The method of writing chalk characters. Writing posture of chalk characters
The blackboard is erected and fixed on the wall, and chalk characters can only be used in front of the blackboard? Standing cantilever? Writing posture.
Pay attention to when writing: flat head, straight body, bent arms and steady feet.
Head leveling is to ensure the straightness of sight and make the written words neat. With the change of writing height, you can tilt slightly, but always keep your head straight and not askew.
Body means that the body is straight and not skewed. Translate with the left and right changes of writing position. Straight and not rigid, natural and easy to write. Keep a proper distance from the blackboard, about 30? 40 centimeters.
Armbend means that the right arm holding the pen is bent at right angles, and it is most convenient to write when it is raised to eye level. As the writing posture changes up and down, the degree of arm bending will also change. Holding a book in your left hand, pressing the blackboard or drooping should be relaxed, natural and convenient.
The stability of the foot means that the feet stand apart and shoulder width apart. In order to keep the balance and stability of the body. With the change of writing height, you can stand on tiptoe or bend your knees and adapt to the situation (standing posture in writing brush posture).
Attention should be paid to the following points when writing chalk characters in classroom teaching:
1, which is exemplary. The teacher writes on the blackboard in class and also does the performance of writing chalk characters. Students should imitate not only the teacher's handwriting, but also his writing posture. Therefore, teachers should not only be able to write good handwriting, but also pay attention to their graceful posture and be a teacher everywhere. Never casually, scribble.
2. flexibility. In order to enhance the intuition of teaching, teachers sometimes let students watch the writing process directly. At this time, ask them to open their hands. The writing posture should be flexibly adjusted and the posture should be generous.
3. variability. The blackboard has a large layout and a wide writing range, so it is necessary to move your body and change your posture in time. (Conversion between Demonstration Zone and Practice Zone)
4. Intermittent. That is to say, you can't write while talking. Writing key strokes means stopping for students to see clearly, and sometimes writing them more than twice. )
Second, the writing method of chalk characters
Chalk is different from writing brush and other hard pens. It is both a pen and a nib, and the blackboard is vertical, and the wrists and arms should be hung up. Therefore, the method of taking chalk is different from the law enforcement of other pens. The correct way is: the chalk pen body is neither vertical nor inclined in the tiger's mouth, but held in the palm of your hand and held with your fingers. Pinch the chalk with the thumb and the first phalanx of the middle finger, press the pen with the tip of the index finger above, and the force point is on the same circumference. The ring finger and the little finger curl naturally side by side with the middle finger. The palm is empty, the knuckles are prominent, the jaw is oval, and the flexion and extension are flexible. Pinch the nib tightly, and the index finger is about 0.8 cm away from the chalk head to avoid breaking. Pen body and board face 30? The included angle is appropriate.
Third, the chalk writing method
The key to writing a good chalk word is to finish it, and strokes are the basis. To write a good stroke, we must first make clear what kind of stroke is a good stroke. Generally speaking, good strokes should be vigorous and powerful, with coherent qi and blood, and expect to echo. To write such colorful and vivid strokes, we must rely on the use of various correct methods. Both chalk characters and pen characters are hard pens, and the writing methods and skills are basically the same.
1. To write different strokes that are strong and weak, solid and imaginary, strong and dignified, elegant and relaxed, it is necessary to adjust the strength, control the ups and downs, and lift and press the chalk skillfully, not evenly.
2. To write smooth, steady and soft strokes, it is necessary to control the order of strokes, and the strokes should be fast and slow, not uniform.
The blackboard is upright, the chalk is thicker than the pen, and only big characters can be written. The pen can't be backed only by the wrist and palm, but mainly by the linkage of elbow and wrist. To write oblique, curved, straight, long and short strokes, we must rely on the flexible rotation and close cooperation of arms, elbows and wrists to skillfully swing in many directions. Just dragging up and down or left and right is not enough.
4. Chalk is soft and easy to wear, and the round head of the writing touch panel will be smoothed immediately. Without turning the chalk body, the written words can only be rough and weak. To write vigorous, fresh, fleshy, square or round, thick or thin strokes, you must learn to twist the chalk body, adjust the pen head, and be good at using the inclined plane and edges of the chalk head.
