capacity requirements of 5G talents. Broadly speaking, in addition to the requirements of traditional technical capabilities, what comprehensive capabilities should future 5G talents have?
The first is the basic ability, which requires the basic skills of mobile communication. Including the principle of wireless communication, signaling protocol.
The second is the ability of network planning and design. We also have this requirement for 4G engineers. Will be responsible for website planning and design, including network planning and design and parametric programming and design.
The third is the cloud capability of the network, including the NFV technology of the core network, the SDN technology of transmission, and our wireless CloudRAN technology. We find that the future 5G network will be end-to-end diversified, so its cloudization capability is also very important for future 5G talents.
The fourth is big data and AI technology. Why should this technology be included in the comprehensive ability requirements of our future 5G talents? Because we have analyzed the 5G network before, it will become more and more complicated. How to reduce this complexity and how to reduce the operation and maintenance costs of operators? That is to say, this requires future network engineers to have intelligent and automated operation and maintenance. Therefore, future engineers need to master data cleaning and mining, data analysis and modeling, machine learning, deep learning and even programming.
Finally, the ability of industry solutions. In the long run, the future 5G network will not only target our current consumers, but also our future vertical industries. Then for different vertical industries, the demand and requirements are different. For the future 5G talents, they can be familiar with the whole process of demand research, do corresponding demand research and analysis for different vertical industries, design the overall solution architecture according to customers' needs, and finally complete the development of solutions to meet customers' needs.
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The impact of 5g on operators' employees 2 The pressure of 5G investment should not be underestimated.
Because of the high bandwidth and low delay of 5G network, it is necessary to upgrade the existing transmission network, bearer network, access network and core network in all directions. At the same time, 5G will apply higher frequency bands, and the number of base stations will inevitably increase. Previously, Wei Leping, a telecom expert, once said that the number of base stations in 5G is at least 2-3 times that of 4G, and the upgrade of 5G network will bring tremendous pressure to operators, and Verizon's statement also confirmed this.
At the beginning of this month, the three major domestic operators obtained the license to use the 5G medium and low frequency test frequency, which means that the curtain of 5G commercialization has been slowly opened. In order to achieve the goal of commercialization in 2020, the three major operators are bound to build a large-scale 5G network this year.
Different from foreign operators, domestic operators assume more social responsibilities, and can expect a larger network construction scale and a larger investment scale. Take a 4G network as an example. According to the latest data released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the current network coverage rate has reached 95%. Imagine that it will be a big investment for a 5G network to reach such a coverage scale.
From this point of view, the three major domestic operators face greater investment pressure than other overseas operators. Then overseas operators have begun to adjust their organizational structure and optimize their staffing. Imagine whether domestic operators will do the same to cope with the huge investment of 5G.
Optimizing staffing is the only way.
In the process of transformation, any enterprise inevitably needs to optimize its organizational structure and personnel, and so do its operators.
Taking the three major domestic operators as an example, according to their 20 17 annual reports, by the end of 20 17, there were 284,000 employees of China Telecom, 465,000 employees of China Mobile and 253,000 employees of China Unicom. The number of employees is huge, and most of them are grassroots employees.
In the 5G era, with the introduction of artificial intelligence and the deepening of automation, it is foreseeable that many jobs in the future will not require too much manpower, and streamlining organizational structure and optimizing staffing will be the only way. For operators, in the face of such a general trend, how to avoid becoming an "optimized" part, the first task is to optimize their own knowledge structure.
Previously in & Spokesman T said, "The telecom industry is used to spending years developing and deploying routers, switches and other physical devices to deploy and operate its own network. Nowadays, this model is unsustainable, and operators need to change from hardware-based networks to software-based networks. Network virtualization can make the deployment of functions and services faster, more efficient and scalable, and the cost is low. "
In this regard, as early as 20 15, AT & amp； T In order to make full use of the network virtualization function (NFV) and realize the transformation from the traditional proprietary hardware system to the software-defined network (SDN), all its employees were retrained. Therefore, for people who operate the back end, they need to be proficient not only in hardware devices, but also in software and code, because the future 5G network is a software-defined network.
