Develop their potential, make them increase their knowledge, acquire skills, improve their personality, enhance their social adaptability and become useful talents to society.
Blind school: one of the important types of special education schools, it is an institution that implements special education for children and adolescents with visual impairment.
In addition to the same educational tasks as ordinary schools, there are also educational tasks to make up for vision defects, cultivate self-care ability and certain labor skills, and create conditions for equal participation in social competition.
School for the Deaf: An institution that provides special education for children and adolescents with hearing and language disabilities.
Schools for the deaf not only undertake the same teaching tasks as ordinary schools, but also have a special task, that is, to make up for the defects of the deaf and make them develop normally physically and mentally.
Mental Retardation School: An institution that provides special education for mentally retarded children and adolescents.
Education and training should be carried out according to the characteristics of children with intellectual disabilities, to make up for their weaknesses, to adapt to behavioral defects, and to cultivate them into self-reliant workers who adapt to social life.
Schools that accept blind, deaf and mentally retarded students at the same time are comprehensive schools.
In order to facilitate the use of disabled students, special teaching rooms are set up in professional teaching areas or near ordinary classrooms with high frequency of use, which is convenient for collaborative use.
Special teaching rooms should be equipped with supporting rooms and doors.
This time, taking the art classroom in a special classroom as an example, this paper analyzes how to design the art classroom in a special school.
Art classroom Art classroom is located in three special education schools and is a professional classroom for art curriculum education.
Art design courses mainly include art calligraphy education, handicraft education and ceramic education.
Each class should be equipped with independent classrooms and auxiliary rooms.
If the vocational education direction of some schools is art education and ceramic design, the setting of classrooms can be appropriately expanded to keep in touch with vocational classrooms and cultivate junior students' interest in participation.
Considering the characteristics of visually impaired students, art courses in blind schools mainly focus on students' close observation and operation, such as handicraft making, calligraphy and pottery.
There are no obvious restrictions on art classes in deaf-mute schools, which are similar to ordinary schools. In addition to blind schools, it also includes artistic sketch and craft making courses with obvious regional characteristics.
Art classes in schools with mental retardation emphasize students' hands-on ability, deliberately exercise and promote the development of students' fine movements, and focus on hands-on.
Materials and props used in art classrooms are generally stored in special rooms, and different partitions are formed in the form of manual activities through actions.
The whole classroom needs good natural lighting.
Art classrooms in blind schools and schools with mental retardation mainly require students with low vision and developmental disabilities to draw on desks, rarely use remote observation of still life teaching methods, and there is no requirement for sketching to run out of light, so it is not necessary to set them in places without direct sunlight.
Art classrooms in schools for the deaf should be equipped with skylight lighting or north lighting according to the requirements of art sketch classrooms in ordinary schools to avoid the influence of sunlight on still life light.
The area of the art classroom must meet the space for students to use benches and easels to paint. According to the survey results and the experience of teachers and students in the school, when students sketch the bench, they occupy an area of 4 students, which can avoid mutual interference.
When students are admitted to an easel through sketching, the per capita use area of students should be 5/ student.
The front and rear walls of the classroom should be equipped with power sockets, curtain boxes and wall hanging lines.
Lockers can use the top space to set up hanging cabinets so that more indoor space can be used for teaching activities; It is also equipped with a preparation room. The preparation room has 2-3 faucet pools along the wall. The preparation room of the art classroom should be able to store consumables, easels, pigments, various molds, exhibition stands, etc. For painting. The art classroom should be equipped with glass screens and signs along the back wall; In the classroom where exhibits and models are stored indoors, a large area of manual workbench should be set along the wall; The layout of the workbench should consider the working interval and the lighting and lighting required for the processing work.
Design points of art calligraphy area: art category; Art and calligraphy classes in deaf-mute schools can be taken together. The shared art and calligraphy classrooms should be relatively clearly divided. If students are used for art sketch and painting and calligraphy teaching indoors, they can accommodate a class of students for teaching indoors at the same time.
According to the teaching content, the classroom is divided into two parts.
In front of the classroom is a painting and calligraphy teaching area, which is divided into a multimedia teaching area where teachers teach and a provision configuration area where students practice painting and calligraphy.
Sketch teaching is arranged at the back of the classroom, which is mainly divided into still life model table by the wall and bench drawn by the central students.
Because sketch is different from the teaching AIDS used in painting and calligraphy and the desks and chairs used by students, the teaching of sketch and painting and calligraphy in ordinary primary and secondary schools should be divided into functional classrooms.
However, there are 12 students in each class in the school for the blind and deaf, and there are few benches and articles needed for sketching and painting. Therefore, we can combine sketch and painting training courses into art and calligraphy training courses, which is also conducive to art teachers to organize teaching.
The art and calligraphy classrooms in blind schools are mainly laptops. 1, the desktop must have enough area. Single table should not be less than 600mmx 1000mm, and double table should not be less than 600 MMX1200 mm. Can be combined into a group table according to educational needs.
2. For the desktop operated by the teacher, we should consider the touch of the blind and intuitively perceive the teacher's demonstration works and teaching AIDS. The floor space should be large enough and equipped with special artificial light source for lighting.
3. The wall of the classroom can be treated with a paintable wall that is easy to paste with drawing paper. For example, nail iron walls with wooden plugs or magnetic bars.
Wall materials, digital calligraphy equipment, design points of manual areas, art classrooms and handicraft classrooms are mainly made by paper art, bricklaying, metalworking and carpentry, which is beneficial for deaf students to feel the art and exercise fine movements.
1. Handicraft class adopts single-table teaching mode, with flexible desk layout, which can be arranged in matrix or ring around the center, or integrated into a big table to complete large-scale handicrafts.
2. Because students are hard of hearing and can't communicate in time, the student workshop can be arranged in the middle of the classroom, and metalworking, carpentry and bricklaying tables can be arranged on both sides of the long side of the classroom.
Each classroom has an area of not less than 80, including 20 lesson preparation rooms, which store all kinds of materials needed for teaching and provide an operating platform for teachers to edit materials roughly.
3. There are many articles in handicraft courses, and the preparation area and storage area should be closed separately and managed by teachers to avoid the safety problems of students jumping and colliding.
4. Blind people's perception range is limited, so enough distance should be kept between tables and chairs to avoid accidentally injuring others when carrying props.
Baffles should be set around students' desks to prevent small objects from falling.
Large-scale woodworking requires professional workbench, origami and bamboo weaving, and it is also convenient to combine the design points of ceramic classrooms. The layout of ceramic classrooms in art schools for the blind and deaf is similar.
In order to facilitate students' eye contact, students' work areas should be arranged in groups, and students should have direct eye contact.
Display cabinets can be set with open cabinets and glass cabinets within the sight of students to display students' works.
The corner of the classroom needs to be equipped with a dedicated pool and washbasin. The pool is used for teaching water, and the high and low pools can be set separately from the student washbasin.
Ceramic classroom covers an area of more than 80, including a preparation room for 20 people and an electric kiln barbecue room for ceramic barbecue for 30 people.
For the sake of safety, the electric kiln can be installed separately, away from students' daily activities.
Due to the heavy weight of the equipment needed for the preparation work such as electric kiln and dredger, the pottery classroom can be located on the first floor with an exit to the outside.
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