Key points of ornamental fish culture technology
First, how to choose an aquarium
The first step in family fish farming is to choose an aquarium. Choosing a good fish tank is very important for our family to raise fish. First of all, consider what kind of fish to raise. If it is a small tropical fish, we can use an ordinary aquarium. If it's a big fierce fish and a fish from eat small fish, such as Tu and Yinlong, the thickness of the fish tank should be considered. For example, map fish grow faster and can grow five centimeters in two months, so we must consider the bearing capacity of the aquarium. On the other hand, choosing an aquarium is the material. There are two kinds of aquarium materials, one is glass and the other is plexiglass. The advantage of plexiglass is that it is light and easy to carry, but it is easy to scratch. Ordinary glass is thinner and more easily broken than plexiglass, so it is suggested to choose plexiglass as the material. In addition, the platform of the aquarium is also very important. It must be stable and cannot be tilted. Aquarium is under great pressure. If it is uneven, it will lead to water leakage.
Second, the aquarium is equipped with
1, filtration system: When selecting aquarium equipment, the most important thing is the filtration system. Aquarium must install filters to ensure the hygiene and cleanliness of water quality. The function of the filter should be great. The function of the filter is to remove heavy metals, chlorine and other harmful substances from water. The quality of filter is directly related to the quality of fish farming. The size of the filter is directly related to the number of nutritious fish. The filter has a large area to remove heavy metals and chlorine.
There are three kinds: external filter, internal filter and upper filter. Upfiltration is generally used in small aquariums. For an aquarium over one meter, an external filter is required. Especially if aquatic plants are planted in aquariums, it is best to use external filtration, because the oxygen content of external filtration is particularly low, and aquatic plants do not need too much oxygen in the growth process, but need carbon dioxide. The filter element should be cleaned regularly. Generally, the external filter element should be cleaned once every three months, and the internal filter element and the upper filter element should be cleaned once a month. Do not use washing powder or detergent to clean the filter screen, just gently put it in clean water to avoid the loss of digestive bacteria in the filtering equipment.
2. Temperature control: It is also important to keep ornamental fish warm. Different fish need different temperatures. Generally, tropical fish need a water temperature of 24-28 degrees Celsius, and some tropical fish need a water temperature as high as 30 degrees Celsius. So it is very important to raise tropical fish to heat the aquarium. The most common heating tool is a heating rod, and anhydrous heating is strictly prohibited. It is also needed in summer, to avoid rain on cloudy days and the temperature drop, and the heating rod can't cool down.
3. Lighting: Fluorescent lamps are widely used now. When using these tubes, it is necessary to avoid the mixed use of multiple colors. Generally, white lights or warm fluorescent lights are used to match. The length of the lamp tube is related to the power. If the aquarium can be released, try to use a longer lamp. Lamps and lanterns should be installed directly above or slightly in front of the aquarium. In addition, it is best to install a reflector in the lamp.
4. Bottom sand: There are two kinds, one is neutral sand and the other is alkaline sand. Alkali sand is made of artificial gravel, which is incomplete, and needs to be cleaned once every three months, because alkali blocks will form at the bottom of alkali sand after three months, which will affect the growth of aquatic plants and need to be replaced regularly, but the price is cheap; Neutral sand is natural sand, because it is intact and has not been crushed, so it will not release water and alkali, and it will not form lumps without long-term replacement, but it is expensive. Because neutral sand is natural sand, it will not release water and alkali, while alkaline sand will release water and alkali, so it is recommended to use neutral sand. After choosing the bottom sand, it is the grass bottom fertilizer. If you want to raise grass well, you must apply base fertilizer. When laying sand, first lay one centimeter of bottom sand and then one centimeter of grass-based fertilizer. Grass base fertilizer must be evenly covered with a layer to provide water for grass growth. If there is no grass base fertilizer, the grass will not be mixed. Grass base fertilizer should be aged for a long time, and the validity period is generally one year, and it should be replaced once a year.
Third, the setting of the aquarium.
First put the box or other equipment into the water to wash, and then wash the bottom sand repeatedly. Mix 2/3 bottom sand with grass bottom fertilizer, and evenly put it in the bottom of the box for leveling. Then put the remaining 1/3 in the box and spread it out. The total thickness of bottom sand can be controlled at 3-6 cm, with the front slightly thinner and the back slightly thicker. Slowly pour in the dried water and let it spread around. When the water is injected into the box, plant the bought aquatic plants. Before planting aquatic plants, cut off old leaves or damaged root leaves, and gently implant aquatic plants into the bottom sand on the principle of not hurting roots. The planting location should be planned in advance. After planting aquatic plants, water can be added. In order to prevent water turbidity caused by the loss and destruction of bottom sand when adding water, plates or plastic sheets can be placed on the gravel, and then water can be slowly injected into the tank. After adding water to a certain height, draw out a part of turbid water, and then continue to add water. Repeat this several times to ensure the cleanliness of the water in the aquarium. Because there are many kinds of aquatic plants, the most suitable water temperature is different, but generally speaking, setting the water temperature between 24 ~ 26℃ can adapt to almost all kinds of aquatic plants. Most aquatic plants grow in weak acid soft water to medium hardness water.
