3. 1 Strict operation and management.

3. 1. 1 Establish a perfect command system for operation and trial operation, improve the sense of responsibility of operation and maintenance personnel, and ensure correct operation, clear division of labor and unified command.

3. 1.2 During the start-up and stop of the unit, the problems should be carefully checked and eliminated, and the unit with unknown reasons should not be started blindly. It must be confirmed to be normal before restarting. Major issues shall be studied and decided by the commander-in-chief of the start-up trial run team or the committee.

3. 1.3 startup work shall be recorded in detail. In case of major operation, the operation process and operation status shall be recorded. When the equipment system is put into operation for the first time, technical disclosure shall be made to the operators.

3. 1.4 When the whole set is started for the first time, the whole set of start-up and debugging teams should be under unified command, and the operators should complete specific operations under the guidance and supervision of debugging personnel. During the operation of the equipment, the installer shall not operate at will, and both the operator and the installer are responsible for the careful maintenance of the equipment.

3. 1.5 The personnel who debug, operate and maintain the equipment should be familiar with the equipment's location, structure, principle, performance, operation method and emergency handling methods.

4. Prevent gas explosion in the furnace and flue.

4. 1 In the flue where gas may exist, vent pipes, corresponding valves and explosion-proof doors shall be installed.

4.2 Ensure the tightness of the boiler oil gun is good, no oil leaks into the furnace, and the oil gun is atomized well to ensure complete combustion.

4.3 Try to avoid long-term operation under low load and insufficient air volume.

4.4 Strengthen the analysis of coal quality and particle size, and adjust in time to avoid gas deposition caused by incomplete combustion.

4.5 After emergency stop, check whether all dampers are closed in time, and check whether the coal feeder is completely stopped. Before stopping work to put out the fire, the temperature of the material layer should be reduced to below 500 ~ 600℃, and the oxygen content should be adjusted and increased.

4.6 Strengthen the maintenance and fire detection of boiler fire observation facilities, so that it can be put into normal operation.

5. Prevent the boiler tail from rekindling.

5. 1 During normal operation, oxygen should be safely burned, and the air volume should be properly adjusted to meet the normal combustion air-coal ratio to ensure combustion stability. The oxygen content cannot be controlled too low to prevent the carbon content of fly ash from being too high, causing a large amount of unburned fly ash to enter the tail flue.

5.2 In the process of boiler ignition, ensure good atomization of oil gun, and adjust the appropriate amount of ignition oil. After the coal is stable, exit the oil gun operation in time.

5.3 After starting the boiler and before stopping the boiler, soot blowing should be carefully performed to reduce dust accumulation in the tail flue, and combustible materials entering the tail flue during start-stop should be cleaned up in time.

5.4 In the process of boiler shutdown, strictly control the bed temperature to meet the conditions of coal feeding combustion. When the overall bed temperature is lower than 650℃, it is forbidden to feed coal into the furnace again to prevent the coal from catching fire and a large amount of fuel being brought into the tail flue.

5.5 in the process of operation, should strictly supervise the coal particle size. If the incoming coal is too large or too fine, stop feeding coal in time to ensure that the incoming coal is normal before feeding coal.

5.6 During operation and maintenance, the operation of soot blowers should be checked regularly and preventive maintenance should be carried out to ensure the normal operation of soot blowers. Soot blowing should be carried out regularly during operation to ensure normal exhaust temperature.

5.7 Before installation, the temperature measuring elements in each part of the tail flue must be carefully calibrated, and they can be installed only after holding a calibration certificate.

5.8 In normal operation, when the flue gas temperature rises abnormally, check the change of flue gas temperature at the economizer and air preheater, and stop the furnace immediately when the flue gas temperature exceeds the specified value (250 degrees).

6. Prevent boiler overpressure and overtemperature.

6. 1 Before installation, all pressure and temperature measuring elements must be calibrated and qualified calibration reports are available before installation.

6.2 Before the boiler water pressure test, safety measures must be taken to prevent overpressure, and a special person is in charge.

6.3 Before the boiler safety door jumps off again, the safety valve must be calibrated.

6.4 Boiler operators must closely monitor the wall temperature, flue gas temperature and steam temperature of various parts of the boiler, and strictly implement measures, and shall not enlarge them without authorization.

6.5 Boiler flue gas baffle and desuperheating water baffle should be carefully debugged and checked before they are put into operation. If there is any problem, contact the installation in time to eliminate it.

7. Prevent the boiler drum from being full of water and short of water.

7. 1 Ensure that the drum water level gauge indicates correctly and the water level protection is reliable.

