Traditional Chinese medicine originated very early. The theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine has basically taken shape in Huangdi Neijing, which was written during the Warring States Period to Thailand and Han Dynasty. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Febrile Diseases summarized the principles of TCM treatment based on syndrome differentiation. Since then, the theory and practice of TCM have been developing continuously. Taking the branch of traditional Chinese medicine as an example, Zhou Li Tianguan records that the court doctors at that time were only divided into food doctors (equivalent to nutritionists), disease doctors (equivalent to internal medicine), selected doctors (equivalent to trauma departments) and veterinarians. By the Ming Dynasty, Taiji Hospital had 13 departments, namely, pulse in the big room (equivalent to internal medicine), typhoid fever (equivalent to fever), pulse in the small room (equivalent to pediatrics), mouth and teeth, throat, eyes, sores, bonesetting (or bonesetting), Jin Chuang, acupuncture, massage and wishing. At the beginning of Qing dynasty, family vaccinia was separated from small veins. But in modern times, due to the import of western medicine and the discrimination and exclusion of traditional Chinese medicine by the old government, the development of traditional Chinese medicine was seriously hindered and stagnated. After the founding of New China, the obstacles were removed. Since 1950s, Chinese medicine hospitals, Chinese medicine colleges and universities have been established all over the country, advocating the development of Chinese medicine by combining traditional Chinese and western medicine. In 1980s, the modernization of TCM was further proposed, and TCM was studied and developed by using the theories and methods of modern science, including modern medicine, in a multidisciplinary and multi-channel way.
Dialectics of traditional Chinese medicine is a discipline to correctly understand and distinguish syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine, and it is a bridge between basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine and clinical practice. The so-called "syndrome" is a collection of symptoms and signs and a comprehensive clinical manifestation of diseases, but it is different from "syndrome" and is a unique concept of traditional Chinese medicine. "Syndrome" is an objective pathological state, a reflection of the pathogenesis of traditional Chinese medicine, which shows the urgency of evil and positive and the imbalance of yin and yang in the process of disease, and is close to the essence of disease. Such as jaundice, costal pain, fever, bitter taste, Huang Chi in urine, yellow greasy tongue coating, slippery pulse and so on. It can be distinguished as "damp-heat syndrome of liver and gallbladder", which means that damp-heat evil is accumulated in the liver and gallbladder, and the evil is prosperous and enduring, which is an empirical evidence. One syndrome can be found in many diseases, and different syndromes can also appear in different stages of a disease, which is the theoretical basis of treating different diseases at the same time.
The history of TCM syndrome differentiation can be traced back to the silk book unearthed in Mawangdui, Changsha, in which the record of "the doctor takes more than the benefit, and the person who takes less" can be regarded as the bud of syndrome differentiation. There are some expositions in Huangdi Neijing, such as "evil is actually real, essence is deficiency", excessive yang indicates heat, excessive yin indicates cold, which can be regarded as the earliest theoretical basis of dialectics of traditional Chinese medicine. The books on wind, cough and arthralgia syndrome have divided the zang-fu organs. Zhang Zhongjing wrote Treatise on Febrile Diseases. In the part of exogenous diseases, he established the syndrome differentiation system of exogenous fever and established the decoction syndrome differentiation method. Miscellaneous diseases have developed the content of syndrome differentiation of zang-fu organs. After the Han Dynasty, physicians in past dynasties developed the syndrome differentiation of zang-fu organs according to their own practical experience, and founded the syndrome differentiation of three jiao, which made the syndrome differentiation of eight cardinal principles, qi and blood and pathogenic factors gradually clear and concrete. Japanese traditional Chinese medicine attaches importance to syndrome differentiation of decoction. In 1950s, TCM syndrome differentiation was studied in many aspects, and the outstanding representative was Pu Fuzhou's experience in treating Japanese encephalitis from the clinical point of view: for example, in the summer of 1956, it didn't rain for a long time in Shijiazhuang, when Japanese encephalitis was epidemic, TCM syndrome differentiation was summer, and Baihu decoction was effective; 1957 At the same time, it was rainy and steaming in the hot and humid zone in Beijing, which was also an epidemic encephalitis. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosed it as damp heat, and Baihu decoction was ineffective, so it was effective to promote yang and promote diuresis. Therefore, the superior demarcation point of TCM syndrome differentiation is recognized. In the 1980s, the focus shifted to the study of TCM syndrome differentiation with modern scientific methods, making it objective. Study on objective indexes of some syndromes (such as blood deficiency syndrome, kidney-yang deficiency syndrome, yang deficiency syndrome, yin deficiency syndrome, yin deficiency syndrome, spleen deficiency syndrome, heart-qi deficiency syndrome, liver-yang hyperactivity syndrome, cold-heat syndrome, etc.). ) has matured, initially made some animal models of syndromes, and established the microscopic syndrome differentiation theory. Dialectics, a name with philosophical meaning, appeared at this time.
