1, basic situation of public welfare forest in Banqiao Forest Farm
Banqiao Forest Farm is located in Banqiao, Yicheng District, Zhumadian City, bounded by 32 50 ′ ~ 3310 ′ north latitude and113/0/5 ′ ~13 45 ′ east longitude. The northeast, northwest and north border Queshan County, Fangcheng County and Wugang City respectively. The total area of forest management is 1.28 million hm2, and the total area of public welfare forests is 1.2 1.00 million hm2, of which the area of national public welfare forests recognized by the state in 2004 was 0.95 million hm2, and the area of provincial public welfare forests recognized in 2006 was 0.26 million hm2, all of which are water conservation forests with state ownership and forest coverage rate. There are abundant wildlife resources such as mammals, amphibians and squirrels distributed in the region.
2, the development of public welfare forest work
2. 1 Pay special attention to the selection of rangers and the cultivation of professional ability.
The quality of rangers determines the success or failure of public welfare forest management. To this end, Banqiao Forest Farm set up a special public welfare forest management office and appointed two forestry technical backbones to manage public welfare forests full-time. Full-time forest rangers shall be appointed once a year in accordance with the principle of competitive appointment and merit-based employment. Forest rangers who manage public welfare forests are produced among the formal employees with the level of "forest management and protection" in the wild, and they are certified to sign the "Management and Protection Contract for Public Welfare Forests in State-owned Banqiao Forest Farm". The contract clearly stipulates the scope, area, duration, rights, remuneration, obligations and liability for breach of contract of the ranger. According to the "Measures for the Management of Ecological Public Welfare Forests in Henan Province", the management and protection areas are divided and determined under the principle of not breaking the forest species, and the management and protection service fees of forest rangers are paid in combination with the file salary of forest rangers. The field public welfare forest management office is responsible for on-the-job training on relevant policies and regulations, forest fire prevention, forest pest control, wildlife protection and other related public welfare forest management knowledge for selected rangers, so that rangers can have forest management skills and be better qualified for public welfare forest management.
2.2 Establish a long-term management mechanism and pay special attention to post responsibility supervision.
In order to strengthen the long-term management of public welfare forest management, Banqiao Forest Farm signed a "second-level contract" in strict accordance with the management measures of public welfare forest. Banqiao Forest Farm and the Municipal Forestry Bureau first signed the National Public Welfare Forest Management Contract and the Provincial Public Welfare Forest Management Contract, and then Banqiao Forest Farm and the Rangers signed the Henan Provincial Public Welfare Forest Ranger Protection Contract to specifically implement the management responsibilities. In order to standardize the management of rangers, evaluate the management effect of rangers, and establish a long-term mechanism, the Detailed Rules for the Management and Protection of Rangers of Ecological Public Welfare Forests in State-owned Banqiao Forest Farm were formulated. Public welfare forest management office is responsible for professional ethics education and business knowledge training for the selected rangers. Public welfare forest management office is responsible for the performance appraisal of the selected rangers, and the rangers' service fees are linked to the rangers' performance, and incompetent or unqualified rangers are replaced in time. The management office of wild public welfare forest holds a regular meeting of forest rangers every month, and randomly inspects the posts no less than 2 times, checks the log records of forest rangers, and signs in the posts. Whether there are illegal logging, indiscriminate mining, indiscriminate grazing, indiscriminate hunting and other phenomena that destroy public welfare forest resources in the management and protection area. The ranger's leave must be approved by the director of the forest area, and the leave slip shall prevail, indicating the reason and time of leave. Telephone leave is not recognized. The forest protection log requires daily records, and carefully records the time, weather, patrol route, case records during patrol, illegal investigation records and publicity records. At the same time, rangers are required to achieve "three musts": they must record patrol logs, participate in training seriously, and insist on attending regular meetings. The management office of public welfare forest reports the inspection results in time, which provides the basis for the on-the-spot assessment of forest rangers and then arranges the next management and protection work [1].
2.3 Strengthen publicity and create a good atmosphere of public opinion.
Public welfare forest management involves a wide range and has strong policy. Many grass-roots workers and people in forest areas don't understand the ecological function of public welfare forests, and they are not clear about the national forest ecological benefit compensation policy. In order to ensure the smooth operation of public welfare forest, it is impossible to realize it only by forestry department. It is necessary to raise public awareness and mobilize the enthusiasm of the whole society. To this end, we held a training class on public welfare forests, and publicized forestry laws and regulations and forest classification management reform policies to the broad masses through radio, television, publicity vehicles, printed brochures and various publicity channels. At the same time, set up public welfare forest signs at the main intersections and river intersections around key public welfare forests to clarify the scope of management and protection of public welfare forests, responsibilities and matters needing attention in entering key public welfare forest areas. Through the implementation of these works, the understanding and support of social personnel have been obtained, which effectively prevented the occurrence of artificial destruction of public welfare forest resources such as grazing, chopping wood, illegal requisition and occupation of public welfare forest and loss of standing trees, reduced the burden of public welfare forest managers and improved the society's understanding of the concept of public welfare forest.