5G has three application scenarios. EMBB is well known to operators, but the business model is difficult to innovate in the short term. MMTC for massive IOT and uRLLC with high reliability and low latency have become brand-new and distinctive 5G services, which will also bring huge market opportunities. In fact, 5G will also look forward to potential vertical industry applications. At the same time, operators also hope to change the image of their pipeline companies through 5G.
Therefore, for front-end operators, it is necessary to go deep into the vertical industry, instead of simply selling cards and selling pipelines as before, exploring industry applications and becoming industry application experts. 5G is about to set off a wave of construction in China, and operators will undertake the heavy responsibility of construction. The construction of 5G network needs a lot of capital investment. It is foreseeable that with the upgrading of 5G networks, CAPEX will only increase, and operators can only cope with such a large investment by reducing OPEX.
The author believes that the three major operators are likely to streamline their personnel. How to avoid being "streamlined" requires operators to improve their knowledge structure to meet the challenges of digital transformation.
What is the concept of 5g's impact on operators' employees? The 5G era is the progress of science and technology, and it is also our life.
The 5G era has begun, and the development of the Internet era is really rapid. In 20 12, 4G mobile phones came out, and the 5G era is about to begin this year. Do you know what the concept of the 5G era is? In the 2G era, we can only use QQ to send messages on the keyboard. In the 3G era, we can already steal food and read novels on the Internet. Needless to say, the 4G era. In the past, the network delay of 4G was about 20ms, while that of 5G could reach the level of 1 ms ... This is the ultimate experience of the phrase "just a little finger".
Compared with 4 G, 5G can connect more devices in the same space ... I believe everyone has experienced it. In the crowded subway station, the network data of the mobile phone is particularly poor, and nothing can be brushed. This problem does not exist in the 5G era. 5G brings scientific and technological progress and promotes the further development of big data. Big data is a technology to digitize, record, summarize and analyze all behaviors. 5G communication has become the best carrier in the process of data collection and transmission, helping massive data to be transmitted from the client to the server for storage.
In the past, this action was realized through the optical fiber backbone network. With the blessing of 5G technology, some of them can be directly transmitted wirelessly, and the efficiency is greatly improved. Coordinate artificial intelligence. When the artificial intelligence needs abundant computing resources in the back end, the data stream is transmitted between the application front end and the computing back end through 5G to ensure the correct operation of the artificial intelligence. Think about your home network bandwidth. Sometimes when watching ultra-clear video, you can buffer for half a day and fast forward for half a day. With 5G, you can watch 4K videos without buffering.
● Delay, what is delay? When watching the news, did the anchor have any contact with the reporters on the spot? After the anchor finished speaking, the reporter didn't react for a long time, that is, the signal transmission delay was too great. With a little delay, many things that require extremely strict time difference can be realized. For example, if I remotely control a high-speed plane, it will hit a mountain in 5 seconds, and I will signal a turn. As a result, it took five seconds for the intermediate signal to come, and it was too late for the plane to receive the turn signal after five seconds. If the signal is transmitted at 5G, and the signal is transmitted at 0. 1 sec, there is still time for the plane to turn after receiving the signal.
For example, your current wireless router can only connect five devices. You have ten mobile phones connected to the Internet, and the connection capacity is not enough. If the connection capacity is too large, you can connect each of your socks to the Internet, so when you can't find the other sock, ask the sock in your hand-when the other sock is there, the other sock will react-in your pocket. These three characteristics can exert great energy in industry and life. Of course, you can also think about the changes, opportunities and challenges he has brought you-if there is no 4G network, would you watch live video on your mobile phone? Can we have a video chat?
If you think that 5G only makes our mobile phones surf the Internet faster, it is short-sighted. At present, in the C-end market, cloud games and AR/VR experience have obvious market development prospects. In the B-end market, supercomputing, autonomous driving, telemedicine, intelligent manufacturing, etc. They are all in-depth application scenarios of 5 G. In the future, 5 G will change our lives in all aspects. The Internet of Everything is a development trend of 5G, which makes our life more convenient and faster. We are waiting for the maturity of 5G technology and the popularization of 5G network, which will be our future life.