View all 3 answers.
Examining the qualification of practicing doctors by learning Chinese medicine ...
People who care about education in China are also watching.
Traditional Chinese medicine teacher training, of course, choose domain education. ...
Free consultation-more details;
Qingdao Zhongyu education information consulting advertisement?
All related issues
Which dynasty did Chinese medicine first originate from?
Traditional Chinese medicine originated from primitive society. Chinese medicine refers to the traditional medicine created by the working people of Han nationality in China, so it is also called Chinese medicine. It is a subject that studies human physiology, pathology, disease diagnosis and prevention. The earliest Chinese medicine was born in primitive society, and the most basic concept of Chinese medicine was formed in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, which was summarized and developed in past dynasties. Extended data:
In China traditional medicine, the most influential medical myth is the legendary story of Shennong tasting a hundred herbs, which has a long history. Chen Bangxian, the author of History of Chinese Medicine, said: In the origin of China medicine, there have always been people who respected Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi as medical gods. There is a kind of respect for Fuxi. He tasted hundreds of medicines and made nine stitches to save his life, which indirectly explained the origin of acupuncture and medicine. With the respect of Shennong tasting a hundred herbs, the water springs are sweet and bitter, making people know that if they avoid it, they will encounter seventy poisons every day. In ancient times, the earliest discovery and use of traditional Chinese medicine, especially plant medicine, was attributed to Shennong. Someone once respected the Yellow Emperor as the ambassador of Qi Bo, tasted a hundred herbs and taught doctors. Huangdi Neijing and Huangdi Neijing, the first medical classics in China, conveyed the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine through Huangdi and Qi Bo. In addition, people drill wood for fire, so that people can get rid of the era of raw food and protect their stomachs; Taking the wooden structure of the nest as the nest, people avoid the intrusion and trauma of animals, insects and snakes. Moxibustion originated in the alpine region of northern China, and it is often caused by dirty cold. Its treatment is suitable for moxibustion and adapts to the living conditions, habits and disease characteristics of northern residents. Yi Yin, the founder of Tangyao, is the phase of Shang Tang, and says soup by taste. According to Lu Chunqiu, when Yi Yin answered Shang Tang's questions about cooking, he said, "Bamboo slips in the sun, osmanthus flowers.". Ginger and cinnamon are both condiments and commonly used medicines, so there is a theory that medicine and food are homologous. In addition, in the era of Neijing 2500 years ago, China had a detailed anatomical record of the shape, size and capacity of human internal organs, as well as a record of his understanding of the functions of human respiration, circulation and digestion. These theories are not only discussed in a special article, but also interspersed in other chapters on rationality. Baidu encyclopedia-traditional Chinese medicine
5 1 browse1127 32019-04-21
History of traditional Chinese medicine
Chinese medicine came into being in primitive society. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the theory of traditional Chinese medicine has basically taken shape, and branches of anatomy and medicine have emerged, adopting the "four diagnoses". Treatment methods include Bian Shi, acupuncture, decoction, moxibustion, guidance, gas distribution and wishing. Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "medicine and Taoism are interlinked". After the Tang Dynasty, China's medical theory and works were widely spread to Korea, Japan, Central Asia and West Asia. During the Song Dynasty, the government of the Song Dynasty established Hanlin Medical College, and the medical disciplines were basically complete. And unified China's acupoint disorder caused by copying, and published "Tujing". Since the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Chinese medicine began to decline. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the school of febrile diseases appeared, which gradually replaced the school of classical Chinese medicine. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica, written at the end of Ming Dynasty, marked the decline of TCM pharmacology. At the same time, both Mongolian medicine and Tibetan medicine are influenced by Chinese medicine. In Korea, oriental medicine has also been greatly developed. Since the late Qing Dynasty, China has been invaded by western powers, and its national fortune has been weakened. At the same time, the influx of modern medicine (western medicine) has seriously impacted the development of Chinese medicine. Many people in China advocate medical modernization, and traditional Chinese medicine has been greatly challenged. People began to look at it with the thinking mode of western medicine system, and Chinese medicine fell into a dispute of keeping or abolishing. The same is true of Japanese traditional Chinese medicine and Korean medicine, both of which belong to China's medical system. Since SARS in 2003, classical Chinese medicine began to show signs of recovery. During the Cultural Revolution, Chinese medicine, as a medical paradigm of "serving the present with the past", was supported and developed by China's production party policy. Modern Chinese medicine is still one of the commonly used methods to treat diseases in China. Internationally, acupuncture has aroused great interest in the medical field. Acupuncture has been proved to be effective in relieving postoperative pain, nausea during pregnancy, nausea, vomiting and toothache caused by chemotherapy, and the side effects are extremely low. However, for chronic pain, back pain and headache, the data are vague or controversial. The original innovation and revolution of the basic theory of modern Chinese medicine began in the 1990s. The new philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine includes three philosophies of traditional Chinese medicine: holistic view and dialectical view, and the third newly excavated philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine: similarity view-fractal theory. 20 18, 10, 1, the world health organization first included traditional Chinese medicine in the medical syllabus with global influence. The newly included information about Chinese medicine will be written in Chapter 26 of the Global Medical Outline (1 1 Edition), which mainly explains the classification system of traditional medicine and will be implemented in WHO member countries in 2022. Extended data:
