National professional standard for stenographers
1. Career profile
1. 1 professional name: stenographer
1.2 occupation definition: a person who uses quick recording equipment to collect voice information in real time and generate electronic texts.
1.3 occupational level: there are three occupational levels, namely: stenographer (national vocational qualification level 5) 140 words/minute, stenographer (national vocational qualification level 4) 180 words/minute, and senior stenographer (national vocational qualification level 3) 220 words/minute.
1.4 occupational environment: indoor, normal temperature, low noise.
1.5 professional ability characteristics: accurate listening and discrimination, sensitive reflection, keen observation, flexible and coordinated operation with both hands.
1.6 basic education level: graduated from high school (or equivalent).
1.7 training requirements
1.7. 1 training period: full-time vocational school education, determined according to its training objectives and teaching plan. Upgrade training period: the speed recorder shall not be less than 360 standard hours; The speed recorder shall not be less than 540 standard hours; Senior stenographer shall have at least 400 standard hours.
1.7.2 training teachers: teachers who train stenographers should have the professional qualification certificate of senior stenographers in this major or the professional technical post qualification of intermediate or above in related majors; Teachers who train stenographers should have more than one year's professional qualification certificate for senior stenographers in this major or intermediate and above professional and technical positions in related majors; Teachers who train senior stenographers should have more than two years' professional qualification certificates for senior stenographers, and have the qualifications for intermediate and above professional and technical positions in related majors.
1.7.3 Training venue equipment: a standard classroom meeting the teaching needs and a computer room with quick recording equipment.
1.8 identification requirements
1.8. 1 Applicable object: people who are engaged in or ready to engage in this profession.
1.8.2 application conditions:-speed recorder (with one of the following conditions) ① After the formal training of speed recorders in this major, they have reached the required standard hours and obtained a certificate of completion. (2) have been engaged in this occupation for more than two years. (3) Obtain the vocational graduation certificate of the secondary vocational school with intermediate skills as the training goal. -stenographer (who meets one of the following conditions) ① After obtaining the professional qualification certificate of stenographer, he has been engaged in this profession for more than 2 years continuously, and has been trained as a stenographer to reach the required standard hours and obtained a certificate of completion. (2) have been engaged in this occupation for more than 3 years. (3) Have a college degree or above in this major or related major, and have been engaged in this major for more than 1 year. -senior stenographer (meeting one of the following conditions) ① After obtaining the professional qualification certificate of stenographer of this major, he has been engaged in this major for more than 2 years continuously, and has been trained by the senior stenographer of this major to reach the required standard hours, and has obtained the certificate of completion. (2) have worked continuously in this occupation for more than 5 years. (3) have a college degree or above in this major or related major, and have been engaged in this occupation for more than two years.
1.8.3 assessment method: divided into theoretical knowledge examination and skill operation examination. The theoretical knowledge test adopts the closed-book written test method, and the skill operation test adopts the on-site practical operation method. Both the theoretical knowledge test and the skill operation test adopt a percentage system, and more than 60 points are qualified.
1.8.4 ratio of examiners to candidates The ratio of examiners to candidates in the theoretical knowledge test is 1: 30, and there are not less than 2 examiners in each standard classroom; The ratio of examiners to candidates in the skill operation examination is 1: 10, with no less than 2 examiners.
1.8.5 assessment time: the theoretical knowledge examination time is 90min；; The skill operation assessment time is 90 minutes.
1.8.6 The theoretical knowledge test of the equipment in the appraisal site is conducted in the standard classroom; The skill operation examination is conducted in the computer room with quick recording equipment.
2. Basic requirements
2. 1 professional ethics
2. 1. 1 Basic knowledge of professional ethics
2. 1.2 professional code ① observe discipline and keep secrets. (2) Seeking truth from facts and stressing practical results. (3) Be loyal to their duties and be modest and prudent. (4) unite and cooperate, and take good care of the equipment. (5) Love and dedication, selfless dedication. ⑥ Warm service and respect for intellectual property rights. ⑦ Study the business and keep innovating.