7.2 When the steam drum water level gauge fails, first of all, maintain the stable operation of the unit, avoid adding and subtracting loads and major operations, and contact relevant personnel as soon as possible. When handling, a working ticket must be issued, and the cause of the failure, the treatment plan and the control measures for dangerous factors must be stated. If normal operation cannot be resumed within 8 hours, measures should be taken, and the construction period can be extended to 24 hours with the approval of the chief engineer.

7.3 Zero-check the drum water level gauge according to the requirements of regulations. When the deviation of each water level gauge is greater than 30mm, report it immediately and find out the reason to eliminate it.

7.4 When calibrating the water level gauge, the operators and calibrators should cooperate closely, and the unit load should run stably at full load. During the test, boiler blowing is prohibited.

7.5 When the water level of the steam drum changes greatly in operation, the causes of the water level change should be analyzed first, and blind operation is not allowed. For example, if the drum water level changes beyond the specified value and the protection refuses to act, an emergency stop should be performed.

7.6 In winter, the heating input of the measuring tube of the drum water level gauge and the reliable heating input of the water level measuring cabinet shall be guaranteed, so as to prevent the water level indication error caused by the freezing of the tube.

7.7 Before starting and stopping the boiler, actual transmission inspection shall be conducted. Check the high water level with water supply method, and check the low water level with drain valve. It is forbidden to check by signal short circuit method.

7.8 Before the boiler starts, it is forbidden to start the boiler if the steam drum water level protection is not complete.

7.9 Fill and flush the boiler water circulation in strict accordance with regulations to ensure that there are no bubbles in the pump.

7. 10 Ensure that the valves of boiler water supply system and drum continuous blowdown can be flexibly switched. Before the boiler starts, the relevant valve switching test should be carried out, and the problems should be handled in time. When stopping the boiler, the three-way valve at the high inlet should be tested for switching action, so as to ensure that the high inlet can act when it is not tripped and prevent the boiler from being cut off from water.

7. 1 1 The electric feed water pump shall be kept in a normal standby state, and regular switching tests and inspections shall be conducted as required. When the standby is lost, it is necessary to formulate corresponding technical measures for safe operation and restore the standby within a time limit.

7. 12 Adjust the boiler combustion and water supply according to the requirements of the regulations to ensure the normal water level of the steam drum.

7. During the normal operation of13 unit, the monitoring of drum water level should be strengthened, the automatic control mode of water supply regulation should be maintained, and whether the water supply system is in good working condition should be checked regularly. If automatic abnormality or water level abnormality is found, it should be handled in time.

7. 14 increase or decrease the load according to regulations, and stabilize the load 10~ 15 minutes after the load changes greatly to prevent the steam drum water level from fluctuating greatly due to combustion changes.

7. Boiler feed water with15 load below 10% shall be automatically controlled with single impulse, and boiler feed water with 10% above shall be controlled with three impulses.

7. 16 When the water level of the steam drum rises due to improper adjustment, the water level can be reduced to the normal range by opening Dalian drainage.

7. 17 in order to prevent the economizer from vaporizing, the economizer recirculation door should be kept open at the beginning of boiler startup, and it can only be closed when the steam flow is greater than 30%MCR.

7. 18 The following situations are easy to cause the change of steam drum water level, so attention should be paid to it during operation:

7. 18. 1 The load increases or decreases too fast;

7. 18.2 emergency door action;

7. 18.3 Fuel increases or decreases too fast;

7. 18.4 When starting and stopping the feed water pump;

7. 18.5 automatic water supply failure;

7. 18.6 leakage of pressure-bearing parts.

8. Prevent large-area serious coking of the material bed.

8. 1 Strictly control the operating temperature of the bed, and strictly control during ignition, peak shaving or coal quality fluctuation, and the bed temperature range shall not change drastically.

8.2 Strictly determine the minimum fluidization air volume and hot air pressure, and appropriately control the height of the blanking layer of each load to prevent local high temperature caused by poor fluidization.

8.3 Regularly check the damper of the flue gas and air system and the inlet and outlet damper of the fan to ensure the correct opening position.

8.4 The start and stop of the primary and secondary fans must be carried out in strict accordance with the commissioning requirements and relevant operating procedures.

8.5 The sealing effect and air leakage of the positive pressure side of fluidized air should be strictly controlled within the allowable range.

8.6 Strictly control the working temperature of the feeder.

8.7 During the operation of two fans, adjust the air volume at any time to keep its thermal balance and avoid uneven temperature.

