The standard of vocational skill level is connected with the teaching standard of vocational education at all levels. This docking is determined by the relationship between academic qualifications and vocational skill level certificates. Different levels of vocational skill standards should correspond to the training objectives of vocational education at different educational levels and the learning objectives of professional core courses, so as to maintain the consistency between training objectives and teaching requirements.
The training content of the "X" certificate is integrated with the curriculum content of the professional training program. The vocational skills training of X-certificate is not to design a set of training system and curriculum system independent of professional teaching, but to organically integrate its training content into the training scheme of academic education professionals. Professional courses can cover the contents of X-certificate vocational skills training, and X-certificate training is not set up separately; Through the vocational skills training module, the training content not covered by professional courses is supplemented, strengthened and expanded.
The training process of "X" certificate and the teaching process of academic education specialty are organized and implemented simultaneously. Because of the organic integration of X-certificate training content and professional courses of academic education, X-certificate training and professional teaching can arrange teaching content, practice place, organization form, teaching time and teachers as a whole, so as to realize the integration of X-certificate training and professional teaching process.
"X" certificate vocational skills assessment and academic education professional course examination are arranged as a whole, and the assessment is synchronized. The correspondence between vocational skill level standards and professional teaching standards, the integration of X-certificate training content and academic education professional courses, and the overall arrangement of training process and professional teaching process have laid the foundation for the overall arrangement and synchronous examination evaluation of X-certificate vocational skill assessment and academic education professional courses.
Academic certificate and vocational skill level certificate reflect the mutual transformation of learning achievements. Students who have obtained academic certificates may be exempted from taking the corresponding vocational skill level certificate examination. Students who have obtained the vocational skill level certificate can exchange academic education credits according to the regulations, and are exempted from taking corresponding courses or modules. The exchange of diploma and vocational skill grade certificate has laid a foundation for the construction of national qualification framework.
Because the vocational skill level certificate is implemented in colleges and universities, it includes vocational skill level certificates implemented in secondary vocational schools, higher vocational schools at junior college level and undergraduate colleges within the academic system. Therefore, the level of vocational skills needs to be divided from the dimensions of academic level, post level and ability maturity. The vocational skill level certificate is ultimately to meet the employment needs of enterprises and individuals, which is conducive to the evaluation of the quality of employees' work tasks by employers and to the personal growth of employees.
1X to promote the deepening reform of vocational colleges.
"1+X certificate system" is a basic system in the construction of national vocational education system, and it is also a major institutional innovation in the construction of China's characteristic vocational education development model. The implementation of "1+X certificate system" will certainly promote the reform of vocational colleges.
First, the implementation of the "1+X certificate system" is conducive to further improving the vocational education and training system, which will strongly promote vocational colleges to pay equal attention to academic education and training, deepen the reform of talent training mode and evaluation mode, and better serve economic and social development. It will also stimulate the endogenous motivation of social forces to participate in vocational education and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of social forces to hold vocational education, which is conducive to promoting the integration of production and education, the continuous enrichment and improvement of the school-enterprise cooperation mechanism, and forming a diversified school-running pattern of vocational education.
Second, the "1+X certificate system" comprehensively evaluates academic credentials and vocational skill level certificates, vocational skill level standards and professional teaching standards, practical training content and professional teaching content, skill assessment and course examination, which is beneficial for colleges and universities to integrate new technologies, new processes, new norms and new requirements into the talent training process in time, and will force colleges and universities to actively adapt to the new trend of scientific and technological development and the new demand of the job market and continuously deepen the reform of "three religions".
Third, the "1+X certificate system" has realized that the vocational skill level standard, the development of teaching materials and learning resources, the examination and certification are carried out by the third party, and the separation of teaching and examination is conducive to objectively evaluating talents and scientifically evaluating the quality of running vocational colleges.
Fourthly, the "1+X certificate system" will inevitably bring about changes in the education and teaching management mode, and personnel training modes and teaching management systems such as modular teaching, credit system and flexible academic system will certainly appear in the pilot work. These new changes are bound to have a great challenge and influence on the current running mode of vocational education and the management mode of education and teaching. How to deal with the influence of "1+X certificate system" is a major issue facing higher vocational colleges.
How to realize the socialization mechanism of 1X
According to the relevant requirements of Article 20 of Vocational Education, training and evaluation institutions are open to the public for recruitment and selection, rather than being entrusted by the education administrative department, its subordinate institutions or specific institutions to undertake corresponding functions. Training and evaluation institutions should be socialized, be fully responsible for the quality and reputation of certificates, and bear corresponding legal responsibilities, and have the status of independent legal persons.
Therefore, the training and evaluation institution should be a multi-functional institution integrating the attributes of industry organizations, educational institutions and evaluation institutions. Through the announcement of recruitment to the society, the social evaluation institutions will declare independently, screen out training evaluation institutions that can develop vocational skill level standards, teaching materials and teaching resources, build assessment sites and implement assessment and certification, and establish a list of training evaluation institutions and vocational skill level certificates. This is a brand-new operating mechanism of vocational skill certificate management system, which has the following characteristics:
Open recruitment and selection of training and evaluation institutions to the public, as long as the relevant conditions are met, social evaluation institutions can declare independently; As long as the training and evaluation institutions have sufficient reasons to prove that the developed vocational skill level certificate is necessary, feasible and widely recognized by the society, the training and evaluation institutions can apply to enter the catalogue list through the selection process and independently carry out the examination and certification work.
So strong. The recruitment and selection of training evaluation institutions follow the principles of non-exclusiveness and competitiveness. An institution can develop multiple vocational skill level certificates, and a vocational skill level certificate can also be developed by multiple institutions or jointly developed. Training evaluation institutions and certificates are not exclusive, and multiple institutions compete for the survival of the fittest in a fair environment. The competition mechanism also determines that the training and evaluation institution must be a market subject with legal person qualification and free competition.
Autonomy. Whether the vocational skill level certificate developed by training and evaluation institutions is recognized by the society is decided by the employer, the students and the school. Vocational skill level certificate cannot be used as a condition for students to graduate, nor can it be used as a qualification for employment. The training and evaluation institutions and the vocational skill grade certificates developed by them shall be independently selected by employers, students and institutions.
Dynamic. Science, technology, industry and production are constantly changing, the standards of vocational skill levels should be constantly updated, the vocational skill level certificates should be constantly adjusted, and the training and evaluation institutions must be constantly replaced. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a training evaluation institution and its vocational skill level certificate list system, and implement a dynamic adjustment and withdrawal mechanism. The forms of withdrawal include active withdrawal, natural withdrawal and forced withdrawal. Voluntary withdrawal refers to the voluntary withdrawal of training and evaluation institutions; Natural withdrawal means that the certificate of the training and evaluation institution is not high in gold content and needs to be withdrawn after evaluation; Forced withdrawal is aimed at illegal or fraudulent organizations, and the training evaluation organizations that are forced to withdraw will be blacklisted.
While establishing a socialized mechanism and giving full play to the role of market players, we should also give full play to the role of the government. The role of the government includes providing a good institutional environment, and it is also reflected in establishing and improving the supervision and management mechanism, making the "1+X certificate system" mature, supporting the reform of vocational education, and then supporting industrial innovation and development.