2.2 Basic knowledge
2.2. 1 quick recording knowledge ① basic knowledge of quick recording. ② Application knowledge of quick recording. ③ Basic knowledge of speed recorder. ④ Basic knowledge of operation and maintenance of speed recorder.
2.2.2 Basic knowledge of modern Chinese ① Basic knowledge of phonetics. ② Standardize the knowledge of Chinese characters. ③ Standardized knowledge of vocabulary. ④ knowledge of punctuation marks. ⑤ Grammar, rhetoric and related knowledge.
2.2.3 Basic computer knowledge ① Basic computer operation knowledge. ② Basic knowledge of computer word processing software. ③ Knowledge of editing, typesetting and proofreading of electronic texts and general application texts. ④ Basic knowledge of network operation. ⑤ Knowledge of using related equipment.
2.2.4 Knowledge of relevant laws and regulations ① Knowledge of keeping state secrets law. ② Knowledge related to intellectual property law.
3. Job Requirements The skill requirements of stenographers, stenographers and senior stenographers in this standard are progressive in turn, and the high-level covers the low-level requirements.
3. 1 speed recorder
Professional function:
A, equipment preparation work content
(A) the speed recorder operation
1, which can identify the interface of quick recording equipment.
2. You can connect the recording equipment and confirm whether the equipment is normal. Related knowledge (quick recording equipment interface identification knowledge, quick recording equipment connection knowledge. (2) Computer operation
1, able to perform basic computer operations.
2. Be able to connect the main peripheral devices of the computer.
3. Be able to install and set up fast recording software.
4. Be able to connect computer printing equipment and install corresponding software.
5. You can create folders, store, search and delete files. Related knowledge (connection knowledge of computer host components. Quickly record the installation and setting knowledge of software. Connection of printing equipment and installation method of corresponding software. Basic knowledge of electronic text storage. )
Second, the information collection work content:
(A) voice information collection
1, which can recognize the phonetic information of Putonghua.
2. The speed of collecting voice information such as dictation, inquiry and discussion is not less than 140 words/minute, and the accuracy rate is not less than 98%.
3. General spoken information can be recorded quickly and in real time, and arranged into text information.
4, can make the recorded voice information reflect the will, and add the corresponding punctuation, sentence fluency and appropriate segmentation according to semantics. Related knowledge (basic knowledge of Chinese Pinyin, grammar, oral information extraction, basic knowledge of sentence groups, phonetic codes, rhyme codes, syllable codes, punctuation marks, Arabic numerals, Latin alphabet knowledge)
(2) Text information collection
1, which can identify printed text information.
2. Be able to collect relevant knowledge of text information at a speed of not less than 140 words/minute (basic knowledge of speed recorder text input).
(3) Information collection of different carriers
1, can operate the tape recorder, video recorder and other related equipment to play voice information, and can collect voice information stored in audio tapes and video tapes.
2, can operate VCD, DVD and other related equipment to play information, and can collect the knowledge of voice information stored in the CD (knowledge of using tape recorders and video recorders, knowledge of operating VCD, DVD players and other related equipment).
Three, information processing work content:
(1) proofreading and sorting
1, which can identify and modify homophones and word errors.
2. Be able to identify and modify general grammatical and rhetorical errors.
Homophones and words can be sorted by computer. Related knowledge (homophone discrimination knowledge, basic knowledge of Chinese, computer keyboard and mouse proofreading method)
(2) Layout
1, you can transfer the collected text information to the commonly used word processing software.
2. You can use common word processing software to simply typeset the collected information. Related knowledge (setting knowledge of fonts and font sizes)
(3) Output and submission
1, knowledge about printing documents with a printer (basic knowledge of printers)
3.2 Professional functions of speed recorder:
I. Equipment preparation
(A) the speed recorder operation
1, which can debug the quick recording system software.
2. Be able to carry out daily maintenance and maintenance on the speed recorder.
3, can identify and eliminate common faults. Relevant knowledge (debugging knowledge of quick recording system software, daily maintenance knowledge of quick recording machine, common fault diagnosis and troubleshooting knowledge of quick recording machine).
