The second is to invite relevant professionals to personally guide.
The third is to collect more information for reference.
Fourth, it is best to organize a fire drill.
Chapter one? Relevant provisions of the fire protection law
1. This Law is formulated in order to prevent fires and reduce fire hazards, protect citizens' personal lives, public property and the safety of citizens' property, safeguard public safety and ensure the smooth progress of socialist modernization.
2, fire control work to implement the policy of "prevention first, combining prevention with elimination", adhere to the principle of combining specialized agencies with the masses, the implementation of fire safety responsibility system.
3. All units and individuals have the obligation to maintain fire safety, protect fire control facilities, prevent fires and report fire alarms, and all units and adult citizens have the obligation to participate in organized fire fighting.
4. Units and individuals that have made outstanding contributions or made remarkable achievements in fire control work shall be rewarded.
5. Organs, organizations, enterprises and institutions shall perform the following fire safety duties:
(1) Formulate fire safety system and fire safety operation procedures;
(two) the implementation of fire safety responsibility system, determine the fire safety responsibility of the unit and its subordinate departments and positions;
(3) according to the characteristics of this unit, conduct fire prevention publicity and education for employees;
(4) Organize fire prevention education to eliminate fire hazards in time;
(five) in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, the allocation of fire control facilities and equipment, set up fire safety signs, and regularly organize inspection and maintenance to ensure that fire control facilities and equipment are in good condition and effective;
(6) Ensure the evacuation passage and safety exit are unblocked, and set fire safety evacuation signs in line with national regulations.
6, key units of fire safety shall also perform the following duties of fire safety:
(1) Establish fire prevention files, determine key fire safety parts, set fire prevention signs and implement strict management;
(2) Carry out daily fire inspection and establish inspection records;
(3) Conduct fire safety training for employees;
(4) Formulate fire fighting and emergency evacuation plans, and organize regular fire drills.
7. No unit or individual may damage or misappropriate, dismantle or stop using fire control facilities and equipment, bury or occupy fire hydrants, occupy fire prevention spaces or block fire exits.
8. Anyone who finds a fire should call the police immediately. Any unit or individual shall provide convenience for the free alarm, and shall not block the alarm. It is forbidden to lie about the fire alarm.
9. In case of fire in public places, the on-site staff in public places have the obligation to organize and guide the evacuation.
10, the fire unit must immediately organize forces to put out the fire.
1 1. When a fire breaks out in a public place, the on-site staff in the public place fails to perform the obligation of organizing and guiding the evacuation of the people present, causing personal injury or death, which does not constitute a crime, and shall be detained for not more than 15 days.
12. Anyone who violates this Law and constitutes a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.
Chapter two? Fire control common sense
1. Fire: Fire is a disaster caused by burning out of control in time or space.
The seriousness of fire accident lies in that it will happen if it doesn't happen. Once it happens, it is likely to turn into a vicious fire different from ordinary disasters.
3, fire characteristics:
(1) burns violently and spreads rapidly. In factories and tunnels, fires can easily spread along electric wires and ventilation pipes. Because there are many inflammable and explosive materials in our mine, once these materials are ignited, the fire is extremely fierce, and a large-scale fire can be formed in a short time.
(2) The fire caused heavy casualties. Due to the complex structure in the factory building, long and narrow evacuation passages and few safety exits, it is not conducive to personnel evacuation. Combustion will produce a lot of high-temperature toxic smoke, which will easily suffocate people and cause heavy casualties.
(3) Significant economic losses. Because there are a lot of materials and equipment in warehouses and factories, once a fire breaks out, it will cause huge economic losses.
(4) overcome difficulties. Due to the complexity of building height, structure and use nature, high-rise buildings burn fast and fiercely, and many combustible substances are concentrated. The most sound and effective organization and modern equipment can not guarantee the effective and successful extinguishing of high-rise building fires.
4. Combustion must meet three conditions, namely combustible, combustion-supporting substance and ignition source.
5, the classification of fire:
Fires are divided into four categories: A, B, C and D. A is the fire of solid substances, such as wood, cotton, hemp and paper. Class B is liquid fire and meltable solid fire, such as gasoline, kerosene, crude oil, methanol, ethanol, asphalt and paraffin fire. Class C is gas fire, such as gas, natural gas, methane, ethane, propane and hydrogen fire. Class D is metal fire, such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, lithium, aluminum and other fires.
6, the development law of fire:
People have proved in practice that most fires are from small to large, from weak to strong, and gradually become fires. The formation process of fire is generally divided into four stages: initial stage, growth stage, violent stage and decline stage. The first three stages are the key to fire hazards.
(1) Early stage of fire. Generally, when solid combustible materials burn, the fire source area is not large, the flame is not high, the flue gas velocity is not fast, the radiation heat is not strong, and the fire develops slowly around. The length of this period varies with the structure and space of the building. In this case, only a small amount of manpower and simple fire extinguishing tools are needed to put out the fire.
(2) Fire growth stage. If the fire in the initial stage is not found or extinguished, with the extension of combustion time, the combustion intensity increases, the temperature rises gradually, the combustion area is gradually filled with smoke, and the surrounding combustible materials are heated rapidly. At this time, the gas convection is enhanced, the combustion speed is accelerated, and the combustion area is rapidly expanded, which will form a big flame in an instant. In this case, it is necessary to have certain manpower and fire-fighting equipment to put out the fire in time and effectively.
(3) the intense stage of fire. With the extension of combustion time, the combustion speed increases, the combustion area expands rapidly and the combustion temperature rises sharply. When the continuous temperature reaches 600-800 degrees, the radiant heat is the strongest, the gas convection reaches the highest speed, and the heat release and combustion products of combustion substances reach the highest value. At this time, building materials and structures are damaged, deformed or collapsed. The length and temperature of this period depend on the fire resistance rating of the building. In this case, it is necessary to organize more fire fighting forces and spend a long time to control and put out the fire.
(4) Fire extinction stage. After intense combustion, the fire decreased, the indoor temperature decreased, the smoke dissipated, and the fire gradually subsided.
7, the basic measures to stop the fire include:
(1) Control flammable materials, and replace flammable or combustible materials with difficult or incombustible materials.
(2) The production using flammable substances should be carried out in closed equipment, isolated from the air.
(3) Eliminate the ignition source.
(4) In order to prevent the fire from spreading, a firewall should be built between buildings and a fire prevention distance should be set to prevent the fire from expanding.
8, the cause of the fire, generally can be divided into three categories:
(1) Fire accidents caused by fire, lack of fire safety knowledge and violation of safety operation rules;
(2) due to improper use of electrical equipment;
(3) Fires caused by lightning and spontaneous combustion.
9. Fire extinguishing method: All fire extinguishing measures are aimed at destroying the existing combustion conditions or making the combustion reaction disappear. According to the principle of material combustion and the practical experience of fire extinguishing, there are four basic fire extinguishing methods:
(1) cooling method: reduce the temperature of combustion products to below the ignition point and stop the combustion process. For example, put out fires with water.
(2) Asphyxiation method: reduce the amount of oxygen in the combustion area or dilute the air with nonflammable substances to extinguish the flame. For example, bury combustible materials in sand and put out fires with carbon dioxide fire extinguishers.
(3) Isolation method: separate combustible materials from unburned materials. For example, remove flammable, combustible or combustion-supporting materials near the fire point.
(4) inhibition method: let the extinguishing agent participate in the combustion reaction process and interrupt the chain reaction of combustion.