Concept? Women of childbearing age with normal safety period have 1 menstrual cycle every 28 days, and 1 day from the beginning of this menstrual cycle to the next menstrual cycle is called 1 menstrual cycle. For example, from the perspective of contraception, every menstrual cycle of women can be divided into menstrual period, ovulation period and safety period. Contraception during ovulation is a contraceptive method that stops sexual life during ovulation. This is a traditional contraceptive method, which was one of the commonly used contraceptive methods at home and abroad before the birth control pill and intrauterine device came out. Women's ovulation date is generally around 14 days before the next menstruation. After the egg is discharged from the ovary, it can live in the fallopian tube for 1-2 days, waiting for fertilization; Male sperm can maintain vitality in the female reproductive tract for 2-3 days, so it is easy to get pregnant during sexual intercourse a few days before and after ovulation. To be on the safe side, we call the first 5 days and the last 4 days *** 10 days together with the ovulation date as the ovulation period. Because sexual intercourse during ovulation is easy to conceive, ovulation is also called susceptible pregnancy or dangerous period. The specific safety period is divided into pre-ovulation safety period and post-ovulation safety period. The period from the day when menstruation is clean to the day before ovulation is the safe period before ovulation. The safe period after ovulation is from the first day after ovulation to the day before the next menstrual cramp. Generally speaking, the safe period after ovulation is safer than that before ovulation. This is because some women are sometimes affected by environmental changes and emotional fluctuations and ovulate in advance, so that the safety period before ovulation will be shortened unconsciously, so that the safety period before ovulation is not very safe. It is rare for the ovary to ovulate twice in a menstrual cycle, that is, the second ovulation will not occur from ovulation to the next menstruation, so the safe period after ovulation is safer. The key to using safe period contraception is to determine the date of ovulation for women. When ovulation occurs in the ovary, there is generally no special feeling. Even though some women may have symptoms such as lower abdominal pain, backache, breast swelling pain and mood changes, these phenomena are not unique symptoms during ovulation, so they cannot be used as the basis for ovulation. Menstruation and ovulation change periodically, and there is a close relationship between them. If we master their changing rules, we can determine the ovulation date indirectly. There are many ways to determine the date of ovulation, and the methods that women can master by themselves are: calculating according to menstrual cycle, measuring basal body temperature and observing cervical mucus secretion. [1] Edit the contraceptive principle in this paragraph Generally speaking, women only ovulate once in a menstrual cycle, and the eggs have a certain survival time (related reading: egg survival time). The safe period is to avoid this time, so it is relatively safe, but occasionally ovulation will be advanced or postponed, and even ovulation will be twice in a menstrual cycle, which is likely to lead to unexpected pregnancy. If the calendar is always accurate, ovulation may be 14 days after menstrual cramps, eggs can survive for about 2-5 days after ovulation, and sperm can survive for 1-3 days after entering female reproductive tract. Therefore, not having sex 3-4 days before ovulation and 5-7 days after ovulation can avoid pregnancy. For women with regular menstrual cycle, ovulation time is basically stable. Sexual intercourse during the safe period to achieve the purpose of contraception is called safe period contraception. This method is not suitable for young people, because the frequency of their sexual intercourse cannot be separated by about a week. This method is suitable for middle-aged people. Basal body temperature method Basal body temperature refers to the body temperature of a healthy person after waking up in the morning, which is generally the lowest body temperature in a day. In women of normal reproductive age, the body temperature rises immediately after ovulation and lasts until the beginning of the next menstrual cycle. By using the changing law of female basal body temperature, we can find out her ovulation period, and don't have sexual intercourse for the first 3-4 days and the last 5-7 days. Observation on the changes of vaginal discharge: The vaginal discharge of women changes regularly with different periods of menstrual cycle. During ovulation, there is more and more mucus, and there is a moist feeling in the vagina, and the mucus becomes clear, which can be extracted, and the longest can reach 10 cm. This mucus lasts for the last day, usually ovulation. Don't have sex for the first 3-4 days and the last 5-7 days. Safe period sexual intercourse is suitable for people with normal menstrual cycle, couples who often live together and can master and strictly abide by the safe period; Couples who don't live together often, women after giving birth or abortion, women whose mental mood, living environment and health status have changed, women who can't grasp the safe period, and newly married couples are emotional and sexually active, which is not suitable for safe contraception for the time being. The safe period of contraception is a physiological contraceptive method. Sexual life is carried out in a normal state, and you can get satisfied sexiness. But if we can't master it strictly or use it improperly, it will easily lead to failure. To use safe period contraception, we must first determine the ovulation period accurately. At present, the three methods used to determine ovulation period have their own advantages and disadvantages: calendar method can be used to calculate ovulation period and safety period before and after ovulation. However, it is only suitable for women with normal menstruation, and sometimes ovulation is advanced or postponed due to environmental changes and emotional changes, which is not accurate enough; The method of measuring basal body temperature can determine the ovulation date and the safe period after ovulation, but it cannot determine the safe period before ovulation in advance. This method is both troublesome and strict. If you don't measure your body temperature as required, you can't accurately determine the date of ovulation. Cervical mucus observation method can determine ovulation period, safe period before ovulation and safe period after ovulation with high accuracy, but users must be trained and fully mastered before using it. If these three methods are used together, we can make full use of our strengths and avoid weaknesses and achieve greater results. At least one of the couples can master the method of determining the ovulation period. If they can't master this method, they can't use safe period contraception. Safe period contraception means stopping sexual intercourse during ovulation, which requires the close cooperation of the man, otherwise it cannot be used. Of course, vaginal contraceptives can also