(2) Computer operation
1, which can install and set commonly used word processing software.
2. Before the meeting, make a temporary abbreviation code related to the meeting theme according to the meeting content. Relevant knowledge (installation and setting methods of computer word processing software, knowledge of making temporary abbreviations of words, knowledge of setting and using personal thesaurus). )
Second, information collection.
(A) voice information collection
1, can understand political, economic, military, legal and other social sciences and general voice information.
2. The average speed of real-time voice information collection is not less than 180 words/minute, and the accuracy rate is not less than 98%.
3. The speaker can be accurately identified from the group voice information sources and collected in real time.
4. The collected voice information can be processed in real time.
5. Non-voice information such as expressions, gestures, costumes and scenes can be recorded. Relevant knowledge (recording format requirements of various conferences, skills of speeding up the acquisition of non-voice information, knowledge of setting specific codes for fast recording monosyllabic words, knowledge of setting specific codes for fast recording post-or sub-disyllabic words, knowledge of omitting fast recording abbreviation codes, and knowledge of fast recording pinyin shape codes). )
(2) Text information collection
1, which can collect text information at a speed of not less than 180 words/minute. Related knowledge (common symbol knowledge and input knowledge)
(3) Information collection of different carriers
1, which can collect voice information from recording pens, MP3 and other storage devices. Related knowledge (recording pen, MP3 and other storage devices. )
Third, information processing.
overall arrangement
1, you can use a commonly used word processing software to make more complicated typesetting of the collected information.
2. You can insert a table into the file. Related knowledge (layout columns, font types, font changes and modifications, table making and insertion knowledge) (2) collation, output and submission.
1, you can use the shortcut function keys to find and replace homophones in the text.
2. We can use the plug-in of the quick recording system to find and replace homophones.
3. Be able to write, accept and send text information by mail (knowledge of keyboard function of speed recorder, knowledge of plug-in function of speed recorder system, knowledge of mail sending and receiving).
(3) Accident handling
1, which can find the temporary and intermediate backup texts saved by the quick recording system software after the fault occurs. Related knowledge (text recovery knowledge of quick recording system software) 3.3 Professional functions of advanced quick recording:
I. Information collection
(A) voice information collection
1, can understand the voice information of press conferences, business meetings, scientific and technological reports and other related professional meetings.
2. The average speed of real-time voice information collection is not less than 220 words/minute, and the accuracy rate is not less than 98%.
3. Be able to collect Chinese information for simultaneous interpretation.
4. Be able to collect common English words and abbreviations in Chinese materials.
5. The voice information sources of group interaction can be identified and recorded in real time and accurately.
6. Be able to collect, proofread and sort out information.
7. In the process of collecting information, you can dynamically create words and make temporary abbreviation codes of words.
8. Be able to infer semantics from nonverbal information (body language and expressions, gestures and other scenes) and collect them. Relevant knowledge (knowledge of common English words and abbreviations, basic knowledge of conjunctions, definitions of elimination words and words). Dynamic knowledge of word formation. Knowledge of observing, collecting and accurately expressing various non-verbal information. Observe and collect knowledge that accurately expresses various non-verbal information. The knowledge of keyboard conversion and operation for quickly recording mathematical symbols, and the fast recording and coding method for a series of functional codes. )
(2) Text information collection
1, which can correctly identify standard handwritten manuscripts.
2. Can collect text information at a speed of not less than 220 words/minute. Related knowledge (recognition knowledge of handwritten manuscripts)
(3) Information collection of different carriers
1, you can use various playback software.
2. Be able to collect relevant knowledge of voice information of online media through the Internet (operation methods of various playing software and basic knowledge of using the Internet) 2. Information processing.
(1) layout can insert knowledge related to pictures (mixed knowledge of pictures and texts) into the collected information.
(2) sorting, outputting and submitting
1, which can delete characters, block operations, etc. Use a shorthand keyboard.
