Selection of production site The production of sprouts has strict requirements on temperature, humidity, light, moisture and other conditions. Generally, the germination room is required to be 20-25℃, and the culture room is16-25℃; The light intensity of green products should be controlled below 30000-40000 lux, and semi-softened products should not exceed 1000 lux; There should be ventilation facilities in the breeding room to keep the indoor air fresh; There must also be a water storage and drainage system. Generally speaking, Guangdong is extremely hot in summer, so we should choose a house with dark light and easy cooling to produce semi-softened products with thinner stems, fewer leaves and lighter colors.
Soilless and nutrient-free cultivation of sprouts in production facilities is mostly carried out in a multi-layer three-dimensional way of seedling tray and paper bed. Therefore, it is very important to choose suitable cultivation racks, containers and substrates. The cultivation rack is mainly used for placing multi-layer seedling trays in the cultivation room for three-dimensional cultivation, so as to improve the space utilization rate. For the convenience of management, the frame height is generally 160-2 10 cm, and each seedling tray has 4-5 floors; The frame is 150 cm long and 60 cm wide, and 6 seedling trays are placed on each floor; Cultivation containers are generally light plastic vegetable seedling trays, and the specifications of the seedling trays are 62× 23.6× 3-5cm. The culture medium should be clean, non-toxic, light in weight, strong in water absorption and water retention, and easy to handle after use, such as paper, white cotton cloth, perlite, etc. According to the production scale, containers such as pots, cans, bathtubs or cement pools for soaking seeds and cleaning seedling trays should be added.
Training and management
1. The quality of seed soaking is closely related to the growth uniformity, commodity rate and yield of buds. The seeds used in sprout vegetable production generally require good purity, cleanliness, high germination rate and full grains. Before sowing, the seeds should be cleaned to eliminate moth-eaten, broken, deformed, rotten, shriveled, extremely small and germinated seeds. In order to promote seed germination, some seeds need to be soaked after cleaning. Generally, seeds are washed with clean water at 20-30℃ for 2-3 times, and the soaking time of different varieties is different. Generally, peas and Toona sinensis are soaked for 24 hours, and radishes are soaked for 6-8 hours. After soaking, wash the seeds for 2-3 times and drain the excess water.
2. Before sowing, disinfect the plastic seedling tray with lime water or bleaching powder, then rinse it with clear water, and then lay a layer of paper on the bottom of the seedling tray, so that seeds such as peas, radishes and mung beans can be sown. In addition, lay a layer of perlite with a thickness of 1.5cm on the paved paper. Perlite must be added with water in advance, stirred and squeezed out of excess water. All seeds should be sown evenly, so that new buds can grow neatly. The sowing amount depends on the variety.
3. After accelerating germination and sowing, stack the seedling trays together and put them on the flat ground to accelerate germination. When accelerating germination, the stacking height of seedling trays should not exceed 100 cm, and the interval between each stack should be 2-3 cm to facilitate ventilation. The temperature of the germination chamber is kept at 20-25℃. Toona sinensis has strict requirements, generally it must be kept at 20-22℃ to improve the germination rate. In order to maintain proper air humidity, the tray should be covered with wet linen bag, black plastic film or double-layer sunshade net. Spray water once a day during germination, and the amount of water should not be too large to avoid rotten buds. When spraying water, the position of the seedling tray should be changed once to make the cultivation environment of the seedling tray as uniform as possible and promote the orderly growth of seedlings. Under normal circumstances, germination can be finished in about 4 days.
Fourthly, cultivation management.
1. Lighting management In order to make the sprouts safely transition from the dark and high-humidity environment stacked in trays to the cultivation environment, it is necessary to place them in a weak light area with stable air relative humidity for one day, and then move them to the cultivation room to avoid the harm of "dried sprouts". When producing green products, the seedling tray should be placed in a place with strong light 2-3 days before the market of sprouts, so that sprouts can turn green better. However, after June-August, especially when solar greenhouse and other facilities are used as production sites, in order to avoid excessive illumination, a sunshade net must be covered outside the greenhouse to make the illumination moderate.
2. Temperature management The temperature required after the sprouts are served should be managed according to different types and different growth periods. If several kinds of sprouts are planted in the same production site at the same time, the indoor temperature shall not be lower than 16℃ at night and not higher than 25℃ during the day.
3. Ventilation management Ventilation is one of the important measures to adjust the room temperature humidity of cultivation. Ventilation can keep the air in the cultivation room fresh, reduce the relative humidity of the air, help reduce the mildew of seed buds and avoid the shortage of carbon dioxide in the air. Therefore, under the condition that the indoor temperature can be guaranteed, it should be ventilated 1-2 times a day, even if the indoor temperature is low, it should be ventilated for a short time.
4. Water management Because the seedling tray paper bed cultivation technology is different from the general soilless cultivation, the seedlings themselves are tender and juicy, so they should be irrigated with "small water", sprayed three times a day in winter and four times a day in summer. Water evenly, first water the upper layer, and then water the lower layer in turn. The amount of watering should be that the substrate in the seedling tray is wet after spraying, and the paper in the seedling tray is not dripping a lot. In addition, it should be noted that the amount of water is less in the early growth stage, slightly larger in the middle and late growth stage, less in rainy and low-temperature weather, slightly larger in sunny and high-temperature weather, less in indoor air relative humidity, and slightly larger on the contrary.
Under normal cultivation and management conditions, pea seedlings can be harvested 8-9 days after sowing. At harvest, the height of the seedlings is about 15 cm, and the top leaflets have spread out. When eating, the tip is cut 7-9 cm, and each plate can produce 350-500 grams. Radish seedlings can be harvested 507 days after sowing. At harvest, the height of the seedlings is 6- 10 cm, and the cotyledons are spread out and completely expanded. When eating, cut the roots together, and each plate can yield 400-500 grams. After soaking the seeds of Toona sinensis, the seedlings can be harvested about 18 days from germination. At harvest, the height of the seedlings is 7- 10 cm, the cotyledons are flat and fully expanded, and the leaflets have not yet grown. When eating, it can be cut or uprooted, and each dish can yield 400-500 grams.