Fourth, brushes are expensive to use, and the edges and corners of chalk heads are sharp. In order to pursue changeable brushwork, it is necessary to change the previous writing.
1, pen can be vertical, horizontal and vertical.
Shunfeng falls directly from light to heavy along the paddling direction. Flank. That is, when you start the pen horizontally, the nib tilts to the right first, and then changes direction. Take the lead in setting an example, follow the transition between strokes, and show coherence with hook. Cursive writing is the majority.
2. Press the pen, lift the pen, turn the pen, and fold the pen.
Press the pen. When writing, press the pen down and gradually increase the intensity to make the lines from thin to thick.
When writing, pick up a pen, gradually lift the pen, and use less force to make the lines from thick to thin.
Turn the pen. When writing, the chalk body gradually changes direction, forming a certain arc like a car turning, with uniform strength and speed.
Folding pen. The strokes suddenly change direction, forming edges and corners, and the folds stop slightly, but they are clean and neat, and cannot be tortuous and complicated.
3. Before closing the pen or using it, or after using it, or before using the hook.
In the front. Move the stroke to the end of the stroke, and gradually lift the pen away from the blackboard along the direction of travel.
Back, front. Press the pen until the stroke is over, and then return the pen to the opposite direction without showing traces.
Hook the front line of the pen to the end of the stroke, and then lift the pen to the beginning of the next stroke to draw out the hook. This method is often used for cursive characters.
The elasticity of chalk is not strong, so it is difficult to show the thickness change and distinct rhythm of stroke lines. Therefore, in addition to the change of force, it is necessary to skillfully use the unique method of chalk to turn and tilt the pen.
Turn the pen. Writing with chalk wears away easily. In order to make the chalk write finer strokes, it is necessary to turn the chalk and write with the grinded edges and corners. The way to turn the chalk is to twist the chalk with your fingers and turn your wrist to change the friction surface of the chalk.
Skip the pen. It is to change the angle between the pen and the board surface and tilt one side of the touchpad surface, so that the pen surface of the touchpad changes from round to partial round. Just like the moon from round to short, the touchpad from big to small, and the lines on the pen surface from thick to thin.
According to the stroke direction, there are three kinds of warping: forward warping, lateral warping and simultaneous warping.
The skill of raising the contact surface of chalk along the stroke direction in pen drawing. For example, write a hanging needle vertically, and the vertical direction is downward. To show that the vertical tip changes from thick to thin, put the chalk on the lower side of the blackboard, so that the contact moves up, the contact surface becomes smaller and the strokes become thinner until the pen is written.
Side tilt. It is the brushwork of gradually tilting the pen to the side. For example, when writing a picture, the strokes are to the right. In order to show the sharp point, the chalk should be erected upward, the bottom of the touch surface should be gradually inclined, and the hard point should be moved up to make the touch surface smaller and the strokes thinner until the front surface is raised.
And it's warped. That is, when writing, there are both vertical warping and horizontal warping, and both are used. For example, when writing a skimming picture, the skimming direction is to the lower left. In order to show the skimming point, the left lower edge of the contact surface between the chalk and the blackboard is inclined upward, and the stress point moves up to the right, so that the contact surface becomes smaller and the strokes become thinner until the pen is written. If you write a cross hook, you should tilt the bottom left of the contact surface.
Five, the method of practicing Chinese characters
(1) Repeated practice of horizontal and vertical strokes: The most basic thing in writing is horizontal and vertical, especially vertical, and it should be practiced repeatedly. The vertical pen should be straight, written in one breath, not oblique, not crooked, not upside down, and the horizontal pen can be flat, or it can be inclined slightly lower on the left and slightly higher on the right, and pay attention to the pen, which is thick and thin, light and heavy, and has distinct dots.
(2) Write the characters as Fang or Ping: What are Chinese characters called? Square characters? When writing, it is best to be square with full corners, not like bean sprouts, but like Pang Zhonghua. Some extremely long characters can be written as long characters in a box.
