1) welder's pneumoconiosis is a disease caused by long-term inhalation of dust exceeding the prescribed concentration. Some dust, such as iron oxide, aluminum, etc. After inhalation, it can be deposited in lung tissue, showing systemic foreign body reaction, which is harmful to health or has no obvious influence. After leaving dust, the lesions can be gradually alleviated or disappeared. However, in addition to iron oxide and aluminum, there are many toxic substances in the air around the welding zone, such as metal oxides such as silicon, silicate, manganese, chromium and fluoride. If inhaled for a long time, it will eventually lead to pneumoconiosis in lung tissue. The incidence of welder's pneumoconiosis is generally slow, mostly more than 10 years after exposure to welding dust, and some as long as 15~20 years. Mainly manifested as respiratory symptoms, such as shortness of breath, cough, expectoration, chest tightness, chest pain and so on. Some welder pneumoconiosis patients show symptoms such as weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss and neurasthenia (such as headache, dizziness, insomnia, lethargy, dreaminess, memory loss, etc.). ), but also has a certain impact on lung function. (2) Manganese poisoning: Manganese in covered electrode welding core and manganese ore and ferromanganese in coating will form a large amount of manganese vapor around the welding zone, which can be rapidly oxidized into gray manganous oxide and red manganous oxide smoke in the air. If human body inhales manganese and its compounds for a long time, it will cause manganese poisoning. The onset of manganese poisoning is very slow, even as long as 20 years. The symptoms of manganese poisoning are fatigue, headache, dizziness, insomnia, memory loss and autonomic nervous dysfunction. (3) Iron oxide, manganese oxide particles and fluoride with a diameter of 0.05~0.5μm in the metal dust of welder's metal hot welding can easily enter the trachea and alveoli through the upper and lower respiratory tract, and then enter the body, causing the welder to generate metal heat. Its main symptoms are fever, chills, metallic taste in the mouth, nausea and loss of appetite. Welders who use low-hydrogen covered electrode in closed containers and cabins for a long time are prone to this symptom. Moistening intestines and removing toxins can quickly eliminate toxins, but if it is indigestion, it will cause toxins to stay in the intestines and be reabsorbed, which will do great harm to health. Amorphophallus konjac, auricularia auricula, kelp, pig blood, apples, strawberries, honey, brown rice and other foods can help the digestive system detoxify. Konjac is a famous "gastrointestinal scavenger" and "blood purifier", which can remove the waste on the intestinal wall. Auricularia auricula: The plant gum contained in Auricularia auricula has strong adsorption, which can adsorb impurities remaining in the human digestive system, clean the blood, and can effectively remove pollutants in the body if eaten frequently. Kelp: Alginic acid in kelp can slow down the absorption of radioactive element strontium in the intestine, so that strontium can be excreted, thus having the effect of preventing leukemia. Pig blood: After the plasma protein in pig blood is decomposed by enzymes in digestive juice, it produces a substance that detoxifies and moistens intestines. It can react with dust and metal particles invading the human body, transform them into substances that are not easily absorbed by the human body, and directly excrete them, with the functions of removing dust, clearing intestines and relaxing bowels. Apples: Galactosylic acid in apples helps to detoxify, while pectin can prevent food from rotting in the intestines. Strawberry: contains a variety of organic acids, pectin and minerals, which can clean the stomach and strengthen the liver. Honey: Since ancient times, it has been a good product for detoxification and beauty, and it contains a variety of amino acids and vitamins needed by the human body. Eating honey regularly can not only excrete toxins, but also play a certain role in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases and neurasthenia. Brown rice: it is a "plumber" who cleans the large intestine. When it passes through the intestine, it will suck up a lot of sludge and finally excrete it. Preventive measures to prevent dust hazards are still an important task in current labor health work. Since the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), in order to prevent dust hazards and protect workers' health, our government has promulgated a series of policies, decrees and regulations. 1956, the State Council promulgated the "Decision on Prevention and Control of Silica Dust Hazards in Factories and Mines", which stipulated that the maximum allowable concentration of dust containing more than free silica 10% was 2 mg/m3. The Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Labor jointly promulgated the Measures for the Technical Measures for the Hazards of Silicon Dust in Factories and the Interim Measures for the Technical Measures for the Hazards of Silicon Dust in Mines. In recent years, the Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Pneumoconiosis in People's Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations) and the revised Measures for the Implementation of Medical Preventive Measures for Dust Workers have been promulgated one after another, which has gradually brought the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis into the legal track. Over the years, factories, mines and health and epidemic prevention institutions at all levels; In the dust prevention work, a lot of work has been done in combination with the national conditions, and the experience of "skin, water, density, wind, protection, management, teaching and inspection" has been summarized, and great achievements have been made. Leather, that is, technological reform and innovation; Water; This is a wet job; Dense, that is, sealed dust source; Wind is ventilation and dust removal and protection, that is, personal protection; Tube; It is to establish rules and regulations and maintain management; Teaching is propaganda and education; Inspection is a regular inspection, appraisal and summary, and a regular health inspection. In addition, the dust hygiene standard has been formulated, revised and even updated, which provides a scientific basis