The reporter recently found that although the prospect of distributed photovoltaics is improving, in practice, all localities generally face challenges such as inconsistent policy standards, inadequate grid-connected problems, and difficulties in later operation and maintenance, while new technologies, new platforms and new models have become the solutions of many enterprises.
The policy continues to increase, and distributed photovoltaics are expected to improve.
Distributed photovoltaic has the characteristics of spontaneous self-use by users, redundant power grid connection and balanced adjustment of distribution system. In 20021year, the National Energy Administration issued the Notice of the Comprehensive Department of the National Energy Administration on Submitting the Pilot Scheme for the Development of Distributed Photovoltaic on Rooftops in Counties (Cities, Districts), requiring the construction of distributed photovoltaic to be connected to the grid. Not long ago, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Implementation Plan for Peak Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Urban and Rural Construction, proposing that by 2025, the photovoltaic coverage rate of new government buildings and new factories will reach 50%.
The continuous increase in policies has pushed the construction of distributed photovoltaic into the fast lane.
In 20021year, 54.88GW of photovoltaic installed capacity was added nationwide, including 29.27GW of distributed photovoltaic, accounting for 53.33%. In the first half of this year, the installed capacity of photovoltaics was 30.88GW, of which distributed photovoltaics reached 19.65GW, nearly two-thirds. Experts in the industry estimate that the installed capacity of new photovoltaics in China may reach 1 100 million kilowatts this year, which means that by the end of this year, the installed capacity of photovoltaics will surpass the total installed capacity of wind power and become the largest non-fossil energy, and distributed photovoltaics will also benefit from it. Wu Yin, former deputy director of the National Energy Administration, said.
Good market prospects have also received feedback from the capital market. Take Zheng Taian Neng, a leading domestic household photovoltaic enterprise, as an example. Not long ago, it just got a strategic financing of 654.38+0 billion yuan. Trina Solar, an established leading photovoltaic enterprise, continued to maintain its leading position in the distributed photovoltaic market share in the first half of this year.
It is worth noting that in recent years, due to internal and external factors, the price of silicon materials continues to rise, which brings pressure to downstream enterprises such as photovoltaic modules and affects the progress of distributed photovoltaic construction. However, many industry experts predict that the price of silicon materials will change from the second half of this year. As domestic new silicon projects are put into production one after another, it is estimated that the domestic production capacity will be 65,438+200,000 tons by the end of this year and 2.4 million tons by the end of next year, which is beneficial to distributed photovoltaic. Lu Jinbiao, deputy director of the Expert Committee of Jiangsu Photovoltaic Industry Association, said.
Three major challenges deserve attention.
Although the prospect of distributed photovoltaic is improving, the reporter learned in the interview that there are still many challenges in practice, focusing on three aspects.
First, local policy standards are not uniform. A number of business leaders said that since the country proposed to promote distributed photovoltaic construction in the whole county (city, district), different policies have been implemented in various places, which has brought troubles to enterprises.
At the same time, the lack of standards is also a headache for many enterprises. Taking BIPV (Photovoltaic Building Integration) as an example, both the building industry and the photovoltaic industry have their own special standards, and there is no clear integration plan at present. For example, due to historical reasons, the load in some areas is not enough. It is necessary to explore what solutions are needed to build photovoltaic on the color steel tile roof and how the life cycle of the power station adapts to the life cycle of the roof. Sun Guojun, vice president of CITIC Construction Investment, said.
Second, it is difficult to solve the problems of consumption and grid connection. The National Energy Administration proposed that distributed photovoltaic power generation should be consumed nearby, but there are differences in power grid construction in different places, so there are many problems in making photovoltaic power generation consumed and connected to the grid. Li Hu, director of the Energy Research Office of Jiangsu Economic Research Institute of State Grid, said that different levels of power grids are facing different problems, such as line constraints and section constraints.
It is not only the problem of consumption at the level of large power grid, but also the power infrastructure in rural areas needs to be further upgraded.
Many insiders said that in order to solve the consumption problem, in addition to continuing to strengthen scientific and technological innovation, it also needs the cooperation of market players such as photovoltaic enterprises and power grid enterprises.
Third, there are still many difficulties in the later operation and maintenance. For industry and commerce, the spontaneous use of distributed photovoltaic has brought obvious economic benefits for enterprises to save energy and reduce emissions. But for a large number of household photovoltaic users, how to find profit points has become the key to the later benign development.
Experts said that under the global carbon emission reduction trend, it is imperative to explore the recycling of used photovoltaic modules.
Scientific and technological innovation is still the key to solving problems.
In the interview, the reporter found that in order to meet the above challenges, enterprises have made pioneering explorations around scientific and technological innovation.
New technology has become the focus of enterprises' attention. In recent years, new types of batteries, including heterojunction and perovskite, have developed rapidly, providing an alternative path for reducing costs and improving efficiency in distributed photovoltaic construction. For example, the flexible perovskite solar cell module developed by Dazheng micro-nano technology is expected to be installed in roofs, iron towers and other fields. At present, the production capacity is expanding from the current 10MW to 100MW. The lightweight flexible monocrystalline silicon module developed by Rikai Photovoltaic has recently obtained a purchase order of 6.6338+0 million yuan from Taiji Industry.
Zhu Yixin, general manager of Jiangsu He Hui Comprehensive Smart Energy, said that every time the manufacturing scale of photovoltaic panels doubles, the fixed cost of products will drop by 25%. With the increase of new batteries, the comprehensive advantages will be more obvious.
The new platform has become the common choice of many enterprises. Household photovoltaics such as lsquo ants will move. The single user is scattered, and the whole project process is very numerous, which needs systematic construction. Wang Zhihua, manager of government affairs department of Zhengtai 'an Nenggong Palace, said. The company explores the photovoltaic planet and ensures the quality of distributed power station construction and operation and maintenance services by training agents, operators, business developers and engineering construction personnel.
The information platform built by Trina Solar has opened up the data flow between enterprises and suppliers, within enterprises and between enterprises and users, and realized the transparent management of front-end, operation, procurement, production, logistics and service. This platform not only serves Trina Solar's distributed power station, but also serves friends. Gao, chairman of Trina Solar, said.
The new model contains the possibility of solving difficult problems. Photovoltaic+energy storage has become an important mode of distributed photovoltaic construction. However, many interviewees said that there are problems such as scattered resources and low utilization rate in building energy storage power stations separately for each project, and * * * enjoying energy storage will become a breakthrough idea. * * * Enjoying energy storage is mainly used for peak regulation and frequency modulation of large power stations or power grids, and there have been successful cases in northwest China. With the acceleration of distributed project construction, in the next three to five years, * * * energy storage will be more used in distributed power stations. Han Guang, product director of Wang Hedian Photovoltaic Channel, said.