be used during ovulation. The traditional view on the reliability of this period is that safe period contraception is a physiological contraceptive method. Compared with other drugs, instruments and operations, it has the advantages of being natural, economical, practical and harmless, and is more easily accepted by people. Many people think that rhythmic contraception can prevent most unwanted pregnancies. But now a new study has forced them to seriously change their view that the safety period is actually not safe. Safe period contraception refers to calculating a period of non-pregnancy according to the ovulation period of women and the survival time of sperm and eggs in the female reproductive tract, so sexual intercourse is chosen during this period to achieve the purpose of contraception. Usually ovarian ovulation is usually within 2 days before and after menstruation 14 days, so the safe period is about 10 days after menstruation and the next menstruation after the 20th day. The closer to menstruation, the greater the possibility of contraception. However, according to the relevant data, this method is not safe, the main reasons are as follows: Modern view 1, the success of safe period contraception depends on the understanding of ovulation period, without which safety is impossible. Someone has done a survey in China, and the respondents of 1/5 are still ignorant and don't know how to calculate the ovulation period, which is one of the reasons for the low success rate of contraception in safe period. 2. The time of female ovulation is influenced by external environment, climate, personal mood, health status and other factors. Ovulation may be delayed or advanced, and extra ovulation may occur. Therefore, the safe period cannot be accurately calculated, so it is unsafe to say that contraception during the safe period. It is said that the ovulation period is 5 days before and 4 days after the first onset of 14, but according to everyone's specific situation, it is possible to ovulate early or twice. [2] Women's safety period is divided into pre-ovulation safety period and post-ovulation safety period. The period from the day when menstruation is clean to the day before ovulation is the safe period before ovulation. The safe period after ovulation is from the first day after ovulation to the day before the next menstrual cramp. The safe period after ovulation is safer than that before ovulation. This is because some women are sometimes affected by environmental changes and emotional fluctuations and ovulate in advance, so that the safety period before ovulation will be shortened without knowing it, so that the safety period before ovulation is unsafe. It is rare for the ovary to ovulate twice in a menstrual cycle, that is, the second ovulation will not occur from ovulation to the next menstruation, so the safe period after ovulation is safer. Because rhythm contraception is influenced by various aspects, it is easier to get pregnant intentionally. People who use rhythm contraception like this, but are not sure whether it is safe, can also take the emergency contraceptive Yuting afterwards, which is a double defense to avoid unintended pregnancy.
There are many other contraceptive methods for women. Common contraceptive methods include oral contraceptives, condoms (for both men and women), interruption of sexual intercourse, intrauterine devices, subcutaneous implants, cervical caps, vaginal rings and so on. Appropriate contraceptive measures should be selected according to different contraceptive principles and links, and different contraceptive methods can be combined or alternately applied when necessary to achieve the best contraceptive effect and avoid its side effects.
1. Young women
At present, young women have a lot of sexual life. For such women, because their development is not perfect, they choose to use condoms. This method is simple and safe, but it needs to be used all the time, and should not be used only at the climax. If contraception fails due to accidents (such as condom rupture, overflow, etc.). ), take the emergency contraceptive Yuting as soon as possible after the event, and take two tablets at a time within 72 hours after each activity, which may lead to a certain degree of contraceptive failure or unprotected sex.
2. Mature woman
Contraceptive methods are widely used by married women. For married and childless women, oral contraceptives, condoms (for both men and women), interruption of sexual intercourse, cervical caps, vaginal rings, long-acting contraceptive needles, contraceptive patches and other methods can be used. However, for women who already have babies, in addition to the above, intrauterine devices can also be used.
3. Lactating women
This kind of women is special and has contraceptive function during lactation. However, if nutrition keeps up, they may resume ovulation about 42 days after lactation, so they also need contraception. Because you want to feed your baby, the uterus has not recovered, so try to choose condoms as a contraceptive method, which will not affect the baby's feeding or the recovery of the uterus. If contraception fails for various reasons, you can also take the emergency contraceptive Yuting within 72 hours afterwards, but it should be noted that after taking Yuting, you can only feed your baby after 48 or 72 hours. [3]
Other precautions Physiological contraception is only applicable to couples with normal menstrual cycle, regular life and mutual cooperation, but its safety is not high, so women should pay attention to the following points when adopting this method:
(1) Safe period contraception is only suitable for women with regular menstrual cycle.
(2) Because women's physiological cycle will be affected by emotions and diseases, the failure rate of contraception based solely on safety period is high, so it is suggested to use it in combination with other contraceptive methods.
(3) The calculation of safe period contraception is not applicable to women whose menstrual cycle is less than 2 1 day, more than 35 days, postpartum or lactation.
(4) Changing from oral contraceptives to safe-period contraception is prone to irregular ovulation or superovulation in the first few months after stopping taking contraceptives, so try not to use safe-period contraception in these months to prevent contraceptive failure.
(5) Before using safe period contraception, it is recommended that you record the menstrual cycle in the second half of the year to understand the regularity of menstruation.
(6) Besides calculating the safe period, we should also determine the ovulation date by measuring the basal body temperature and observing the change of leucorrhea, so as to better judge the safe period of contraception.
Therefore, "safe period" contraception is not always safe and is not worth promoting. Please choose a better contraceptive method according to your specific situation. After all, a contraceptive failure will bring you serious physical and mental trauma. Reference 1. Did the experts teach you to accurately calculate the safety period for women? Women's house. 20 12- 12-20 [reference date 20 12- 12-20].
2.39 Health Network? .
3. What is the contraceptive method for women in safe period? . China Health Network [reference date 20 13-04- 15]