1. The principles and policies of fire control in China are: prevention first, combining prevention with fire fighting.
2, the general principles of fire fighting:
(1) early alarm, with little loss;
(2) Call the police while playing;
(3) first control, then put out the fire;
(4) Save people first, then save people;
(5) to prevent poisoning and suffocation;
(6) obey the command and don't panic;
3. Mastering the four meetings of fire safety work: reporting fire 1 19, using fire-fighting equipment, fighting the initial fire and organizing personnel evacuation.
4. Basic measures to prevent fire: control combustible materials, isolate combustion-supporting materials and eliminate fire sources.
5. Fires can be divided into five categories: flammable solid fire, flammable liquid fire, flammable gas fire, flammable metal fire and live equipment fire.
6. Four fire extinguishing methods: cooling fire extinguishing method, isolation fire extinguishing method, suffocation fire extinguishing method and suppression fire extinguishing method.
7. Seven main causes of fire:
(1) Careless use of fire in life;
(2) Children play with fire;
(3) smoking;
(4) arson;
(5) spontaneous combustion;
(6) Violation of safety operation procedures;
(7) Violation of safety regulations for electrical devices.
8. Four unfavorable factors affecting fire escape and self-help:
(1) hypoxia;
(2) high temperature;
(3) smoke and dust;
(4) toxic gases.
9, dry powder fire extinguisher (ABC) scope of use:
Can put out the following types of fires: the initial fire of general substances and the fire of liquid combustion; Gas burns and catches fire; Fire caused by live equipment.
10. Three elements of combustion: combustible, combustion-supporting substance and ignition source.
Chapter II Escape and Self-help
self-help
In case of fire, if all escape exits are blocked by fire, you should immediately return to the room and send a distress signal to the window with a flashlight or waving clothes to wait for rescue.
When the door can't escape from the fire, you can block the door with soaked bedding and clothes, splash water to cool down and call for help.
Don't jump off a building blindly, you can use evacuation stairs, balconies and downpipes. To escape and save yourself. You can also use a rope or tear sheets and quilts into strips and connect them into ropes, which are tied to fixed objects such as window frames, heating pipes and iron bars. , and protect the palm with towels, cloth, etc. And slide down the rope, or escape to the unlit floor out of danger.
Keep two for yourself.
Don't take the elevator in case of fire, but escape in the direction of the safety exit.
When you have to escape through thick smoke, you should try to wrap your body with soaked clothes, cover your nose and mouth and stay close to the ground. In case of fire, you can roll on the spot or cover the fire with thick clothes.
Escape from the fire 13 tactics
1, escape rehearsal, stay calm in times of crisis.
2. Be familiar with the environment and memorize the export.
3, channel exit, unimpeded.
4. Put out small fires for the benefit of others.
5. Stay calm, get a clear direction and evacuate quickly.
6, do not enter dangerous places, not greedy for property.
7, simple protection, cover your nose and crawl.
8. Make good use of the passage and don't enter the elevator.
9, slow down to escape, slide rope to save themselves.
10, shelter, insist on assistance.
1 1, slow down and throw, help.
12, the fire has burned you, don't run.
13, jumping off a building is skillful, although it is harmful to survival.
Chapter III Main Causes of Fires in Hotels and Entertainment Places
1. In order to use electricity temporarily, high-power electric heating equipment is connected to the original power supply line, which makes it overload for a long time, damages the insulation of the line and causes a fire.
2. The lack of maintenance or overhaul of the power supply line leads to the damage of the insulation layer of the line that has been used for a long time, resulting in leakage and short circuit. , thus causing a fire.
3. Connect the circuit with copper-aluminum wire, which may cause fire due to poor contact or long use time, high contact resistance, ignition or high contact temperature.
4. Poor contact between the plug and socket of the mobile lamp leads to fever, and the distance between the lighting lamp and combustible materials is too close, resulting in high temperature fire.
5. Ironing clothes with an electric iron, trimming hair styles with a hair dryer, and welding instruments and equipment with electric welding. Forget to cut off the power supply after use and put it on the combustible base; Or if the residual heat is not scattered after use, it will be put into the flammable packaging immediately, which may cause a fire due to excessive temperature.
6. People in entertainment places smoke at will and throw cigarette butts or matchsticks around, which is also the main cause of fire.
For example, on April 9, 1985,/kloc-0, the fire accident at Swan Hotel in Harbin was caused by an American lying in bed after drinking and smoking at night, causing 10 Chinese and foreign tourists to die and 7 injured, which not only caused huge economic losses, but also caused huge political influence.
