Practice of Establishing "Intermediary" Schools —— Taking Tianjin Vocational College as an Example
Combining the core concept of learning, the mode of higher vocational education and the outstanding characteristics of vocational education. Explore the development path of "school and society, specialty and industry, curriculum and new job" in higher vocational colleges, and innovate "work-study combination" as an important premise and foundation for the practice of talent training mode.
Keywords: engineering facilities combined with vocational education; The premise is the combination of work and study, the dual system in Germany, the sandwich education in Britain, the cooperative education in the United States and Canada, the cooperation between industry and learning in Japan, and the industry-oriented training model TAFE in Australia all have different degrees of success. The school education mode of combining work with study highlights students' dominant position, establishes accurate career orientation, makes full use of different educational environments and resources inside and outside the school, and combines classroom-style school social work education with direct experience to provide social space and the most adequate guarantee for employed students.
The outstanding feature of the talent training mode of higher vocational education combining work with study is the core concept of higher education. Implementing the development path of "school and social facilities, professional and industrial facilities, curriculum and work facilities" is the premise and foundation of innovative "work-study combination". After many years' practice, we know and re-practice the talent training mode of Tianjin Vocational College, and then understand the foundation of economic, social and lifelong development.
Schools and social facilities: the "zero distance" between professional culture and industrial development
The basic point of schools and social facilities is the direction determined by science and truly integrated into the process of social development. School culture is closely linked with the pulse of social development and is an important part of social and cultural construction. University is essentially a cultural phenomenon and an important foundation for university survival. Development and blood are different symptoms and characteristics between universities. As a special type of higher education, the construction of professional culture is a basic, forward-looking and strategic work, and it is a global trend based on the reality of economic and social development of higher education. A basic point, based on the exploration and practice of lifelong education, everyone's needs.
1。 The development trend of the times, professional culture leads the construction. "
Vocational education is a development trend of a special type of higher education, which is closely related to economic globalization, changes in industrial structure, people's all-round development and people's needs.
Same occupation, different culture, university culture. The same content, the same aspect is profound, with ideals, beliefs and pursuits, and gradually formed traditional advantages and characteristics, reflecting the history of the school, and also in order to maintain the internal strength of operation, the source of cohesion and unity, lay the ideological, theoretical and cultural foundation, and promote the reform and development of the school. Cultural connotation and homogenization culture in higher vocational colleges. Industries, enterprises and social fields with the aim of professional culture and employment orientation all have the fundamental attributes of their occupations: production lines developed on the basis of service and high-quality technical expertise, and their professional characteristics, occupation and environment, professional skills, professional ethics and cultural quality constitute the rich content of professional culture.
The professional culture of Tianjin Vocational and Technical College is called "professional culture", and its functions in personnel training, social service and cultural guidance are gradually expanding. Through years of accumulation, the basic points are: scientifically position yourself under the background of development, highlight the connotation of innovative projects, establish the same values, ways of thinking and behaviors in combination with the "talent training model", form the premise, standardize and improve the educational characteristics of the school, and follow the "impact reflection". Based on the principle of comprehensive consideration, we should know ourselves and fully understand the customer, a deep-rooted corporate culture shared by its followers, students, propagandists and employees, and realize the connotation and extension of the real value concept definition in practice. The overall planning and step-by-step implementation of the construction of spiritual and cultural system culture and material and cultural schools constitute the most basic and sustainable competitive advantage and become the vitality and value-added potential for the sustainable development of enterprises.
"Professional culture" has led the long-term practice of the school, especially in the aspects of technical training level, education evaluation, construction projects of national model higher vocational colleges and school-running strategies, etc., which has strengthened the development of our relationship with other ministries and commissions, the implementation of higher vocational education service activities, further enhanced the taste and connotation of professional culture, and established unchangeable values?
2。 Innovative service concept of school-running spiritual and cultural construction
Spiritual and cultural construction is the core and soul of professional culture, including school-running concept, school spirit, school motto, school spirit, teaching, scientific research, school emblem, school song and so on.