for health supervision and management. In this way, the dust concentration in many factories and mines has decreased year by year, the incidence of pneumoconiosis has decreased, and the age of onset and death has been prolonged. However, China's industry and agriculture are developing rapidly, and new factories and mines as township industries are developing rapidly, and the number of workers exposed to dust is increasing day by day. However, the dust prevention measures in some factories and mines are not perfect, which has caused serious environmental pollution, the number of pneumoconiosis cases is increasing, and the dust hazard is still very serious, which deserves attention. (1) Organizational measures According to the regulations, not only local governments, competent departments of enterprises and institutions, but also leaders of factories and mines should attach great importance to the organization and leadership of pneumoconiosis prevention and control, and at the same time, arrange and implement this work while formulating economic development plans, and organize and implement it by special personnel. The person in charge of an enterprise or institution is directly responsible for the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis in this unit. We should not only take measures to make the dust concentration in the workplace meet the national health standards, but also establish and improve the system of dust monitoring, safety inspection and regular health monitoring, and strengthen the treatment, recuperation management and publicity and education of pneumoconiosis patients. (II) Technical Measures Taking comprehensive measures such as skin, water, density, ventilation and protection, and doing a good job in dust prevention and dust reduction are the most fundamental preventive measures to prevent pneumoconiosis. 1. The fundamental way to eliminate dust hazards is to reform the technological process and innovate the production equipment, namely "leather". Such as remote control, computer control, car monitoring, etc. , avoid contact with dust; Adopt wind transport and negative pressure sand suction to reduce dust escape; Another example is to use limestone with low seasonal content instead of quartz sand as mold material to reduce the harm of dust. 2. Wet operation is an economical, simple and practical dustproof measure. For example, wet grinding of timely and refractory raw materials; Wet drilling in mine, underground transportation sprinkling and high-pressure water injection in coal seam can basically prevent dust from flying and reduce environmental dust concentration. 3. Sealing, ventilation and dust removal. For places where wet operation cannot be carried out, closed ventilation and dust removal should be adopted. If closed dust ventilation is combined with local ventilation, dust can be prevented from escaping. The extracted dusty air is discharged into the atmosphere after being treated by a dust removal device. (III) Health care measures 1, health examination of workers exposed to dust According to the Measures for Medical Precautions of Indigenous Workers Exposed to Dust, workers exposed to dust must undergo pre-employment and regular health examination, and some should also undergo dust removal inspection. (1) Pre-job inspection; Workers who are prepared to engage in dust exposure (including those who are transferred to other posts to prepare for dust exposure) must attend pre-job inspection. Check whether the project has a professional history; Self-conscious symptoms and past medical history; Contact history of pulmonary tuberculosis; General clinical examination; Take large chest radiographs and other necessary tests. /kloc-people under 0/8 years old and with the following diseases are not allowed to engage in dust contact: ① active tuberculosis; ② Severe chronic upper respiratory tract and bronchial diseases, such as atrophic rhinitis, nasal tumor, bronchial wheezing, bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, etc. ③ Chest diseases that significantly affect lung function, such as diffuse pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema, severe pleural hypertrophy and adhesion, thoracic deformity, etc. ④ Severe cardiovascular diseases. (2) Regular physical examination: Its purpose is to find pneumoconiosis patients in time and observe their condition changes. The inspection interval is determined by the local health department according to the situation. The principle is 65438+ check once every 0-2 years for severe exposure, once every 2-3 years for mild exposure, and once every 3-5 years in some cases. For workers who have left the dust operation, the inspection interval can be determined according to the specific situation of dust contact nature; The review of pneumoconiosis patients is generally one year 1 time, which can be shortened or extended according to the change of illness; Those who are diagnosed as O+ will be rechecked 1 time every year. Physical examination items should include occupational history, self-conscious symptoms and chest X-ray after shooting. When it is found that there are workers who are not suitable to continue to engage in dust operations, they should be transferred in time. Dust removal operation inspection. Any worker who is transferred from the dust job for some reason should have a health check, record his occupational history and take chest X-ray before dust removal as far as possible. Its purpose is not only to get rid of the health status during dust removal, but also to keep a file for follow-up observation of whether late-onset pneumoconiosis occurs in the future. 2。 Personal protection and personal hygiene in the production site conditions are limited, dust concentration can not meet the hygiene standards temporarily, you can wear dust masks as an auxiliary measure. The commonly used dust masks in China are simple masks such as Xianglao -I, Wu 'an 303 and Baotou Steel I.. Sometimes you can also wear closed personal protective equipment such as air supply and dust-proof helmet. It is of great significance to exercise regularly and pay attention to nutrition to enhance personal physique and improve disease prevention ability. In addition, you should also pay attention to personal hygiene. Take a bath frequently, change clothes frequently, keep your skin clean and form good habits. (4) The maximum allowable concentration of dust. I hope it helps you.