8.8 Strictly control the moderate particle size of fuel to avoid dead material.

8.9 Strictly guarantee the sealing of slag discharge and ash discharge pipes to prevent air leakage from reigniting and coking.

9. Prevent explosion and leakage accidents of boiler pressure components.

9. 1 Prevent boiler from overtemperature and overpressure.

9.2 Boiler overpressure test and safety valve setting shall be carried out in strict accordance with regulations.

9.3 It is forbidden to run the boiler with the safety valve disconnected.

9.4 Strengthen operation and maintenance to prevent boiler from overtemperature and overpressure.

9.5 In the process of boiler heating and boosting, open all thin watergates such as superheater, and gradually close when the pressure reaches the specified value.

9.6 The boiler shall be filled with water evenly, and the outlet water temperature of economizer shall be kept below the saturation temperature of corresponding pressure by 20℃.

9.7 When the unit is started, the flue gas temperature at the furnace outlet shall be strictly controlled according to regulations, and the flue gas temperature probe shall be put into reliable operation.

9.8 Strictly control the speed of heating and boosting, especially in the early stage of boiler start-up, properly control the heating time, strengthen the monitoring of the wall temperature of each part of the heating surface, and immediately stop increasing the combustion rate of the boiler when the wall temperature exceeds the limit.

9.9 Close the desuperheating water valve reliably after the furnace is stopped, stop the operation of suction fan and blower after the furnace is purged, and close the damper to allow the boiler to cool naturally.

9. 10 unit should be tested for steam drum and superheater outlet activity before starting after overhaul; During the normal operation of the unit, the activity test is conducted every six months to ensure its reliable operation.

9. 1 1 Check carefully during normal operation and report any leakage in time.

9. 12 If leakage of heating surface is found, an application should be made to stop the furnace, so as not to expand the accident.

9. 13 Establish the account of boiler overtemperature and overpressure, and record the reasons of boiler overtemperature and overpressure in detail.

9. 14 measures should be taken as soon as possible when it is found that the heating surface is overtemperature and overpressure. If the measures are ineffective and the protection refuses to move, an emergency stop should be implemented.

10. Prevent large area corrosion of heating surface.

10. 1 Strict chemical supervision, water will not be supplied if the water quality is unqualified when the boiler is started; During normal operation, the electric door of steam drum exhaust shall be kept open. When it is found that the water quality exceeds the standard, the drainage door of the header under the water wall should be opened in time to discharge pollutants.

10.2 condensate polishing equipment is strictly prohibited from running. When the condensate water quality exceeds the standard due to condenser leakage, it should be found and stopped in time.

10.3 Stop the furnace for maintenance as required.

10.4 chemical dosing shall be carried out as required when the furnace is stopped. Downtime should be properly controlled to ensure that all chemicals are added and there is enough circulation time.

10.5 when stopping the furnace, use a hot furnace to drain water. When draining water, all air valves, water traps and drain valves should be opened in place.

10.6 optimize the boiler combustion adjustment, improve the atmosphere near the boiler wall and avoid high temperature corrosion.

10.7 strict water supply recycling standards, unqualified hydrophobic shall not be recycled.

10.8 to prevent pipeline explosion outside the furnace. Timely report the leakage of pipes outside the furnace. The causes of pipeline vibration and water hammer should be analyzed and handled in time.

1 1. Prevent furnace body expansion and pipeline blockage.

1 1. 1 Record and check the expansion of furnace body, steam drum and pipeline during ignition and boosting.

1 1.2 maintain uniform combustion at the initial stage of start-up to prevent excessive expansion deviation caused by combustion deviation.

12. Prevent misoperation accidents

Make full preparations for unit start-up.

12.2 isolated equipment and systems that do not participate in trial operation shall be marked, and all valves shall be locked and listed.

12.3 important equipment must be started and stopped with measures and detailed operation cards, and supervised by special personnel.

12.4 The maintenance of the equipment shall be signed by the shift supervisor or the designated person in charge.

12.5 when the system is put into operation and switched, the personnel on duty must first check the system status before operating.

12.6 when an accident endangers the equipment and personal safety, the operator should immediately and decisively stop the accident machine, and then report it step by step.

12.7 the accurate handling of accidents and emergency stop operations is a key issue, and the operators should study it carefully and be familiar with it.

12.8 all professionals should actively cooperate closely, be familiar with the working relationship, have unified command and clear division of labor, so as to prevent the accident from expanding due to confusion during accident handling.

13 measures to prevent casualties

13. 1 Strengthen safety technical training and improve the level of safety technical protection.

13.2 seriously implement the working ticket, operation ticket and operation monitoring system.