(3) Write and turn. Pay attention to changing the front side when writing brush characters, and also pay attention to changing the front side when writing chalk characters, and pay attention to turning while writing. Like writing? Are you online? The word (model writing), the long stroke of the second stroke should be rotated while writing, and the pen will be sharp (write the long stroke again). When writing, if you don't turn, the chalk head will wear away and it is easy to cause planing. How about another one? Are you online? (Fan writes without carrying a pen), compared with the two words, the effect of carrying a pen is much worse. Therefore, in the process of writing, it is necessary to constantly rotate the pen body with your fingers and change the contact surface between the pen head and the blackboard. See two more words? Heavy, who? (Fan Xie) Almost every time you finish writing a stroke, you should adjust the brush strokes, so that one side of the pen tip always keeps a sharp corner in contact with the blackboard, so that the written lines are beautiful and powerful, not too thick or too thin.
(4) Alternate boosting. Pressing is a force when writing, which increases the friction between chalk and blackboard, making chalk wear, powder off and heavy handwriting. If you want to make the handwriting from thick to thin, from there to nothing, you should use lifting. Lifting and pressing strokes are often done in the same stroke, for example, the writing method of pressing (die writing) is to lift first, then press and then lift, in order to achieve the effect of clear strokes. Let's look at the one that hasn't been pressed first, shall we What? (written by Fan), see if the other one mentioned it? What? (author fan). This pen-carrying process is like what the modern calligrapher Shen said:? Press it, press it. ? In contrast, the first word is dull, lacking vitality and beauty. So in a word, lifting and pressing should also be used alternately.
(5) use it when you are depressed. The so-called pause is to pause on the basis of pressing, so that a certain part of stippling is round and powerful. Escape is often reflected in raising a pen or digging a corner; Discontinuation refers to a quick and powerful way to change the direction of the pen tip, which is often used to dodge and is called frustration. Take the cross hook as an example (model writing). Hook painting is a kind of pen-lifting line formed by twisting the direction of powder pen tip. In this way, you can get the effect of gaining momentum and jumping out, just like playing football, kicking back with your front foot, gaining momentum first and then kicking out, powerful, and then what? Bag? If the word (Fan Xie) is not prepared for setbacks and twists and turns, but comes straight out, for example, (Fan Xie has no sharp hook), such a sketch is like a broken wood and a broken branch, lifeless.
(6) Implicit and explicit combination. Tibetan front, subtle and concise brushwork; Expose the front and highlight the jumping spirit. The two set off each other and complement each other. Chalk regular script also pays attention to the combination of hiding and revealing, and the role of hiding front can not be ignored. Sometimes you have to start writing against the front, such as hanging a needle vertically, such as? Shen? Word (model text); Sometimes you have to go back to the front to collect your pen, such as hanging it vertically, such as? Fruit? Word (written by Fan). Of course, writing chalk characters is much more natural than writing brush characters, as long as it has this meaning, and the situation of writing along the front and closing the pen before accounts for the majority.
The skill of writing chalk characters is to skillfully use a pencil sharpener, which is a pen skill in chalk writing. Take the momentum in the air, randomly land on the touch board along the direction of about 45 degrees from the stroke running line, stay for a while, immediately turn around and run along the stroke running direction. The intensity of sharpening is from light to heavy; The action is fast, agile, healthy and accurate, and it seems to be very firm. Good pen-cutting, the Fang Bi of strokes can be obvious, the bone strength can be exposed, and the characters can be bodybuilding. This method can be used to start strokes such as horizontal, vertical, skimming and picking in regular script or running script.
Skilled strokes are another skill in chalk writing. Take the momentum in the air and go straight in the direction of paddling. The action is light and fast, the strength is from weak to strong, and the handwriting is from light and thin to heavy and thick. If this method is skillfully used in the chalk lines, dots, horizontal lines and strokes of regular script, the quality of chalk lines can be light and smart, giving people a clean and courageous feeling.
