The development of farmers' professional cooperatives plays an important role in increasing farmers' income, promoting agricultural industrialization, enhancing their ability to resist market risks and improving their ability to participate in market competition. Some time ago, CPPCC members organized by the Science and Technology Commission conducted in-depth research on the development status and existing problems of farmers' professional cooperatives in our region, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions for accelerating the development of farmers' professional cooperatives in the future.
First, the development status of farmers' professional cooperatives
Since 2007, with the active guidance and strong support of government departments, farmers' professional cooperatives in our region have gradually developed. At present, there are 94 farmers' professional cooperatives registered by industry and commerce in the whole region. Among them, 365,438+0 is engaged in planting, 48 in forestry, 7 in animal husbandry, 3 in fishery and 5 in agricultural machinery service. 94 farmers' professional cooperatives * * * have members 13 15, of which: farmers 1245, accounting for 94.68%, and 3596 households are linked; The total assets are 32.28 million yuan, including total share capital19.36 million yuan. The base area connected by the cooperative is 1 1488 mu, of which the core base area is 4585 mu. In that year, there were 12 cooperatives with sales exceeding100000 yuan, of which 6 cooperatives had sales exceeding100000 yuan. There are 19 companies that realize the return of distributable surplus according to the transaction volume. So far, there are 1 and 5 provincial and municipal demonstration farmers' professional cooperatives and 25 district-level standardized farmers' professional cooperatives.
Generally speaking, farmers' professional cooperatives in our region are still in the primary development stage, from scratch to quantitative development stage, and gradually carry out the embryonic stage of the construction of professional cooperative demonstration societies. Although there are still some problems in the initial stage of farmers' professional cooperatives, from the discussion of the roadshow fruit and vegetable professional cooperatives in Jiangbei District, we obviously feel that farmers' professional cooperatives have shown four functions in rural economic development:
First, it increased farmers' income. Farmers' professional cooperatives have introduced advanced production concepts, organized farmers to enter the market, and promoted agricultural efficiency and farmers' income. While strengthening management, Jiangbei Luyan Fruit and Vegetable Professional Cooperative arranged production according to market demand, organized acquisition and listing in a planned way, so that the average benefit per mu of the entire cooperative 1.600 mu base reached 1.25 million yuan, the average profit per mu reached 0.5 million yuan, and the per capita annual net income of members was more than 40% higher than that of surrounding non-members.
The second is to improve the level of agricultural science and technology. Improve planting methods and strengthen the popularization and application of agricultural science and technology. Over the past two years, Luyan Fruit and Vegetable Cooperative has introduced more than one grape variety 10, among which the planted summer black grapes have won many gold medals in national and provincial competitions. Last year, the cooperative introduced advanced planting methods, and changed the 18 mu grape greenhouse from the traditional bamboo shed to the steel shed, which improved the sealing and thermal insulation of the greenhouse, advanced the ripening time of the grapes by 1 month, and introduced the water-saving project of spray and drip irrigation to strengthen the humidity control of the greenhouse. The introduction and improvement of these agricultural technologies have promoted the improvement of grape quality in this cooperative.
The third is to adjust the agricultural production structure. At present, the planting varieties of Luyan Fruit and Vegetable Cooperative have changed from single to diversified. Not only grapes and Huang Huali were introduced, but also popular varieties such as strawberries and kiwifruit were introduced, among which the grape planting area was 0.10.4 million mu. Driven by its radiation, the planting area of high-efficiency crops such as grapes in the surrounding area has increased obviously, which has effectively promoted the construction of 10,000 mu of fine fruit base in Tang Hong street, adjusted and optimized the agricultural production structure, and become a new growth point of rural economy.
The fourth is to improve the level of agricultural services. Farmers' professional cooperatives implement "six unified" services: unified seed supply, unified agricultural inputs, unified production standards, unified training and technical services, unified brand and packaging, and unified sales. The unified procurement of agricultural means of production such as agricultural film, pesticide and drip irrigation for members is about 10% lower than the market price, which has played a cohesive role in professional cooperation and promoted the construction and improvement of rural socialized service system.
Second, the main problems in the development of farmers' professional cooperatives
Due to the late start of farmers' professional cooperatives in our region, its development is restricted by many factors, such as macro-environment and farmers' own quality. At present, there are still the following outstanding problems:
First, the business scale is small. On the one hand, farmers' professional cooperatives have less subscribed capital, less fixed assets and small business scale. Small-scale farmers' professional cooperatives will inevitably lead to low management level and cannot effectively enhance farmers' ability to resist the dual risks of nature and market. On the other hand, few members join the club, which drives farmers and has a low radiation range. On average, each professional cooperative has only 13 members, and 38 households are connected, and the connection base area is only 122 mu.
Second, the industrial level is low and there is a lack of deep processing. From the perspective of industrial coverage, the vast majority of farmers' professional cooperatives in our region are mainly concentrated in the production fields such as fruit rice, flowers and seedlings, bamboo shoots, tea planting, etc., and relatively few of them are engaged in deep processing and storage of agricultural products, lacking expansion to circulation business and emerging industries. Generally speaking, the driving benefit is not significant enough.