13.3 working tickets are strictly controlled, and unqualified working tickets will not be handled.

13.4 safety helmet must be worn when entering the site.

13.5 When entering the production site, it is forbidden to wear work clothes blended with nylon, chemical fiber, cotton and chemical fiber.

13.6 it is forbidden to wipe the rotating and moving parts of the running machine.

13.7 it is forbidden to walk and sit on railings, pipes, backrest wheels or safety covers, and bearings of operating equipment.

13.8 Avoid getting close to and staying in places that may be easily scalded for a long time.

13.9 make full use of labor protection articles and safety tools during operation.

13. 10 under abnormal conditions, hold the railing when going up and down the stairs to prevent slipping and bumping.

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13. 12 when operating various high-temperature valves with pressure, the relevant provisions of safety regulations and operating procedures must be strictly implemented.

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13. 14 Before operating various valves under pressure and high temperature, the personnel on duty must inform irrelevant personnel on site to evacuate before starting work.

13. 15 The normal blowdown of the boiler shall be carried out in strict accordance with the regulations, and the personnel on duty shall confirm that there is no one working at the blowdown site. After receiving the notice of temporary sewage discharge from the chemical specialty, the personnel on duty must personally check that no one is working at the sewage discharge site, and send someone to guard at the sewage discharge site before discharging.

13. 16 During operation, the provisions of safety regulations on the operating position of the valve shall be strictly implemented, and the valve must stand on the side of the operated valve. Direct operation of the valve stem is prohibited.

13. 17 when opening all kinds of valves under pressure and high temperature, be sure to be slow.

13. 18 When closing various high-temperature valves with pressure, don't use excessive force to prevent equipment damage and accidents.

13. 19 during the operation of various high-temperature electric valves with pressure, the monitoring of the indicator lights of electric doors should be strengthened. If there is any phenomenon that the electric door is not operated or locked, the analysis should be strengthened, and it is forbidden for operators to press the door with valve hooks and wrenches.

13.20 During the trial operation, the rotating parts of the running equipment shall not be cleaned, wiped or lubricated. When wiping the fixed part of the machine, it is forbidden to wrap cotton yarn and rags around your hands or fingers.

13.2 1 Do not stay in high-temperature and high-pressure pipelines, water pipeline flanges and valves, water level gauges, etc. You might get burned.

13.22 when opening the fire hole, inspection hole and ash door of the boiler, it should be done slowly and carefully under the negative pressure of the furnace. Workers should stand on one side of the doorway, choose the escape route and avoid the hot smoke on both sides.

13.23 it is not allowed to stand directly opposite the fire hole, inspection hole or burner inspection hole during the ignition of the boiler or when the combustion is unstable.

13.24 when working in contact with high temperature and hot objects, the staff must wear work clothes and protective gloves to prevent burns.

13.25 during patrol inspection, the staff must wear safety helmet and flashlight, and slippers, sandals, high heels or shoes with nails are prohibited. It is forbidden to go to work after drinking.

13.26 wear insulating gloves or use special tools when manually operating air switches, circuit breakers, switches and tubular fuses.

13.27 before the high-voltage electricity inspection, it is necessary to ensure that the electroscope really works before it can work. Workers must wear insulating gloves and insulating shoes (boots) when checking electricity.

13.28 before the power failure equipment resumes power transmission, in addition to taking back the working ticket, it is also necessary to check whether all the staff have left the site and whether the grounding wire has been completely removed. Once the grounding wire is removed, the equipment is regarded as having electricity, and it is forbidden to touch or work again.

13.29 it is forbidden to stop sending high-voltage electrical equipment without an operation ticket!

13.30 it is strictly forbidden to make an appointment to stop power transmission and do any operation on the line or equipment.

13.3 1 For the operation of major equipment and systems, the dual-person guardianship system must be strictly implemented.

14. Other matters needing attention

14. 1 To prevent the furnace from deflagration, the furnace purging procedure must be carried out before relighting.

14.2 after the oil gun is put into operation, the combustion should be adjusted in time to ensure the atomization quality and full combustion. To prevent oil from entering the heating area at the rear of the boiler. Before the boiler stops, the soot blower of the air preheater should be put into continuous operation.

14.3 The operator should carefully monitor the panel, especially during automatic debugging. If there is any abnormality or automatic failure, switch to manual adjustment in time.

14.4 the operation and maintenance personnel should check the equipment regularly and report the problems in time. When an accident occurs, the commissioning work should be terminated and handled according to anti-accident measures and boiler operation regulations to prevent the accident from expanding.