2.4 improve public welfare forest archives and database management
Banqiao Forest Farm has set up a public welfare forest management office, and it is clear that a special person will do a good job in the archives management of public welfare forests. From the definition of public welfare forest zoning to management and protection contracts, related management schemes, methods, rules and regulations and superior documents, they are classified into different levels of authority and stored in different categories. There is a special person in charge of archives, and there is a special archives room and filing cabinet to give full play to the scientific and continuous nature of archives and make the archives management of public welfare forests more standardized and orderly. Establish and improve the ecological public welfare forest database in Henan Province, comprehensively check the whole ecological public welfare forest, verify the sub-class area and related factors of public welfare forest, implement all national public welfare forests and provincial public welfare forests into specific sub-classes, make vector database in shp format and basic information database of ecological public welfare forest sub-class in Henan Province, and improve the relevant information of public welfare forest database.
2.5 Establish a supervision mechanism and strengthen scientific and technological support.
Forest farms should strengthen fund management in accordance with the Measures for the Administration of Central Forest Ecological Benefit Compensation Fund and the Measures for the Administration of Ecological Public Welfare Forests in Henan Province, so as to ensure that the funds are earmarked and shall not be withheld, deducted or used for other purposes, so as to ensure that the funds are really used for the management of public welfare forests.
2.6 Pay attention to management performance and improve ecological awareness.
The detailed rules for the management and protection of forest rangers in state-owned Banqiao Forest Farm stipulates that the management and protection effect of forest rangers is linked to the labor cost of forest protection. If no forest fire, deforestation or occupation of forest land occurs within one year in the ranger management and protection area, the forest protection contract shall be renewed first, and the forest protection contract shall be terminated for the rangers who fail to pass the examination. Establish a publicity mechanism to improve employees' awareness of ecological protection. Comrades in charge of public welfare forest management should not only learn the regulations and compensation policies of public welfare forest management first, but also actively provide learning materials for forest rangers and leaders, adopt flexible learning forms and methods, and do a good job in public welfare forest management.
3. Existing problems
3. 1 Low forest quality
Banqiao Forest Farm is a poor supplier, 30% of the funds come from financial allocation, and 70% need to be raised by itself. In order to survive, forest farms strive for low-yield forest transformation, clear-cutting trees and other projects, forest vegetation is destroyed, leading to a decline in forest quality. The tree species of Banqiao Forest Farm are Pinus massoniana, Pinus thunbergii and Quercus acutissima, which were built when the farm was built. Single tree species, many pure forests, few mixed forests, many broad-leaved forests and few coniferous forests. The soil layer on the mountain is thin, the trees grow slowly, the pests and diseases are serious, the site conditions in the forest area are not high, there are many vines, some trees die in a large area, and the people in the forest area are superstitious about feudalism and enter the forest area to burn paper, which makes forest fires happen from time to time, affecting the growth of trees and reducing the quality of forests. After replanting, there are too many livestock in the management and protection area, eating seedlings, slow growth of seedlings, more young and middle-aged forests and less mature forests, resulting in low quality of ecological forests, inability to effectively resist natural disasters and low level of ecological functions.
3.2 The compensation standard is low and the guarantee ability is not strong.
Since the implementation of forest ecological benefit compensation fund in ecological public welfare forest in 2004, the compensation standard of forest ecological benefit is low. Although the total amount of forestry funds invested by governments at all levels has increased year by year, there is still a big gap compared with the demand for forestry construction. Compensation funds can only meet the expenditure of forest protection services of some forest rangers, far from meeting the expenditure of replanting, replanting and infrastructure construction of public welfare forests. State-owned forest farms have not got rid of poverty, and the managers of ecological public welfare forests are not enthusiastic about their work.
3.3 The management and protection are difficult, lacking in forest protection experience and uneven in quality.
Due to historical and natural reasons, the development foundation of forestry industry is weak, which leads to the backwardness of infrastructure such as forest workstation, forest pest control and forest fire prevention, and the poor road conditions in most forest areas, which increases the difficulty of forest resources management and protection. In the selection of management and protection personnel, most of them are junior high school students, and only a few technicians and managers have college education or above. Therefore, they lack a clear understanding of the management of ecological public welfare forests and the knowledge, skills and experience of forest protection, which leads to the unclear management objectives of public welfare forests and poor forest protection effects.
4. Suggestions on public welfare forest management
According to the importance and fragility of the ecological region, the compensation standard of forest ecological benefits should be improved for the existing ecological public welfare forests, taking into account the forest quality and management difficulty. On the premise of not destroying ecology, we should make full use of the landscape resources and undergrowth resources of ecological public welfare forest, plan the protection and utilization of woodland scientifically and reasonably, ensure the sustainable development and ecological security of forestry, and realize the organic unity of ecological benefits, social benefits and economic benefits. Strengthen the management of ecological public welfare forests and completely ban logging. By tending young and middle-aged forests and cultivating large-diameter timber, the growth of reserved trees is promoted, the maturity of trees is shortened, and the quality and growth of forests are improved. Implement the diversity of afforestation tree species (suitable for the site and trees) and improve the single structure of tree species. Banqiao Forest Farm has a large area of management and protection, and the infrastructure of each forest protection point is weak, which can not adapt to the modern management mode, and it is urgent to strengthen infrastructure investment. Improving the quality of managers is to better manage the resources of ecological public welfare forests and implement the protection and restoration of ecological security barriers. Rangers should study forestry laws and regulations and train professional theoretical knowledge of the system, cultivate and expand the team of professional management and protection personnel, and enhance the basic guarantee ability of forestry.
References:
[1] Chen Wei. On the Construction of Ecological Public Welfare Forest in Dongyuan County [J]. Guangdong Forestry Science and Technology, 2004,20 (2): 63-66.
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