2. Relevant knowledge of conventional encryption of text information (knowledge of keyboard modification of speed recorder, conventional encryption method of text information. )
Three. Training and guidance
Teaching and training
1, able to make a training plan.
2. Be able to write training handouts
3, can teach the professional theory and technical knowledge.
4. Be able to judge the skills of stenographers and stenographers.
(II) Guiding operation
1, which can guide stenographers and stenographers' practical operation and demonstrate stenographers.
2, can lead and guide stenographers, stenographers to complete different forms of stenographer tasks related knowledge (training plan formulation method, training handout writing method, stenographer teaching method, stenographer training skills, stenographer marking system usage). According to the national professional standard of velocimeter, velocimeter is divided into three grades, namely velocimeter, velocimeter and advanced velocimeter. The speed of collecting voice information by the speed recorder is not less than 140 words per minute; The stenographer shall not be less than 180 words per minute; Senior stenographers require no less than 220 words per minute, and the accuracy of the third grade should reach more than 95%.
After three months of systematic training, stenographers can become stenographers after passing the examination, and it takes three months of systematic training and examination to be promoted to senior stenographers.
Although the employment threshold of stenographers is very low, the industry still calls for more high-level talents to join. According to the statistics of domestic stenographers, technical secondary schools and high schools have the most academic qualifications, while undergraduate degrees are few. In fact, many college graduates are wandering in front of the job market, but they just refuse to easily lower their social status and engage in this industry that is considered as a "typist".
Stenographers are all professional stenographers, which are different from ordinary keyboards, and the input method is different from the commonly used five-stroke input method. An expert in Wu Bi usually needs to hit the keyboard several times to type a word, but in a professional speed recorder, two words can be typed with one keystroke, and the speed recorder is to hit the keys with both hands at the same time, so the number of keystrokes is greatly reduced and the speed is naturally increased several times. The average stenographer can type 200-250 words per minute, which is basically the average speed of human speech. Excellent stenographers can reach 300-400 words per minute, which is faster than human speech.
Senior stenographer is the highest-ranking stenographer at present. Not only do you need to input your fingers quickly, but you also need to have quick hand-brain reaction, rich writing skills and accumulation of various professional knowledge. Shang Yuhang, assistant to the general manager of Zhengzhou Mingyu Electronic Speed Recording Company, told reporters that senior speed recorders need good psychological quality, memory response ability, instant recording ability and extensive knowledge. For example, at a meeting attended by foreigners or returnees, they may use individual English words to express their ideas when speaking. For a shorthand recorder with a certain level of English, recording is effortless. If his English level is limited, it is difficult to record it truthfully.
The development trend of fast recording industry requires more people with college or undergraduate education with foreign language ability to join the fast recording industry. At present, senior stenographers with English proficiency above undergraduate level in China are still blank. With the increase of foreign economic and cultural exchanges, foreign languages and simultaneous interpretation will be the scarcest talents in the future, and the salaries of such talents will definitely be higher.
On the origin of handwritten shorthand
In the first 63 years, Cicero's Lectures recorded "Taylor's shorthand". At that time, the Roman Senate had already used shorthand.
1888 Irish John Robert Greg invented Greg's shorthand, which has been used ever since.
China shorthand was born in 1896. Cai Xiyong's Confessions, Shen Xue's Vowels of Prosperity (also known as The Son of the World) and Li Jiesan's Confessions in Min Dialect.
19 13 China Zhang Chai (son of Cai Xiyong) "China Shorthand".
1934 Chinese shorthand of China Tang.
On the origin of mechanical shorthand
1827, the French Gunno first invented the shorthand machine.
1874 Italian Harry invented the earliest shorthand machine.
1880, the Roman aristocratic court adopted a shorthand machine (invented by Michella).
On the origin of computer shorthand (speed recorder)
1973, the United States began the CAT (cooperative shorthand and computer system) project.
The experiment of 1976 CAT system was carried out in America.
197 1 year, CAT experiment was conducted in Japan.
1993- 1995 China developed Ming Yahweh Chinese speed recorder.