Introduction to physics:

It is a subject that studies the most general laws of motion and the basic structure of matter. Physics, as the leading discipline of natural science, studies the most basic motion forms and laws of all substances from the universe to elementary particles, so it has become the research basis of other natural science disciplines.

Physics began in the era of Galileo and Newton, and now it has become a basic science with many branches. Physics is an experimental science, and it is also a science that advocates rationality and attaches importance to logical reasoning. Physics, which makes full use of mathematics as its working language, is the most accurate natural science subject today.

Physics is a natural science, which mainly studies matter, energy, space and time, especially their respective properties and their relationships. Physics is knowledge about the laws of nature; More broadly, physics explores and analyzes what happens in nature to understand its laws.

The field of physics research can be divided into the following aspects:

1, condensed matter physics-studies the macroscopic properties of matter, which contains a large number of components and has strong interaction among them. The most familiar condensed phases are solids and liquids, which are formed by bonds between atoms and electromagnetic forces. More condensed matter phases include superfluid and Bose-Einstein condensed matter (found in some atomic systems with very low temperatures);

Superconducting phases of conducting electrons in some materials: ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases in atomic lattice. Condensed matter physics has always been the biggest research field. Historically, it originated from solid state physics. 1967 was first put forward by philip anderson and adopted this name.

2. Atomic, molecular and optical physics-the study of the interaction between matter and matter, light and matter within the scope of atomic size or several atomic structures. These three areas are closely related. Because they use similar methods and related energy levels.

They all include classical and quantum processing methods; Deal with problems from a micro perspective. Atomic physics studies the shell of atoms, focusing on the quantum control of atoms and ions;

Cooling and trapping; Low temperature collision dynamics: accurate measurement of basic constants; Collective effect of electrons in structural dynamics. Atomic physics is influenced by the nucleus. However, nuclear phenomena such as nuclear division and nuclear synthesis belong to high-energy physics.

3. High energy/particle physics-particle physics studies the basic components of matter and energy and their interactions; Also known as high energy physics. Because many elementary particles do not exist in nature, they only appear in particle accelerators under high-energy collisions with other particles.

According to the interaction standard model of elementary particles, there are 12 elementary particle models of known substances (quarks and light particles). They interact through strong, weak and electromagnetic basic forces. The standard model also predicts the existence of the Higgs boson. Looking for it.