Specific content:
In the whole development process, we should pay attention to people's livelihood, protect people's livelihood and improve people's livelihood, so that the fruits of reform and development can benefit the broad masses of the people more and more fairly, and let the people have more sense of gain in building and enjoying development.
"This is a prudent and professional report, which embodies the general tone of striving for stability." Gao Peiyong, director of the Institute of Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, commented on this year's budget report.
The budget report, known as the "national account book", is related to the country's "money bag" and people's livelihood and well-being, and has attracted the attention of deputies. What new trends have been revealed in this year's "National Account Book"? Our central kitchen "Spicy Finance" studio interviewed experts.
What should be reduced should be reduced:
Release water and raise fish to reduce costs
"Cost reduction is an important measure to promote supply-side structural reform, and it is also an urgent requirement for the current development of the real economy." Kang Jia, chief economist of Huaxia Institute of New Supply Economics, said that the focus of active fiscal policy this year is still to vigorously implement tax reduction and fee reduction to further reduce the burden on enterprises.
Specific tax reduction policies include: improving the pilot policy of camp reform and releasing greater tax reduction effect; The upper limit of annual taxable income of small and micro enterprises enjoying the preferential treatment of halving enterprise income tax will be raised from 300,000 yuan to 500,000 yuan. The implementation of the above tax policy will reduce the corporate tax burden by about 350 billion yuan.
"With the focus on reducing the cost of enterprises, it is necessary to vigorously remove all kinds of hidden costs in the operation of the real economy on the basis of improving the existing tax reduction policies, especially to clean up unreasonable charging items and truly reduce the burden on enterprises." Konka believes.
Specific measures to reduce fees include: canceling or stopping 35 administrative fees charged by the central government for enterprises, and reducing the fees by more than half; Further clean up and standardize business service charges, and appropriately reduce the proportion of "five insurances and one gold". The implementation of the above fee reduction policy will reduce the fees charged by enterprises by about 200 billion yuan throughout the year.
Flowers need flowers;
Guarantee the bottom line of people's livelihood
"Expanding the scale of expenditure is the proper meaning of a proactive fiscal policy." Liu Shangxi, president of the China Academy of Fiscal Science, said that this year's "national ledger" is further tilted towards difficult areas and grassroots units in terms of financial arrangements, so as to give better play to the efficiency of the use of fiscal funds and enhance financial support for basic public services.
Expenditure priorities: First, give priority to supporting supply-side structural reforms; Second, the effective demand is moderately expanded; The third is to increase investment in key areas such as basic living security, poverty alleviation, agriculture and ecological environment protection.
In terms of poverty alleviation, the central government arranged to subsidize local special poverty alleviation funds of 86 1 100 million yuan, an increase of 20 billion yuan or 30.3% over the previous year, which was used to support the implementation of the basic strategy of precision poverty alleviation and precision poverty alleviation.
Continue to give priority to the development of education. In 20 17, China will continue to carry out the reform of weak schools and focus on solving the outstanding problems in the development of rural compulsory education. Starting from this spring semester, the policy of "two exemptions and one subsidy" for urban and rural compulsory education students will be unified, and the "two exemptions and one subsidy" and the benchmark quota of public funds per student can be carried with students.
In terms of health care, the financial subsidy and individual payment standard of basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents have been raised to 30 yuan, reaching 450 yuan per person per year and 180 yuan respectively. The annual per capita financial subsidy standard for basic public health services has been raised from 45 yuan to 50 yuan.
In addition, the state will continue to increase the scale of phased financial subsidies, co-ordinate transfer payments such as county-level basic financial security mechanisms, increase support for resource-based and financially difficult areas, and grasp the bottom line of ensuring basic people's livelihood.
Major provinces in this province:
Save money, enrich the people and improve efficiency
In the case of limited financial resources of the government, it is necessary to reduce taxes and fees on a large scale to ensure that the financial expenditure is not reduced. where is the money to come from?
"In 20 17, China's fiscal deficit ratio remained at 3%, without further increase, indicating that the government paid more attention to and effectively prevented financial risks." Gao Peiyong said.
Although the deficit ratio is the same as last year, due to the expansion of the economic aggregate, the deficit this year is 2.38 trillion yuan, an increase of 200 billion yuan over 216. The new financial resources of 200 billion yuan have created conditions for increasing expenditure in key areas.
"The contradiction between fiscal revenue and expenditure is still outstanding this year. To make good use of limited financial funds, we must focus on optimizing the expenditure structure and solving the solidified pattern of only reducing expenditure items. " Liu Shangxi believes that it is necessary to break the inherent interest pattern of the department from the institutional mechanism and apply good steel to the cutting edge.
In order to improve the effectiveness and accuracy of expenditure, this year's "national ledger" reduced budget arrangements or stopped arranging low-performance projects.
Revitalize the existing funds, awaken the "sleeping" funds before, and let the financial funds play a greater role. Revitalizing the stock of financial funds is mainly to use some surplus funds deposited in the accounts to better improve the efficiency of the use of financial funds.
Still saved a lot of money, reduced general expenses, and saved the people. In 20 17, the finance will continue to reduce the general expenditures of government departments such as "three public funds" and free up more financial resources to invest in areas such as people's livelihood.
The central departments take the lead in living a tight life and vigorously adjust and reduce the general expenditures of the central level, mainly including: First, continue to strictly control the "three public" budgets in accordance with the principle of only reducing and not increasing. Reduce conference fees, training fees, publicity fees, consulting fees, soft project funds, enterprise-related subsidies and other expenses. The second is to reduce the expenditure on non-rigid and non-key projects by not less than 5%. Third, no budget will be arranged for projects that have achieved the policy objectives; Re-approve the budget for implementing projects with changed environment.
At the same time, it requires and guides local finance to do a good job in reducing general expenditures and resolutely oppose extravagance and waste. Our reporter Li Lihui.