Skilled pen dragging is a skill in chalk writing. Tilt the chalk along the stroke direction and compress the included angle between the chalk and the board. Then, draw the handwriting at a constant speed along the stroke direction. Drag the pen, you can lift it gradually from heavy to light, and then leave the board to collect the pen; It can also be light before heavy, then light, and gradually move forward. The length, thickness and speed of dragging a pen depend on the word potential; The line of the drag pen is slightly concave arc, such as an unstretched bow, and the bone strength is restrained. If the drag pen is used in the painting of chalk characters, the posture of painting and calligraphy can be like graceful willows in the spring breeze, and the temperament is like the free and easy skating of athletes on the ice. This pen is a unique skill in writing with chalk characters. Clever use of drag pen can make the characters rise and fall continuously, showing a soothing, natural, bold and chic face.
Skillful scanning is a skill of using a pen, which means that the strokes of chalk characters should be called back and forth or between words. When the previous stroke or the previous word is closed, the pen tip gently lifts and sweeps, and then swims into the beginning of the next stroke or the next word. Grasping the pen, the action is sensitive and agile, and it often appears as a pull head; Handwriting is intermittent, sometimes hidden and sometimes present. Brush-sweeping is a link between the past and the future, which can clearly explain the ins and outs of painting and calligraphy. Skilled pen-sweeping can make cursive chalk characters look lively and smooth, light and flying, dripping and carefree, like swallows sweeping the air and dragons swimming in the sea.
Skillful pen-rolling is a kind of pen-using skill in chalk writing, and the pen tip is controlled by twisting the chalk by hand. The constant contact and friction between chalk and blackboard makes the contact surface of nib gradually larger. When the touch surface is too large and the handwriting is too thick to write on the blackboard, you can gently roll the chalk with your fingers to change the friction surface with the blackboard, so that the friction surface is conical, blunt or prismatic, and always keep the ideal pen tip. Calligraphy, sometimes fine, sometimes vigorous, sometimes beautiful, depends on your arbitrary writing; The rolling pen also has the effect of changing the size of chalk characters. In this way, while writing on the blackboard, it is not only beneficial to write on the blackboard with chalk for a long time, but also can make the lines varied and enhance the flexibility, charm and rhythm of handwriting.
Skillful stroke return is a skill of using a pen to reverse the stroke at the fold or end of the stroke. When a chalk character writes a stroke at a turning point or at the end of a stroke, it suddenly stops, pauses, folds the front side (which can be written by the side where the pen tip touches the surface), folds a stroke back along the stroke path, digs out the front side to collect the pen, or pulls in the next word or stroke with a hairspring. It should be noted that before returning the pen, you should pause and collect the pen; The intensity is first heavy and then light; Handwriting can be strong or weak, long or short; The speed can be fast or slow, and we should also pay attention to the frequency of returning the pen. In short, the use of reply should be adapted to local conditions and improvise according to the situation of words. Properly used brush strokes can make them vigorous, rigid and soft, heavy and dignified. Fang Bi is angular and energetic, and the flesh and blood are wonderful and rich? , and there is a novel, strange gas flutter between the eyebrows.
Side-edge pen is a skill that skillfully uses the oblique friction between chalk and blackboard to produce the face, edge or the combination of face and edge of oval section to write chalk characters. In the process of writing chalk characters, the sharp included angle between the blackboard and the chalk is intentionally reduced, and at the same time, the posture of not rolling the chalk is maintained, so that the erasing surface of the pen tip is gradually increased. When the elliptical oblique rubbing surface appears, it is time to skillfully use the side stroke. At this time, you can write short and thick strokes on the inclined plane; You can also skillfully turn the chalk clockwise with your fingers and write fine, dexterous and elastic strokes by using the front side of the section; You can also increase the acute angle between chalk and blackboard at will, and write the side handwriting with thick, solid and neat front end and thin, empty and hairy back by combining face and edge; You can also erect chalk and write fine, steep horizontal and vertical strokes with only the top side. To write a word, you can use one profile or several interactions; There are many words in the book, and several wingers can be used interactively. This brushwork can be used for cursive scripts with larger chalk characters. Clever use of the side pen can make the chalk characters bold, colorful and changeable, enhance the visual effect, dazzle and charm, and show unexpected artistic effects.
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