Our educational philosophy is the fundamental guiding ideology and pursuit of the relatively stable long-term accumulation of ideals, beliefs, morals and sentiments in a highly professional culture, and it is also the school motto and spirit of the same school. The school establishes a service-oriented application as the foundation and a unique group with quality. That is, the theoretical abstract value of internalization, sublimation and crystallization on the basis of long-term school-running practice is concise and inevitable, which fully embodies the function, quality and value of the school.
The roots of service-oriented application gives a high-level overview of the school's positioning and standard training, and is the epitome of the school's realistic spirit and consciousness innovation of a unique group. The school mottos of "culture" and "specialty" are characterized by different traditions, spiritual maxims and school spirit. They are rational abstractions of schools and schools, school mottos that recognize their cultural traditions, cultural spirits and school spirit, and also traditions and spirits of schools with cultural awareness and habits. The displayed "cultural business cards" constitute different cultural patterns of students' thinking and behavior. Moral education, education can force a real, new force "school motto diligence, truth-seeking, unity and innovation" school spirit, which fully embodies the overall requirements of the school to serve the society, as well as the unified and standardized code of conduct for faculty and students.
In a sense, the school spirit of "diligence, truth-seeking, unity and innovation" is gradually formed and continuously established, and "moral education" can force reality, a new "school motto", which is determined by the orientation and direction of a school, its basic cognitive function, its educational concept and development strategy.
3。 Reform and development of standardized system behavior culture
The culture formed by the school's organizational structure and the mechanism of operating rules system belongs to the guidance, restriction and standardization of professional culture. On this basis, it is very important for schools to maintain normal order safely. The system is mandatory, but it has been recognized and become an internal acceptance. Only when education has no spiritual influence can teachers and students consciously abide by and maintain it.
The training objectives and requirements of the school have gradually consolidated the basic institutional culture. Including the implementation of school management, the establishment of scientific and democratic decision-making and democratic management mechanism, the reform of personnel distribution system and management system, the formation of professional cultural attributes, the innovation of talent training system, and the operation mode of talent growth.
Under the leadership of the Party Committee, the headmaster is responsible for the coordination mechanism of administrative and academic powers, establishing efficient and effective implementation, giving play to the democratic supervision and management system of the Congress, and undertaking the academic and professional management, organization and guidance of the UNESCO Committee. In the early 1990s, according to the connotation and requirements of the construction of professional culture, it was gradually popularized in recent years on the basis of the participation of industries, enterprises, social organizations and government departments, with the characteristics of professionalism and openness.
School personnel distribution system reform, professional cultural property management system. The reform of personnel distribution system began in 200 1 and went through a three-year cycle. In 2008, it entered the third implementation stage. This reform has established and improved a set of talent training mode of "combining learning, teaching, research, management and service", which has laid the foundation for establishing an effective and fair competition mechanism, an incentive mechanism and a new restraint mechanism.
On the basis of innovating the "work-study combination" talent training mode, the school needs a series of flexible teaching management, teaching guarantee and teaching evaluation systems that adapt to the development of enterprises and personalities, and in practice, it implements the vocational qualification certificate system, the implementation of the "order" training mode, the comprehensive evaluation of students' education and management activities, and the "rate" assessment of social construction, so as to promote students' employment competitiveness.
4。 Implement the material and cultural construction of environmental construction and personnel training.
The carrier of professional culture is the basic condition of a school, but it also transcends the internal spiritual form of the school and embodies the connotation and taste of the school's material and cultural construction. Ecology, humanities, network, hardware construction, characteristic material culture, the form of "core" of professional culture, humanistic environment with certain value goal, aesthetic intention and educational significance, and campus environment built on campus.
The content of the construction comes from the campus environment and human landscape of the school, and it is the artistic works of appearance, school capacity, architectural structure, classroom, exhibition hall and playground. All the ways, stones, scenes and objects are marked with "the motto of moral educators, magazines, books, posters, signs and vehicles are exquisite and beautiful", and all of them contain the culture of "obligation", which strengthens the feast for the eyes. These specific cultural symbols make teachers and students everywhere, and everything feels the sense of identity and belonging formed by the subtle way of American culture and American thought, which has certain cultural value. And ideological value.
