In British building safety management, the biggest feature is to act according to law. The perfect legal system ensures employers' attention to safety and workers' good safety culture quality, which makes the incidence of construction accidents in Britain at a low level. Britain regards safety education and training as the basis of construction management and has formed an effective training system.
1, British building safety training system
(1) Training objectives
Britain's Labor Safety and Health Act requires construction workers to have enough knowledge of safety education and training before starting work. All on-the-job workers, whether full-time or part-time, must receive more than 8 hours of safety education courses. The Management Rules of Workplace Safety and Health stipulates that all personnel on site should receive safety education and training.
(2) Training institutions
The institutions engaged in building safety education and training in Britain are mainly trade associations and consulting companies. For example, there are the British Construction Industry Training Board and various business associations. For example, the Federation of Building Employers, the Federation of Architects, the Building Federation, the Health and Safety Consulting Company, the British Safety Council, the Royal Accident Prevention Association and the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute. Generally speaking, the establishment of building safety education and training institutions in Britain is diversified. If the enterprise itself can undertake the training work, it can conduct internal training. If they can't afford it, most of them still rely on independent third-party training institutions.
In addition, the biggest advantage of training institutions is to provide targeted training for employers. Before training, training institutions will analyze the training needs of enterprises, analyze the training needs of enterprises, the training needs of various positions and the training needs of individuals in the same batch, and formulate enterprise training plans according to the analysis results.
(3) Training content
1) Safety management personnel education and training content Britain pays more attention to job responsibilities and related management, especially risk management. Courses offered by various institutions include theoretical knowledge and practical training on risk management, accident investigation, behavior evaluation, health and safety management, risk management and control in construction production activities, fire safety, health and safety production law, on-site environmental management, etc.
2) content of safety education and training for construction personnel
① The safety education and training provided by British Building Health and Safety Group for new employees mainly includes safety overview, accident prevention and reporting, health and welfare, aerial work, personal protective equipment, first aid, fire prevention, electrical safety, noise and vibration, safety signs and signals. Public courses mainly include on-site safety management, enclosed space safety, work equipment safety, machinery and lifting operation safety, on-site safety and health, first aid safety knowledge, etc. The outstanding feature of these courses is their practicality.
② For special jobs such as aerial work, crane driver and electrician, the safety education and training in Britain will pay more attention to the combination of theory and practice. Taking the training of crane operators as an example, one-day courses include theoretical courses and practical courses. The theoretical course is the health and safety production law, the rules and regulations of lifting operation and lifting equipment and the use of working equipment, so that workers can master basic theoretical knowledge. That is, workers are required to operate and practice according to the theoretical knowledge they have learned after the theoretical study is completed.
Overview of training objects and training contents of safety education in British construction enterprises
(4) Training methods
The British Health and Safety Work Management Regulations stipulate that workers must receive safety training in a safe workplace. Therefore, workers can't rely on the knowledge they have learned from the workers on the construction site, because in the so-called imitation learning, they are likely to learn some bad habits or incorrect practices of workers. This form of "master with apprentice" mode is not feasible. In other words, on-the-job on-site training is generally not commonly used.
Safety education in Britain is mainly organized by various associations, trade unions and other third parties. Therefore, the training methods are mainly full-time safety education training and safety skills training. Generally, face-to-face safety education and training such as demonstration, computer-aided teaching, visit and discussion and systematic network safety education and training are adopted. Under normal circumstances, training institutions will systematically and comprehensively use these methods when selecting methods, reflecting the advantages of each method. It is characterized by advanced means, heuristic teaching and attention to effect. Teachers will pay more attention to cultivating students' learning motivation and stimulate students' interest in learning to the greatest extent. In addition, teachers sometimes prepare prizes for workers with excellent training results in advance to stimulate students' desire to learn. Considering the knowledge and ability of some construction workers, they will adopt more interesting teaching methods. The use of cartoon animation is easy to understand.
(5) Training evaluation and effect evaluation
In terms of training assessment, the requirements of training institutions are more detailed and divided into theoretical assessment and training assessment. Reasonably arrange assessments at all levels. For example, written tests and interviews are used to assess the comprehensive level of managers. For special personnel, pay attention to the assessment of actual operation. Simplify the setting of assessment content. For example, the assessment of on-site construction personnel has fewer theoretical topics and more inspections at the operational level.
After the training, the organization will evaluate the training effect and feed back the evaluation results to the trainers in time for summary and improvement.
(6) Daily safety education
The management of health and safety work in Britain stipulates that the guidance and management of workers by the site team leader and the owner's safety representative is the most basic in daily work. If there are any incorrect practices, point them out immediately. In the process of training, we should correctly and actively convey the necessity and importance of training to employees and guide them to pass the training examination smoothly. At the daily site meeting, a safety education and training knowledge contest can be held. In addition, we should also help workers learn to identify dangerous factors in their work. Try to control the accident risk.
In the daily production process, the publicity of safety education knowledge and the development of safety activities are also a major feature of safety education and training in Britain. Pay attention to the safety awareness training of on-site construction personnel and carry out various safety production activities. Employers should always pay attention to the health and safety status of each employee, timely communicate the safety operation problems at work, and improve the safety awareness of employees.
Step 2 enlighten
The practice of building construction safety education and training in Britain has the characteristics of systematic mode.
For example, first of all, before the training, the third-party training institutions will analyze the needs of each construction enterprise and its employees and get accurate training needs; The safety representatives sent by contractors, employers and owners must know the safety knowledge and skills of construction personnel.
Secondly, the training plan is scientific and reasonable. All employees of the training target; The training content is close to the operation requirements of the construction site; The training methods are diverse and interesting, which can attract the learning interest of students at different levels; Training facilities are relatively complete, teachers are trained professionally, and construction theory knowledge and practical experience are rich, which can meet the learning requirements of managers and field workers; ?
Third, in the process of training implementation, pay attention to the feedback of training effect. Full participation, training and evaluation process. The training teacher will conduct training assessment at any time.
After the final training is completed, both training institutions and enterprises will pay more attention to the evaluation of training effect. Take different forms to understand whether the workers have mastered the training content, whether the unsafe behavior on the construction site has decreased, and whether it can affect other personnel. And statistics of enterprise safety accidents, in-depth evaluation of the training effect.
The good building safety situation in Britain is related to the development of effective safety education and training mode. These experiences and practices provide reference for Chinese construction enterprises to establish a systematic training model.
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