Bos can be divided into three stages according to the principal's tenure: 19 19- 1928 in Gropius, 1928- 1930 in Meyer, and/kloc-0 in Miss Van Zhuoqin.
(a) the first stage?
The basic purpose of Bauhaus is to rebuild the integrity of art and culture around the unified object-"architecture" (in Gropius's concept, "architecture" refers to both architecture and people's living environment) through the combination of artists and technicians. The purpose and principle of building a "mansion" as an artistic activity is inherited from Ruskin and Morris. According to students' abilities, Bauhaus strives to train future architects, painters and sculptors into skilled craftsmen or artists with independent creative ability. Craftsmen and artists should find the same method, which will enable them to cooperate closely in building "architecture".
Gropius regards his school as a design culture school. The school has two prototypes: the building society and the university model. Gropius believes that the basic handicraft education in the workshop is the necessary foundation of any kind of artistic creation. He tirelessly emphasized that the highest value of educational activities lies in its integrity. If there is no workshop in the school, it is impossible to form this kind of honesty. The foundation of Bauhaus education is the new concept of teachers, that is, teachers should be the harmonious unity of artists and technicians.
In Bauhaus's undergraduate stage, students not only teach in class, but also regularly go to a factory for study and internship according to their own expertise in certain materials. According to the requirements of modern industry, they learn the methods of labor management and saving raw materials and means of production. While studying material processing technology, they also study some applied courses, and students get bachelor's degrees when they graduate from undergraduate courses. The best graduates can enter the advanced class, the so-called "structural thinking class". The teaching of the promotion class is based on Bauhaus's experimental workshop, combined with the design and production of specific products. In the actual production process, students deal with many experts and solve various problems in design and production. During the Dessau period, Bao Si's workshop became a fully equipped laboratory. In the process of teaching, in the organic connection with design, the laboratory produces high-quality samples of modern industrial products. Bauhaus tried out art education and technical education for students at the same time, which enabled students to have dual abilities and combine them into one; Then send the trained art students to the industrial sector, overcome the disconnection between technology and art caused by early machine production, and restore and rebuild the lost connection between artists and the production world. This is what Gropius called "the new unity of art and technology".
Bauhaus's first collective creation was "Somerfield Villa". Gropius advocates building as the center to realize the combination of plastic arts, while Dosbouger first pursues the similarity of styles in plastic arts, architecture, poetry and music, as well as the similarity of style formation methods. During the inauguration ceremony of Sommerfeld Villa, Dusboug came to Weimar where Bauhaus was located to give lectures in a private capacity, presided over a modeling discussion class, openly challenged Gropius, advocated "realizing the simplest style with the simplest means" and publicized "mechanical aesthetics" in which rational control was exercised over the creative process. The figures he used were only squares and right angles, and the geometric figures he used were only parallelepiped. He noticed the primary colors-red, blue and yellow.
Some Bauhaus students were intoxicated with the "pure" form, which led to Bauhaus's transition to rationalism in formal exploration in the mid-1920s.
In Bauhaus's early works, the functionalism tendency is not obvious. Even Roger pius's own designs, such as the Karp Riot Monument in Weimar Cemetery, still show interest in post-cubism and expressionism. 1925- 1926 according to the design of Gropius and Meyer, a new teaching building, workshop and dormitory were built in dessau. The interior decoration, furniture and equipment of these buildings were all designed by bruch, the best student of Bauhaus at that time and the head of Bauhaus furniture workshop. He fully accepted Gropius's concept of "new unity of art and technology". In artistic design, he tried to absorb modern industrial production technology, use cheaper and practical materials and solve the standardization problem.
Gropius reflected in his later years, what is Bauhaus's most valuable educational experience? He thinks it is to cultivate students' independence, originality and innovative consciousness. In his book "The Concept and Structure of Bauhaus" published by 1924, when expounding the educational thoughts of preparatory schools, he asked students to consciously abandon the imitation of any fixed style and genre. The purpose of preparatory course is to reveal students' personal potential and make them develop in the direction they need. The problem is not a person's talent, but that everyone has different strengths in rhythm, light and shade, color, material properties and so on. Therefore, we must give priority to the development of students' most distinctive abilities, while developing his other abilities in a balanced way. Preparatory course is not only a test for students, but also a place for teachers to show his other abilities. The most important thing is not to teach students their own creative methods, but to let students explore their own paths; It is not to impose a certain style on others, but to cultivate students' independent thinking ability.