Establishing professional atmosphere and practicing characteristic humanistic environment and cultural scene means building teaching environment, facilities and training places, designing teaching factories and workshops of teaching environment, combining theory with practice, teaching him, training him, integrating research with training, and learning while learning. At present, the construction of this campus cultural environment has become a major construction project. In addition, a demonstration opportunity outside the training base construction also presents a geometric development trend.
Establish a digital and online teaching culture project, which is the construction of a school. From the perspective of higher vocational education and economy, we should actively adapt to the requirements of information technology development and speed up the construction of digital campus. Among them, the construction of campus multimedia online teaching system, characteristic database vocational education information resource platform, digital library and office automation system will form the key technical research channels for the academic development of education and teaching, ideological and moral construction, government affairs openness and operation.
Second, professional and industrial equipment: "zero" of cultural and practical needs
Professional training and the "zero" demand of industrial enterprises are the second-level facilities. At this level, the school will always take the majors needed by the market, the courses and practical skills needed by enterprises, the post standards of quality and the experience of social evaluation as the "zero distance" link of the school's major setting, adjustment and construction, social development services, and the needs of industries and enterprises.
Speciality limits the training objectives and specifications, serving the needs of society and individuals. The school is market-oriented, always studies the demand, puts the quasi-pulse of adapting to changes in the first place, and adopts various forms of cooperation between industries and enterprises to continuously improve the adaptability, openness and practicality of the school.
1。 Integrating social resources, on the basis of the first batch of national model school projects, the school paid more attention to integrating social resources, campus (regional) cooperation, school-enterprise cooperation and other forms to participate in the construction of model schools in 2007, and achieved remarkable results. It is formed on the basis of implementing the reform of talent training mode of combining work with study.
Tianjin Eye Hospital establishes school-enterprise cooperation: "Teaching, scientific research and training cooperation in the School of Ophthalmology and Optics of Tianjin Vocational College; Chemical Design Institute has signed cooperative learning culture (order) agreements with hundreds of enterprises, including Qigong Co., Tanggu Development Zone, Tianjin Binhai Branch, Yong Packaging Co., Ltd., China Bluestar (Group) Co., Ltd. and Japanese Duty Free Group, to expand the combination of cooperative learning and culture. At the same time, with cooperation and government management, Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone has formed a working committee "school-enterprise cooperation, Industry-University-Research combination and common training". The Institute of Electronics and Information Engineering of Tianjin Polytechnic is composed of scientific research institutes and seven information technology companies. The cooperation between vocational training institutions and schools, the joint school-running project of Jinghai county vocational colleges and adult vocational education centers, signed a six-year agreement. Construction of Tianjin women's vocational education and training service center and community groups, Tianjin Women's Federation, vocational training, education and training.
2。 Deepen the training of "work-study combination" with the help of business advantages. Through school-enterprise cooperation and campus (regional) cooperation, the teaching mode with "order" as the main body continues to deepen the school, and under the operating mechanism of "work-study combination", the training quality has been greatly improved.
Dealing with "orders"-the cooperation of International College Day Group further explains the real order training mode-looking for "orders"-oriented schools and customers who "build" school orders. After the Olympic Games, the group expanded its business scale and recruited a large number of employees. However, strict recruitment conditions. Through direct dialogue and interviews, the group has achieved good prospects in English, Japanese and the overall quality of the group many times. The group has signed an "order" agreement with the school for four consecutive years and accepted a large number of students to train in the enterprise. In view of this, the new teaching mode and teaching content order adjustment scheme implemented by the college have greatly improved students' social employment competitiveness according to the work requirements.
According to the development requirements, the major of packaging technology and design in Bohai Rim region signed an order-based training agreement with 10 enterprises such as Tianjin Chang Rong Printing and Packaging Equipment Co., Ltd. and Tianjin Jingsai Smell Packaging Products Industrial Co., Ltd., and students in Chang Rong class arranged internships, provided scholarships in the enterprises and schools where they studied the theory until graduation, and arranged technicians to give lectures on the spot. Orders not only arouse the enthusiasm of schools, but also put forward more orders for enterprises-training employees for enterprises.