The development of traditional Chinese medicine culture-famous historical doctors: 1. The origin of traditional Chinese medicine, Emperor Yan, is the honorific title of the leader of the ancient Jiang tribe in China, known as Shennong. Yan Di tribe lived in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River (present-day Jin and Yu areas) and formed an alliance with the Yellow Emperor to defeat Chiyou. Chinese people regard Yandi Huangdi as the ancestor of China. "Shennong tastes a hundred herbs and encounters seventy poisons a day" describes Shennong's spirit of medical practice and exploration, which laid the foundation of China medicine and was later commemorated by people. China's first medical work was named Shennong Herbal Classic. It is concluded that Chinese medicine originated from primitive society and the Yellow River basin. Second, the basis of TCM theory Bian Que (407 BC-3 BC10) was a famous doctor in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. When I was young, I studied medicine in Chang Sangjun, and I passed on my medical skills. I was good in all subjects. Zhao is regarded as gynecology, Zhou as ENT, and pediatrics is famous all over the world. Bian Que founded the pulse diagnosis method of traditional Chinese medicine, which was the first of its kind in traditional Chinese medicine. He is the author of difficult classics. It opened a medical milestone with "seeing, listening and asking" as the diagnosis method, and it has been used ever since. 3. Zhang Zhongjing (about 150- about 2 19), the clinical soul of TCM, was born in Nieyang County, Nanyang, Eastern Han Dynasty (now Zhangzhai Village, Gedong Town, dengzhou city City, Henan Province). A famous doctor in the late Eastern Han Dynasty was honored as a medical sage by later generations. Zhang Zhongjing extensively collected medical prescriptions and wrote the masterpiece Treatise on Febrile Diseases handed down from ancient times. The established principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment is the basic principle of TCM clinic and the soul of TCM. Fourth, the transformation of traditional Chinese medicine Hua Tuo (about AD 145-208), a character, was born in Peiguoqiao County, a famous doctor at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. When I was young, I studied abroad and practiced medicine all over Anhui, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu and other places. I didn't want to make progress in studying medicine. He has a comprehensive medical skill, especially good at surgery. And proficient in internal medicine, gynecology, pediatrics, acupuncture. In his later years, he was suspected by Cao Cao and tortured to death in prison. Huatuo invented the method of treating jaundice with wormwood. He founded the first set of broadcast gymnastics "Five Birds Play" in China, and invented Mafeisan for clinical anesthesia, which was more than 1600 years earlier than western anesthesia, creating a precedent for traditional Chinese medicine surgery. It can be said that Hua Tuo initiated an important change in TCM clinic. V. Progress in the Concept of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sun Simiao (54 1-682), a native of Jingzhao Huayuan (now Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province), was a doctor and Taoist in the Tang Dynasty and was honored as the "King of Medicine" by later generations. Sun Simiao attaches great importance to private medical experience, and constantly accumulates the amount of medical treatment. Recorded in time, and finally completed his book "One Thousand Daughters". After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Sun Simiao accepted the invitation of the imperial court and cooperated with it to carry out medical activities. Celebrating the fourth year of Jian 'an (659), he completed the world's first national pharmacopoeia "Tang Xin Ben Cao". He was the first person to propose the establishment of a separate department for women and children (and the first person to advocate the protection of women and children's awareness). He was the first person to comprehensively expound "medical ethics", the first leprosy expert, the first to propose compound treatment, the first to create croton to detoxify, the first to propose that prevention is more important than treatment, and the first to invent catheterization. Perfection of intransitive verbs in traditional Chinese medicine Li Shizhen (now famous doctor street) was a famous physician in Ming Dynasty. Since 1565, Li Shizhen has collected drug specimens and prescriptions in Huguang, Anhui, Henan, Hebei and other places, and consulted 925 kinds of medical books in past dynasties. Archaeology has proved that many difficult problems have been clarified. After 27 years of cold and heat, 1.92 million words of the masterpiece Compendium of Materia Medica was completed in 1.590. This book collected 15 18 kinds of drugs, including 1 195 kinds of plants, and recorded 1 1096 kinds of ancient doctors and folk prescriptions. Attached are 1 100 morphological charts of various drugs, which corrected some previous mistakes and supplemented the shortcomings. It is by far the most complete and scientific medical work in China. Baidu encyclopedia-traditional Chinese medicine
Browse 858820 19-03-23
Description of the origin of Chinese medicine?