In a large aquarium, you can choose to match stones with heavy wood, which will have a sense of hierarchy. The most important thing in landscaping is the combination of stone and sinking wood. How to choose the best stone? Stone should be natural and complete, because the cut stone will release more water and alkali when put into water, which will further affect the pH value of water. Sink wood is a kind of carbonized tree after death, which has a relatively high density and can sink directly into the water. If it is not completely carbonized, it will release yellow pigment due to soaking, which will affect the water quality. If you choose to soak for three months, you can soften the water quality, and the alkali released by the stone can be softened by sinking wood.
Fourth, the daily management of the aquarium
1. Water quality: neutral water with PH equal to 7, alkaline water with pH greater than 7, and acidic water with pH less than 7. Most tropical fish do not require high pH value of water, but high hardness of water, which is very important for fish growth. If the hardness is too high, the fish will have defects such as black spots. The suitable pH value for common fish is
6.5-8.0, such as peacock, red sword, etc. And some fish have higher requirements on pH value, such as colorful angelfish and swallow fish, and prefer acidic water to obtain acidic water.
Acidic water can be adjusted according to the requirements of fish. Take one meter aquarium and 300 liters of water as an example. First, measure the pH value of the water in the aquarium with the test agent, and then adjust it with 10 ml or 15 ml acid enhancer once every two days. If the bottom sand is alkaline, adjust it once a week. If it is neutral sand. The hardness of fish farming is between 2- 10. If the hardness is too high, fish will not eat, or their bodies will turn black. If the hardness is too high, you can add a water softener to adjust it. The water softener cannot be directly added to the aquarium. When adjusting the hardness, it must be done outside the tank to avoid damaging the filter. Generally, the hardness can be reduced to normal after 4-5 times adjustment.
2. Feeding: Feed is divided into live feed, frozen feed and artificial feed.
Artificial feed: Small pellet feed is suitable for feeding some groups of small fish, such as lamprey, once every two days and can be directly fed. Large pellet feed is suitable for feeding larger ornamental fish, such as parrots. The disadvantage of pellet feed is that it will sink after staying on the water surface for 10 second, which will affect the water quality. The other is sheet feed, which has the advantage of floating on the water surface, not sinking and not affecting the water quality, and is suitable for fish lovers who don't often manage aquariums. There is also patch feed, which can be directly attached to the inner wall of the aquarium. Fish can be eaten at any time, and it will not melt if it is not eaten. It is suitable for fish lovers who travel frequently.
Live bait: can stimulate the appetite of fish, including nematodes and red worms. Feeding live bait to fish can add color to fish, but it is not easy to keep fresh. Live bait that can't be eaten that day must be disinfected the next day, otherwise the fish will get enteritis. Feeding a small amount every day can make the fish semi-hungry, which can make the fish more lively and beneficial to absorption. When feeding fish, if the fish is eaten within one minute, you can put it twice. Big fish should choose feed with large particles, while small fish should choose feed with small particles. Big fish can't eat feed with small particles, and small fish will suffocate if they eat feed with large particles.
3. Raise water: It takes a long time to raise water first. If tap water is used, it needs to be put in an open container 1-2 days. If the fish and aquatic plants to be raised have high requirements on water quality, they should be adjusted appropriately. When hydroponics, it is best to put some fish in the tank, that is, the kind that has no requirement for water quality and is thicker, such as goldfish and red arrow. In this way, it can test whether the water quality is suitable for fish farming, and secondly, it can provide food for nitrifying bacteria in the aquarium, which is helpful to the establishment of nitrifying system in the aquarium. In a week or so, the water can basically be raised. At this time, you can buy some favorite fish and keep them at home. You should observe the fish carefully this week, and then increase the number when there is no problem. The advantage of this is that you can test whether the water quality is suitable for your fish, which is very important for demanding fish farming. In order to establish the auxiliary nitrification system in the aquarium, it is necessary to put enough filter materials in the filter pool. The more filter materials, the larger the surface area and the more impressive the number of nitrifying bacteria. (Nitrifying bacteria are suitable for the auxiliary treatment of seawater and fresh water)
4. Pick fish: When buying fish, you can't pick fish with very special quality and strict environmental requirements, such as traffic lights and angelfish, which may die because they don't adapt to the new environment and water quality. Take the parrot fish as an example. In the same group of fish, choose the larger fish. Whether a fish is strong or not can be seen with the naked eye. The fat and swollen should be discarded, and the sick, the disabled, the deformed and the black should be discarded. When transporting fish, we should consider the distance of the road, the container should not be too small, the water content should be large, and there should be space on the water surface to prevent suffocation. There are many kinds of ornamental fish, each with its own characteristics, but in the specific selection, it depends on whether the fish are healthy and complete. A fish is a healthy fish if it swims in different water layers. Any fish that swims alone or lazily in the corner shows that the fish is sick or aging. Fish with bright colors are healthy fish, and fish with dim colors are unhealthy or aging fish. In addition, for those ornamental fish who have the habit of free mate selection, choose two fish that always swim in tandem. If you master the above points, you can generally buy satisfactory ornamental fish.