Engineering alternation-As an international metropolis, modern financial, trade and tourist city, Tianjin hotel industry has developed rapidly in recent years. Hotel management majors adopt flexible ways to meet the needs of hotel engineering exchange teaching, such as recruiting employees, seasonal employment, and personnel during internship. Amateur training activities, in 2007, the hotel management major practiced the teaching system through classroom interaction: in the first classroom, "teaching and doing" were carried out alternately, and teaching and training were combined; The second kind of quality policy practice, strengthening the community organization of professional scenes, vocational training, skill competitions and practical activities; The third category is "on-the-job training", which involves participating in enterprise practice, organizing work practice, graduation practice and other activities.
Integration project-on the basis of forming corresponding business needs, combining with the talent training mode of combining work with study, we will constantly improve and promote the true "combination boxing" between schools and enterprises. Mechanical manufacturing and its automation, electrical automation engineering, in 2007, most of the "order", "Tiangang class", "Tang Chen thermoelectric class, three-star class" modes were realized in different forms, but one thing is the same: according to the needs of business, the teaching plan was re-formulated, and classes were evaluated in posts, schools and enterprises respectively.
Internship for more than 6 months-meets all the requirements of postgraduate internship. In 2007, more than 80% of college students and interns participated in the overall teaching of the training center, and more than 30% of practical research applied the internship plan of chemical technology graduates to support research and production. Carry out post rotation, train students to set up a training workshop for film production and separation in Tianjin Kelin Technology Co., Ltd., and participate in project development activities in actual production operations.
The hotel management major in cooperation with Japan Group is a "completely cultural alternation". I started to work in the second year of college, participated in enterprise training programs in the form of school-enterprise study, study and internship culture in Tasly Pharmaceutical Group, and spent 2/3 of my time studying in school and 1/3 of my time practicing in enterprises. Students can manage according to the identity of future employees of the enterprise.
* * * Enjoyment-In 2007, Tianjin Packaging Technology Association and the research base of the school and the expansion of the school relied on industry associations to establish public technical service channels and broaden the service industry stage. "Training for teachers of packaging structure design, packaging art design for enterprises" and "Graphic image processing, talent training and identification activities" are aimed at the whole country, so as to enhance the social service ability of the school.
The community management service major cooperates with The Times of Home by Long Fu Palace in Tianjin to explore new ways and the "order" of applied art in nursing homes. Through the "order", the basic trainer completes the student internship and teacher attachment movement, and promises to learn from enterprises, participate in the in-depth cooperation projects of enterprise management and enterprises, and participate in professional construction. Exclusive report by Tianjin Daily.
Tianjin Huitong equipment and machinery manufacturing and automation specialty set up the school's mechanical engineering training center, which became the main venue of Tianjin vocational college numerical control skill competition. In 2007, more than 62% of CNC projects in the fifth vocational college in Tianjin held skill competitions.
3。 Absorb the backbone of enterprises, "combine learning with application to implement the guarantee, take the road of specialization, and focus on some schools. In 2007, the construction of eight professional teaching teams achieved remarkable results in the past year, forming:
A "national excellent teaching team"; National packaging outstanding contribution award1;" National excellent course "Horn 2", a famous teacher and excellent teacher in Tianjin, Tianjin.
At present, eight professional and technical industries and enterprises are producing the first-line technical backbone, that is, the "double-qualified" teachers, and participating in the creation work. Technical backbone of production line, 124 "skilled craftsman" part-time teacher, to carry out professional courses, vocational skills training and vocational training tasks, to carry out curriculum construction training plan, and to formulate practical guidance for radiation specialty. Teaching team building and other ways, in the initial stage to replace basic course teachers, part-time teachers, college teachers as the main condition.
