1. What is novel coronavirus?
Coronavirus is a pathogen that mainly causes respiratory and intestinal diseases. It can infect not only humans, but also many mammals, such as pigs, cows, cats, dogs, bats, mice, hedgehogs and many birds. At present, seven coronaviruses have been found to infect humans, among which four coronaviruses are relatively common in the population and have low pathogenicity, and generally only cause mild respiratory symptoms similar to the common cold; 1 causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), 1 causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and the latter two symptoms are more serious.
Novel coronavirus, a newly discovered pathogen, is the seventh case of novel coronavirus infected with human beings and causing unexplained pneumonia in Wuhan.
Second, the drug resistance of human coronavirus.
At room temperature of 24℃, human coronavirus can survive for at least 10 days in urine, more than 5 days in sputum and feces, about 15 days in blood, and 2-3 days on the surfaces of plastics, glass, mosaics, metals, cloth, copy paper and other objects.
Viruses are sensitive to heat, and common disinfectants such as 56℃ for 30 minutes, ether, 75% ethanol and chlorine-containing disinfectants can effectively inactivate viruses, which are neither acid nor alkali resistant, and the optimum PH value is 7.2.
Third, the clinical manifestations of novel coronavirus
The main manifestations of patients are fever, fatigue, dry cough, and gradually appear dyspnea and other manifestations. Mild patients only have upper respiratory tract infection. Severe and critically ill patients may have acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock and other manifestations. According to the preliminary estimation of published cases, the proportion of severe cases is about 17%, and the mortality rate is about 5%.
Fourthly, the epidemiological characteristics of novel coronavirus.
(1) source of infection
The source of infection in novel coronavirus has not been found.
Transmission route
The transmission route of the epidemic has not been fully grasped, and the virus may mutate. Now there have been cases of human-to-human transmission and infection by medical personnel.
(3) Susceptible population
Generally speaking, people are vulnerable to new viruses. According to the available data, the patients are mainly 40-60 years old, and the severely ill patients are mostly the elderly, people with basic diseases and obese people.
(4) infectious period
It is generally inferred that it is contagious from 1 day before onset to 14 days after onset. When severe patients have obvious cough and expectoration, detoxification is serious and infectivity is enhanced.
(5) incubation period
1- 14 days before onset.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) is the main preventive and control measures.
(A) case isolation treatment
All cases (including mild cases) must be treated in isolation. At present, there are no targeted antiviral drugs. Mainly adopt the strategy of symptomatic and supporting vital signs for treatment.
(2) Quarantine
All close contacts after the onset of the case must be subject to medical observation.
(3) Prevention
Individuals should try to avoid contact with wild animals; Cities should ban the trading of live animals (wild animals). Try to avoid close contact with respiratory infection cases and do respiratory protection when necessary.
(4) Immunity
There is no preventive vaccine at present.
Six, close contact investigation and management requirements
(A) the definition of close contact
Refers to the case after the onset, did not take effective protective measures, and the case * * * and life, work and study conflict; Or nursing, visiting, diagnosing and treating cases; Or people who are treated in the same room as the case and have close contact with the car.
(2) Management requirements of close contacts
1. mode can be centralized or family medical observation;
2. The term is 14 days after the last contact;
3. The observation object of home medicine should live relatively independently, and try to reduce contact with residents of * * * *. In principle, you are not allowed to go out. If it is really necessary to go out, it must be approved by the medical observation management personnel and wear a disposable surgical mask to avoid going to crowded places.
4. During the medical observation, the designated management personnel shall take a temperature test every morning and evening, and ask about the health status before registering the report;
5. During medical observation, those who have symptoms of respiratory infection such as fever, cough and shortness of breath, if they have acute respiratory infection, should immediately report to the local disease prevention and control institutions, and send them to designated medical institutions for diagnosis and treatment according to regulations, and collect samples to carry out laboratory tests and investigations.
Seven, the relevant requirements of legal infectious disease management
According to the provisions of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, there are 39 kinds of infectious diseases that need to be prevented and controlled, including 2 kinds of Class A (plague and cholera), 26 kinds of Class B (atypical pneumonia and pulmonary anthrax belong to Class B, but Class A management measures should be taken), and Class C 1 1. Recently, the state has made it clear that novel coronavirus is a Class B infectious disease under management.
Requirements for prevention and control of Class A infectious diseases: (1) Short reporting time: online direct reporting for 2 hours; (2) Strict infection source management: case management needs isolation treatment in designated hospitals with isolation protection conditions; (3) Strict management of close contacts: those who need home or centralized medical observation shall be taken care of by designated management personnel. Close contacts are not allowed to go out in principle, and must be approved by the management and wear a surgical mask. (4) Take compulsory measures: The public security organ may assist medical institutions to take compulsory isolation treatment measures for those who refuse isolation treatment or leave isolation treatment without authorization before the expiration of isolation period. (5) Implement traffic quarantine: In order to prevent infectious diseases from spreading through means of transport and the people and articles they carry, traffic health quarantine can be implemented. (Domestic traffic health and quarantine regulations)
In order to prevent and control class B infectious diseases, necessary treatment and transmission control measures should be taken according to the condition. There is no mandatory requirement that cases must be hospitalized for isolation treatment. For the management of close contacts, the body temperature is measured by a special person, and the close contacts cannot go out in principle.
Eight, the choice of protective equipment (mask)
Citizens can wear surgical masks when they go out, and medical protective masks (N95) are required when they need to work and enter infection wards. The light color of the mask faces inward and the dark color faces outward. The metal strip should be pressed on the bridge of the nose, and the whole mask should be pulled open to cover the mouth, nose and chin. Wash your hands before wearing or avoid touching the inside of the mask during wearing. Masks should be changed every 4 hours.
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