Traditional Chinese medicine does not refer to medicine in China, but to traditional medicine in China. Traditional Chinese medicine is a science that studies the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of human physiology, pathology and diseases. It has a unique theoretical system and rich clinical experience. The theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine is deeply influenced by ancient materialism and dialectical thought-the theory of yin-yang and five elements, with the overall concept as the leading thought, the physiology and pathology of viscera and meridians as the basis, and the treatment based on syndrome differentiation. The basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine is a theoretical summary of human life activities and the changing laws of diseases, which mainly includes the theories of yin and yang, five elements, luck, dirty images, meridians and so on, including etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, syndrome differentiation, treatment, prevention and health preservation. The clinical diagnosis methods of traditional Chinese medicine include four methods: observation, smell, questioning and pulse, which are collectively called four methods. Each of the four diagnostic methods has its own unique function and cannot replace each other. Only by comprehensive application in clinic can we make a correct judgment of the disease. The clinical treatment methods of traditional Chinese medicine mainly include acupuncture therapy, scraping therapy, massage and cupping therapy. Acupuncture therapy refers to acupuncture or fire moxibustion at human points to treat diseases; Scraping therapy is to expel toxic substances in the body, that is, pathological products in the body, so as to achieve the purpose of curing scraping syndrome; Massage is a method of applying specific techniques or physical activities to meridians and acupoints and certain parts of the human body to prevent and treat diseases and health care. Cupping therapy can make the treatment area congested, thus producing therapeutic effect. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history, which originated in the Yellow River valley and established an academic system very early. In the long process of development, there have been different creations in the past dynasties, many famous doctors have emerged, and many important schools and masterpieces have appeared. As early as Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, medicinal liquor and decoction appeared in China. In the Zhou Dynasty, methods of diagnosis, medicine, acupuncture and surgery were used. Huangdi Neijing is the earliest extant classic of TCM theory in China, which was formed in Qin and Han Dynasties. It systematically summarized the previous treatment experience and medical theory, comprehensively expounded the anatomy, physiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases, and initially laid the theoretical foundation of TCM. The book Nan Jing written later is a classic medical book comparable to Huangdi Neijing and a good supplement to Huangdi Neijing. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the traffic has become increasingly developed, and medicinal materials from remote areas have continuously entered the Central Plains, enriching people's understanding of medicinal materials. The earliest existing pharmaceutical monograph "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing" has been circulated to this day. Long-term clinical practice and modern scientific research have proved that most of the medicinal effects contained in this book are correct, such as ephedra for asthma, coptis for dysentery and seaweed for gall. Its appearance marks the initial establishment of traditional Chinese medicine. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing, a famous physician, wrote Treatise on Febrile Diseases, which laid the foundation for the development of clinical medicine. Later generations divided the book into Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, which basically summarized the commonly used prescriptions in clinical departments and was known as the "ancestor of prescription books". Surgery in Han dynasty has reached a high level. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Hua Tuo, a famous doctor, has started to use the general anesthetic "Mafeisan" for various surgical operations. From Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, pulse diagnosis has made outstanding achievements. Wang Shuhe, a famous doctor in Jin Dynasty, summarized 24 kinds of pulse conditions in Pulse Classic. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Tang government organized more than 20 people to compile Materia Medica collectively, and named it Tang Xin Xiu Materia Medica (also known as Tang Materia Medica). This is the first pharmacopoeia issued by the government in ancient China and the earliest national pharmacopoeia in the world. It was 883 years earlier than the Nuremberg Pharmacopoeia issued by the European Nuremberg government in A.D. 1542. Sun Simiao, a doctor in the Tang Dynasty, wrote "Prescription for Preparing a Thousand Daughters for Emergency" and "Prescription for Preparing a Thousand Daughters for Wings", which discussed the clinical theme, acupuncture, dietotherapy, prevention and health preservation, and made outstanding achievements in the prevention and treatment of nutritional deficiency diseases. The Song Dynasty attached importance to TCM education. The government of Song Dynasty established Taiyi Bureau as the highest institution for training talents of Chinese medicine. Wang wrote "Illustration of Acupuncture and Moxibustion of Tongren Acupoints", designed and cast two Tongren, and carved the twelve meridians and 354 acupoints for acupuncture teaching and doctor's examination. In addition, the Song government also set up a medical book correction bureau to systematically collect, sort out, study and collate important medical books in previous dynasties. Today's ancient medical books include Suwen, Treatise on Febrile Diseases, Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, Acupuncture and Moxibustion A and B Classics, Etiology Theory, Thousand-Daughter Prescriptions, Thousand-Daughter Side and Wai Tai. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Amin medical scientist Li Shizhen has compiled Compendium of Materia Medica for 27 years, with more than 800 kinds of references, including more than 892 kinds of drugs and 0/0000 prescriptions, making it the greatest integrated work in the history of pharmacology in China. He has made outstanding contributions to the development of pharmacology in China and the world. At that time, Western medicine began to be introduced into China, gradually forming the coexistence of Chinese medicine, Western medicine and integrated Chinese and Western medicine. Some doctors gradually realized that Chinese and western medicine have their own strengths, so they tried to integrate the two disciplines and gradually formed a school of integrated Chinese and western medicine, which also made brilliant achievements.
8 browse11712017-12-16.
The Origin and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine
In primitive society, people observed the living environment around them, struggled with diseases for a long time in order to survive, and summed up rich experiences. During the Warring States period, a hundred schools of thought contended, and physicians widely absorbed the strengths of a hundred schools of thought and used them to treat diseases, resulting in a large number of theoretical books. Medical books are preserved in large quantities because they will not affect the ruler's rule. However, during the Qin and Han dynasties, a large number of medical books were lost because of the war and the superstitious control of ideas and restrictions on printing technology by the rulers of the Han dynasty. Chinese medicine developed greatly in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. During the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, due to the massive loss of war medical books, Huangdi Neijing was lost twice in the Song Dynasty, and was republished in Sichuan after many efforts. However, due to the trauma of war, the theory of spleen and stomach has been greatly developed. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, pestilence was prevalent and febrile diseases advanced by leaps and bounds. After the founding of New China, with the concern of the party and state leaders, a large number of books on traditional Chinese medicine have been sorted, bound, adapted and printed. Qi Xin, who loves Chinese medicine from all over the world, made concerted efforts to introduce modern science and technology into the theory of Chinese medicine for in-depth study, which greatly promoted the development of Chinese medicine. Nowadays, many medical schools in Europe take TCM theory as a compulsory course. In the future, it will be a general trend to treat diseases with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, and human beings will eventually overcome diseases.
5 browse 35192017-12-15.
Origin of traditional Chinese medicine
Traditional Chinese medicine originated very early. The theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine has basically taken shape in Huangdi Neijing, which was written during the Warring States Period to Thailand and Han Dynasty. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Febrile Diseases summarized the principles of TCM treatment based on syndrome differentiation. Since then, the theory and practice of TCM have been developing continuously. Taking the branch of traditional Chinese medicine as an example, Zhou Li Tianguan records that the court doctors at that time were only divided into food doctors (equivalent to nutritionists), disease doctors (equivalent to internal medicine), selected doctors (equivalent to trauma departments) and veterinarians. By the Ming Dynasty, Taiji Hospital had 13 departments, namely, pulse in the big room (equivalent to internal medicine), typhoid fever (equivalent to fever), pulse in the small room (equivalent to pediatrics), mouth and teeth, throat, eyes, sores, bonesetting (or bonesetting), Jin Chuang, acupuncture, massage and wishing. At the beginning of Qing dynasty, family vaccinia was separated from small veins. But in modern times, due to the import of western medicine and the discrimination and exclusion of traditional Chinese medicine by the old government, the development of traditional Chinese medicine was seriously hindered and stagnated. After the founding of New China, the obstacles were removed. Since 1950s, Chinese medicine hospitals, Chinese medicine colleges and universities have been established all over the country, advocating the development of Chinese medicine by combining traditional Chinese and western medicine. In 1980s, the modernization of TCM was further proposed, and TCM was studied and developed by using the theories and methods of modern science, including modern medicine, in a multidisciplinary and multi-channel way.