An increasingly important role
Developing farmers' professional cooperatives is an important change in agricultural production relations and provides an effective carrier for rural construction. According to the survey, the role of farmers' professional cooperatives is increasingly apparent.
Promote the development of modern agriculture. Modern agriculture implements large-scale operation and standardized production, which puts forward objective requirements for the development of farmers' professional cooperatives. Farmers' professional cooperatives are an important carrier to promote the innovation of agricultural management system and mechanism, improve agricultural production and organize farmers to enter the market. For example, a grain cooperative in Chongqing implements "land share, unified service", unified distribution of high-quality rice varieties, unified production costs, unified technical services, and unified purchase of grain, realizing the scale and standardization of grain production, creating two "green food" brands, and improving farmers' benefits in growing grain.
Promote farmers to get rich together. Relying on farmers' professional cooperatives, promoting the transformation of agricultural industrialization from "leading enterprises+farmers" to "leading enterprises+professional cooperatives+farmers" can not only solve the problems of agricultural product sales and value-added processing, but also further give play to farmers' main role and promote farmers' employment and income increase. This is the perfection and innovation of agricultural industrialization management. In particular, "cooperative enterprises", although not many at present, represent the development direction of farmers' professional cooperatives. In this way, farmers can not only increase their income in production and operation, but also gain profits from value-added processing and sales, thus truly forming a mechanism of "taking risks and enjoying benefits". For example, a peanut cooperative in Qijiang County of Chongqing opened a peanut processing factory on the basis of cooperative production, which increased the income of its members by more than 400,000 yuan.
Improve the efficiency of agriculture-related projects. Farmers' professional cooperatives are a consortium formed by farmers themselves. Taking qualified farmers' professional cooperatives as the main body to undertake agriculture-related projects can improve the benefits of agriculture-related projects and directly benefit farmers. For example, in 2009, a rice cooperative in Fuling District of Chongqing undertook the project of comprehensive management of rice high yield and diseases and insect pests in the whole region, and obtained a project subsidy of 400,000 yuan, which was used to purchase equipment, technical training and labor subsidies for farmers. The income of rice growers in the cooperative increased by about 700 yuan per household.
Improve rural social management. Farmers' professional cooperatives not only have economic functions, but also have social, cultural and educational functions. It is not only a rural economic organization, but also a platform for farmers to educate themselves, manage themselves and serve themselves. For example, a fruit cooperative in wafangdian city, Liaoning Province, has developed more than 3,000 farmers, and holds various forms of recreational activities every year to enrich farmers' spare time. Practice shows that in a well-run cooperative, members can not only benefit economically, but also improve their awareness of democracy, cooperation, culture and law-abiding.
Existing problems at present
At present, although the development momentum of farmers' professional cooperatives is very good, they are still in the primary stage, with low overall level, generally small scale and weak driving ability.
The internal system is not perfect and the operation is not standardized. This is mainly manifested as follows: First, the property rights system is not clear, and the assets of some cooperatives are not clearly defined. Second, the democratic management system is not implemented, and we cannot really act in accordance with the articles of association. Some cooperatives have not established standardized financial systems and accounting books, but only daily internal revenue and expenditure reports. Third, the surplus distribution is not standardized. Many cooperatives did not return the surplus, and some did, but the return ratio did not meet the requirements of the Farmers' Professional Cooperatives Law.
Lack of talents, funds and land for construction. First, there are not many talents who know technology, are good at management and can manage farmers' professional cooperatives. Second, the financial strength is weak and there is a lack of mortgage assets. For example, a professional grape cooperative in Faku County, Liaoning Province, wants to invest in building a greenhouse and developing deep processing of poultry meat, but it is difficult to achieve it because of the loan difficulties. Third, the land for supporting facilities of farmers' professional cooperatives is difficult to become a bottleneck for development. For example, an edible fungus professional cooperative in Faku County, Liaoning Province, is going to build a cold storage, because there is no land acquisition index, so it can't start work. Fourth, the fees charged by supermarkets are too high for farmers' professional cooperatives to bear, which affects the docking of the two.
Training is seriously lagging behind. An important reason for the irregular operation of farmers' professional cooperatives is that farmers do not know how to manage and operate cooperatives, and lack managers, accountants and marketers. The fundamental reason is that the training of farmers' professional cooperatives is seriously lagging behind. According to the statistics of Liaoning Province, there are more than 654.38+0000 cooperatives and related guidance and service departments in the province, and there are about 20,000 people in urgent need of training, not including a large number of ordinary members. Lack of training directly affects the development of cooperatives.