5, water: water can not be urgent. After the fish buy home, clean the bag with clean water, put the original bag into the tank, let the fish adapt to the water temperature in the tank, untie the bag after about 10 minutes, and add the original tank water to the bag several times to let the fish adapt to the water quality and water temperature as long as possible. After about 20 minutes, the fish can be released, but be careful not to pour all the water in the bag into the new tank. Before putting it into the tank, fish should be fished out with a net to avoid putting germs into the water. Swimming for a long time is of great benefit to fish: first, fish can survive if they adapt to the water quality and temperature in the tank to the greatest extent. Secondly, fish will secrete mucus to protect themselves when changing the environment. This mucus is toxic and harmful to other fish, aquatic plants and water quality. By swimming for a long time, fish can reduce their sense of urgency, thus reducing the secretion of mucus, thus obtaining healthy fish. For fish with high water quality requirements, such as traffic lights, colorful and so on. Swimming for a long time is more important.
6. Stocking density: Stocking density is closely related to daily management, such as the size of bait container, fish species, fish body size, ecological conditions of water body, presence or absence of oxygen increasing equipment, and the number of water changes and replenishment. From an ornamental point of view, an aquarium will be empty if it keeps too few fish, and it will be crowded if it keeps too many fish. From a scientific point of view, over-stocking will destroy the basic ecological conditions of fish and lead to. So the stocking density should be moderate. For example, an aquarium with a size of 60 * 35 * 35cm can hold 30-40 small fish, 16 medium fish or 6-8 large fish.
7. Polyculture: On the issue of polyculture, we should first understand the differences in food habits and habits between fish species or individuals, as well as the different physiological characteristics of each species to water quality, and then determine the species that can be put together, and the collocation ratio should be even or paired. It is best not to keep big fish with small fish, so as not to compete for food and affect the growth and development of small fish. You should also know what fish can and can't be kept. For example, tiger skin fish can't raise all kinds of angelfish, and the varieties that can't be raised are all over the sky, fighting fish and ruby fish. This kind of fish is violent and aggressive, and some will divide their own sphere of influence and not allow other fish to enter their territory. The gentler fish that can be raised are: angelfish, triangle fish, kiss fish and all kinds of lamp fish. There are also some fish that prey on other fish, such as map fish and arowana, which can only be raised separately. In addition, different kinds of fish have different living habits, and their requirements for feeding depth and adaptation range are also different. Snakehead and zebra fish like to move in the upper waters, tiger skin fish like to move in the middle waters, and traffic lights and flags like to move in the bottom waters. Therefore, when choosing polyculture, we should pay attention to choosing fish with different water levels, scientifically use the space in the water, and make the fish swimming in the water dense and have their own places, which is conducive to viewing.
Five, fish disease prevention:
Why do fish get sick? Nothing more than poor water quality, fighting injuries, improper food handling and other reasons, especially the water quality problem is more prominent. Therefore, when the fish is sick, the first thing to think about is: Is there a problem with the water quality? If yes, try to change the water. There is something wrong with the water quality, that is to say, water is no longer suitable for fish farming, but is conducive to the reproduction of bacteria. When bacteria reach a certain number and the unit concentration is too high, fish will get sick.
1, water change: by changing a small amount of water many times, the water quality is improved and the bacterial concentration is reduced, so as to achieve the purpose of automatic recovery of fish.
2, medication: drugs can not be used indiscriminately, at the beginning of the disease, it is best to take the least harm to fish. First, change one third of the water, at the same time, raise the water temperature to not less than 30 degrees, reduce or even stop feeding, or put salt properly. Through these relatively minor measures, fish can adjust themselves and mobilize their own immune system to achieve the purpose of automatic recovery. When you have to take medicine because of serious illness, you should also take it in strict accordance with the dose, and never overdo it. After 24 hours, change the water to no more than half, reduce the dose and then release the medicine until the fish recovers. When the fish is cured, it is necessary to strengthen the change of water, remove drug residues as soon as possible, and avoid sequelae such as drug poisoning.
Note: in the same fish tank, some fish are sick and some fish are not sick, which does not mean that the fish that are not sick are healthy, but the fish have individual physical differences and need treatment. They can be treated together or separately. The straw jar must not be drugged, otherwise, when the fish is ready, the aquatic plants will be greatly damaged and may not be worth the loss.
Raising fish is raising water. When the water is well raised, the fish will live and people will be more comfortable. In the end, we should establish a set of effective experience suitable for our own operation through our own practice. We should create an environment suitable for fish to survive, instead of forcing fish to adapt to the present environment. In the freely swinging aquatic plants, groups of colorful small fish swim around the top and bottom of the mountain, playing and playing, adding to the mystery of the world.