7. People use electric heating equipment such as electric cups, electric stoves and electric mattresses for a long time, or forget to turn off the power switch, which is also easy to cause fire accidents.
8. Some fires are caused by the use of firecrackers, fireworks and other inflammable and explosive materials by the entertainment department in order to enhance the performance effect.
Chapter IV Basic Measures for Fire Prevention in Hotels and Entertainment Places
1. Keep away from flammable materials when using electric heating equipment in hotels and entertainment places. For example, an infrared heater is used, because its surface temperature is very high, and it is easy to cause fire when it is close to flammable substances.
2, the use of lighting lamps and lanterns to keep a certain distance with combustible substances. Otherwise, if the lamp clings to the board or other combustible materials, because the surface temperature of the bulb is very high, when the bulb contacts the combustible materials for a long time, it will lead to a fire. For example, the surface temperature of 60W incandescent lamp can reach135-180℃; The surface temperature of 100W incandescent lamp can reach 170-220℃.
3. When people iron clothes or trim their hair with a hair dryer, they should cut off the power supply in time after use and put it on a nonflammable base, and then store it after the waste heat is exhausted; Don't put it in the carton immediately after use, because the residual heat will ignite other combustible substances, which will cause a fire.
4. After people use electric soldering iron to repair electrical equipment, they should also unplug the power plug first, and then put it on a nonflammable base or cement floor. Don't put it on the floor or desk to prevent flammable materials such as the floor or desk from catching fire due to excessive temperature.
5. Guests staying in hotels and restaurants should try not to use electric heating appliances such as electric cups and electric mattresses. If it is really a physical need, you can ask the service staff first, use it after approval, and pay attention to nursing. The continuous use time of electric mattress is generally not more than 4 hours. Be careful not to use it secretly, let alone put the electric cup under the bed to boil water or cook, so as to avoid forgetting to turn off the power for a long time in case of emergency or going out to work, and the line will catch fire after the cup is dry.
6. After watching TV programs, turn off the TV power in time; Unplug the power when you leave the room.
7. Try not to smoke when participating in hotel entertainment activities; If you smoke, don't throw cigarette butts or matchsticks, but put them in an ashtray or spittoon. Because the surface temperature of cigarette butts is very high, which can generally reach 200-300℃ and the central temperature can reach 700-800℃, the ignition point of combustible materials is mostly below the surface temperature of cigarette butts, such as paper,130℃; Pine, 250℃. Therefore, it is very dangerous to throw cigarette butts or matchsticks.
8. Guests staying in the hotel should not smoke in bed, especially when they are drunk, in case cigarette butts fall on the bedding after falling asleep and cause a fire.
9. When the entertainment department needs actors to smoke because of the play, it should be managed by special personnel to prevent cigarette butts from being thrown on the curtain or set to cause fire.
10. It is forbidden to bring inflammable and explosive articles when participating in hotel entertainment activities. Because flammable and explosive materials, once they encounter an open flame, they will catch fire and explode. Flammable and explosive articles such as starting gun paper, firecrackers and fireworks used for performances in theaters and entertainment departments should be supervised by special personnel and kept away from flammable materials.
1 1. When candles are used for lighting in hotels and entertainment places, they should be kept away from combustible materials and fixed on nonflammable materials. People should not leave the scene. When people leave the scene temporarily, put out the candles to prevent them from burning to the end or causing fire accidents.
12, when installing electrical equipment, it must be installed according to the rated current, and it is not allowed to exceed the capacity.
Chapter V Fire Control Regulations
1. The Fire Prevention Law of People's Republic of China (PRC)1was promulgated on April 29th, 1998 and implemented on September 29th, 1998.
2. The Regulations on Fire Safety Management of Organs, Organizations, Enterprises and Institutions was promulgated on 200 110/9, and implemented on May 20021.
3. All units and individuals have the obligation to maintain fire safety, protect fire control facilities, prevent fire and report fire. Adult citizens of any unit have the obligation to participate in organized fire fighting work.
4. No unit or citizen may damage, misappropriate, dismantle or stop using fire control facilities and equipment without authorization; Do not bury or occupy fire hydrants; Shall not occupy the fire spacing; Don't block the fire escape.
5. All units and citizens shall abide by the laws and regulations on fire control, implement the fire control policy of putting prevention first and combining fire prevention with fire prevention, perform fire control duties and ensure fire control safety.