At the same time, in the construction of multi-channel teaching team: focus on building professional leaders and backbone teachers, go to the United States, Australia, New Zealand and Hong Kong for training and study, and conduct part-time corporate culture and corporate evaluation with international academic cooperation; Teachers participate in production practice and strengthen vocational skills training. The school organized 35 vocational skills competitions for young teachers below grade 2007, which attracted attention. Tianjin Daily Mail, the professional skill appraisal of nine occupations undertaken by the labor department was held for the first time in Tianjin University, vice chairman of Tianjin Federation of Trade Unions.
Courses and operating facilities: teaching and professional ability requirements are "zero"
Curriculum construction is a key point of teaching reform in colleges and universities, but it can also take the innovation project of Aorta School as the starting point to meet the needs of training high-skilled talents and docking professional posts. According to the promotion task of "personnel training mode" and the requirements of typical professional and technical posts, in the process of curriculum construction, through pilot curriculum design, the curriculum system based on working process is reconstructed, new curriculum standards are established, and new teaching innovation activities (including teaching materials) are formed.
The deconstructed and reconstructed curriculum system is mainly reflected in three aspects according to the responsibilities and ability requirements of professional posts: course assignment processing facilities, the intermediary between courses and vocational qualification certificates, and the intermediary between courses and project tasks.
1。 Intermediary in the process of curriculum work
The process based on system working process is an important theoretical research and practical innovation activity. It is necessary to rebuild a new curriculum system that adapts to professional ability. Breaking the subject curriculum system is an arduous and complicated activity. It is necessary to deconstruct the original curriculum system, rebuild the concept of the new curriculum, establish a new curriculum system, form new curriculum content, and establish a new building foundation and operating platform.
To this end, we try to organize forces to build a curriculum system in four steps:
First of all, the professional field (location) is a typical research task. Including: industrial production and work research, study, visiting research, domestic and foreign courses. Large-scale market-oriented curriculum construction research, after repeated argumentation by front-line technicians from more than a dozen organizations, industries and enterprises, teachers and seminars of the school invited experts from different fields to give lectures and exchange, which took shape initially? Ideas? School curriculum: foundation-oriented, deconstruction and reconstruction is a new curriculum system based on professional ability demand and working process orientation, which is deconstructed and reconstructed on the basis of the original curriculum system.
Secondly, a road map has been made to establish courses based on working process. This paper studies the concept and construction practice of "combining career-oriented vocational education with market demand training and operation platform" to improve students' employment competitiveness. Different viewpoints, professional post production (work) tasks, professional category establishment roadmap, process keynote speech, school formation: the unity of principles, different paths and different characteristics, thus forming a typical working process course (mechanical manufacturing, automation, optometry, technical expertise, etc. ), task situation course (applied chemical technology), project development project (logistics management)
Third, choose a new professional curriculum construction pilot. 8. Focus on reforming the professional practice curriculum system. The specialty focuses on the typical tasks of the specialty and the corresponding professional and technical posts of radiation research, and completes the work in the process. On the basis of classifying a product, a project or an independent scheme and a closed-loop system in detail, according to the requirements of theoretical knowledge, it is carried out in accordance with the overall design, curriculum content and curriculum standards, and the design and formation of the curriculum system. At the same time, the new curriculum confirms the name of the process represented by the verb structure.
Characteristics and operation mode of new teaching form "work-study combination" talent training mode. As a "double-qualified" professional teaching team, production training base and flexible teaching management system, it has a gradual deepening guarantee in the process of creating a "work-study combination" talent training model.
Repeatedly discussed the development of key construction majors, and made several rounds of innovation and new curriculum construction programs.
Finally, fully implement the new curriculum system construction activities. The smooth implementation of the annual national demonstration vocational college construction project provides the best opportunity for course facilities and workflow, and creates the best guarantee, guidance and the strongest conceptual foundation. Various professional courses based on work process-oriented architectural activities are offered in an all-round way. In the third round of personnel management reform, the school provides vocational education and training combined with basic safe operation and protection engineering personnel training, taking improving the overall power foundation and system protection quality as an important starting point and deepening the construction process.
2。 The intermediary between curriculum and vocational qualification certificate
The school regards "double certificates" as an element to serve the needs of society, and begins to adjust through the cultivation of top design talents. Double-certificate system is included in the teaching plan, and efforts are made to gradually deepen it.
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