Has not yet become the main body to undertake agriculture-related projects. In recent years, there are more and more projects supporting farmers' professional cooperatives. Not long ago, the Ministry of Agriculture, together with the Ministry of Finance and the National Development and Reform Commission, issued the Opinions on Supporting Qualified Farmers' Professional Cooperatives to Undertake National Agriculture-related Projects, but it has not been well implemented. It is understood that many agricultural projects have not yet included qualified farmers' professional cooperatives in the scope of application.
The tax problem needs to be solved urgently. First, there are many kinds of tax registration. Some cooperatives are registered as limited liability companies, some as partnership companies, and some as collective enterprises, basically relying on companies and enterprises. Second, the tax policy needs to be further sorted out and improved. Cooperatives in developed areas are basically tax-free, while those in underdeveloped areas are generally taxed. Farmers report that they don't have to pay taxes if they don't run cooperatives, but they have to pay taxes after joining cooperatives. Third, there is no unified national sales invoice for cooperative products. Some cooperatives sell their products to large and medium-sized cities by docking with supermarkets. However, because there is no national unified sales invoice for cooperative products, the tax authorities where the supermarket enterprises are located do not reduce or exempt the value-added tax of supermarket enterprises according to the regulations, and the sales of cooperative products are affected.
Countermeasures to be taken
At present, farmers' professional cooperatives are in a critical period of accelerating development. According to the actual situation and existing problems, targeted measures are taken to promote the rapid and stable development of farmers' professional cooperatives. In practice, we should pay attention to the following relations.
The relationship between development and norms. Adhere to the principle of "guided by the situation and step by step". We can't forcibly cancel the cooperatives with irregular operation, but only use economic policies, typical demonstrations and measures to benefit farmers to guide their standardized development.
The relationship between supporting cooperatives and supporting leading enterprises. While continuing to give project support to leading enterprises, we will increase project support to farmers' professional cooperatives, and encourage and support farmers' professional cooperatives, especially demonstration cooperatives, to undertake agricultural construction projects. According to the characteristics of farmers' professional cooperatives, a number of agricultural support projects such as farmers' scientific and technological training, agricultural technology popularization, facility agriculture, standardized animal husbandry community, cold chain system and processing are set up.
The relationship between helping the strong and helping the weak. Adhere to the principle of "different stages of cooperatives, different assistance priorities", carefully study the different needs of cooperatives in different development stages, and take corresponding assistance measures.
The relationship between farmers' professional cooperatives and other rural collective economic organizations. Other rural collective economic organizations, such as village collective economy, agricultural technical service association, agricultural machinery service cooperation organization, etc. According to the needs of agricultural production and rural economic development, the factors of production are organized in the form of cooperation to provide services for farmers and agricultural production. Like farmers' professional cooperatives, it is indispensable for modern agricultural construction and plays an important role in different carriers of production relations. All localities should choose appropriate organizational forms according to the actual needs of rural economy and agricultural production. The state should give policy support and guidance, and mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers as widely as possible.
The relationship between various departments involved in support and guidance. From the local situation, the departments of finance, finance, agriculture, industry and commerce, taxation, commerce and other systems, such as the Association for Science and Technology, supply and marketing cooperatives, have done a lot of work in promoting the development of farmers' professional cooperatives, but their coordination and communication are still relatively lacking. In this regard, there are many mature practices abroad. Some countries have set up special guidance institutions, such as the Ministry of Agricultural Cooperation in Thailand, the Agricultural Cooperation Administration of the United States Department of Agriculture and the Cooperation Guidance Department of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture. At present, some provinces in China have also set up special guidance departments, such as the Cooperation Guidance Office of Jiangsu Agriculture Committee, the Guidance Office of Rural Specialized Cooperative Economic Organizations of Hubei Agriculture Department, and the joint meeting system for the development of farmers' specialized cooperatives in Liaoning Province. The development of farmers' professional cooperatives needs the guidance of specialized institutions more and more. We should learn from foreign practices and set up a nationwide guidance service organization for farmers' professional cooperatives on the basis of summing up local experiences, strengthen leadership, integrate resources and promote the healthy development of cooperatives.