Third, the operation is not standardized. Most farmers' professional cooperatives are still in a low-level family workshop operation, lacking market competitiveness and sustainable development ability. Many cooperatives are only registered, and have not carried out substantive joint production services, but are only established in name; Some also borrow names to facilitate their agricultural products to enter the market (supermarket) or enjoy preferential government policies. On the other hand, in terms of organizational system construction and operation mechanism, there is a lack of targeted operation methods and rules of procedure, and a lack of specific and operable management system; Even if there is, it is not strictly enforced and has no binding force, which leads to low expectations of members for cooperatives and little social influence.
Fourth, there is a lack of management talents. Generally speaking, one or several "capable people" play a key role in the development of farmers' professional cooperatives. At present, the leaders of farmers' professional cooperatives in our region are mostly rural capable people and professional households, and most of them belong to traditional farmers with low academic qualifications and lack of professional knowledge. According to statistics, less than 10% of cooperative members have high school education, and there is a relative shortage of "capable people" who know how to operate, manage and develop the market. At the same time, because agriculture is a weak industry, many management talents are unwilling to join farmers' professional cooperatives, so they lack professional management talents and management backbones. In addition, there are many restrictive factors in the technical management of farmers' professional cooperatives, and there is a lack of corresponding technical guidance. The overall technical content of farmers' professional cooperatives in our region is low, and they are still in the primary production stage of agricultural products, and their products lack market competitiveness.
Third, the development of farmers' professional cooperatives countermeasures and suggestions
Based on the reality and development requirements of Jiangbei, we believe that to accelerate the development of farmers' professional cooperatives, we must respect farmers' wishes and promote the establishment of cooperatives according to laws and regulations; It is necessary to focus on industrial development and drive farmers to increase their income; It is necessary to form a joint force of support through policy guidance and departmental cooperation; According to the requirements of typical demonstration and guidance services, we should speed up the construction of standardized management, standardized production, brand management, membership skills and product safety. In order to put it into practice, we suggest:
First, we attach great importance to the development of farmers' professional cooperatives as soon as possible as the focus of current rural work. The emergence and development of farmers' professional cooperatives is the perfection of China's rural basic management system, which is the inevitable requirement of agricultural specialization and industrialization development. The Third Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward the new requirement of turning farmers' professional cooperatives into modern agricultural management organizations that lead farmers to participate in domestic and international market competition. No matter from the experience of other places or from the practice of our region, the vast majority of farmers' professional cooperatives are increasingly showing the performance of reducing production costs and market risks, increasing agricultural efficiency and increasing farmers' income. At the same time, because farmers' professional cooperatives are new things in our region, they have encountered many difficulties and problems in the process of development. Therefore, Party committees and governments at all levels should improve their understanding of farmers' professional cooperatives, take the development of farmers' professional cooperatives as an effective way and an important measure to solve the "three rural issues" and accelerate the construction of a new socialist countryside, as a strategic measure to deepen rural reform and promote agricultural transformation and upgrading, and take the development of farmers' professional cooperatives as the focus of current rural work as soon as possible. It is necessary to improve management methods and service attitudes, help solve the difficulties and problems encountered in the development of farmers' professional cooperatives, and fully promote the development of farmers' professional cooperatives.
The second is to give full play to the advantages of the government and strengthen guidance and services. On the one hand, we should guide farmers' professional cooperatives to operate in a standardized way. In view of the nonstandard operation of most farmers' professional cooperatives in our region and some farmers' weak sense of cooperation, government departments can give guidance by selecting counselors of farmers' professional cooperatives, actively help cooperatives to establish and improve the "three meetings" system such as members (representatives) meeting, board of directors and board of supervisors, give full play to the "three meetings" functions, establish and improve internal rules and regulations, strengthen implementation, and promote the standardized construction of farmers' professional cooperatives according to law. At the same time, we can carry out the construction of model cooperatives and set up a number of comparable models, so that model cooperatives can drive farmers. Driven by typical demonstrations, farmers' awareness of cooperative management will be enhanced.
On the other hand, we should give full play to the advantages of the government and strengthen guidance and services in technical guidance, marketing services, legal advice and so on. First, fully combine the "33,000" and "field mobile schools" activities in the agricultural field, organize the team of agricultural technology instructors to connect with farmers' professional cooperatives, and provide farmers' professional cooperatives with high-yield and efficient cultivation techniques such as pollution-free greenhouse cultivation of grapes, high and stable yield of bayberry, rice seedling throwing, accurate quantification, soil testing and formula fertilization, and pest control, and closely rely on local advantageous industries and products to adjust the production mode and business ideas of farmers' professional cooperatives. The second is to use farmers' mailboxes on the Internet to help farmers collect market information, find trading customers, regularly publish market quotes of major agricultural and forestry products, livestock products and aquatic products, build an information service platform and open up product markets. At the same time, organize farmers' professional cooperatives to participate in provincial and municipal famous agricultural products exhibition fairs, and start the brand of farmers' professional cooperatives. The third is to provide legal aid to farmers' professional cooperatives in cooperation, purchase and sale, distribution and other aspects by using grassroots legal service institutions or rural legal consultants.
The third is to strengthen policy guidance and increase support for the development of farmers' professional cooperatives. In this year's "Several Opinions on Vigorously Developing Modern Agriculture to Further Increase Farmers' Income" and other documents, the district government takes farmers' professional cooperatives as the key support object. The next step is to conduct a comprehensive supervision and inspection of the implementation of the policy, implement the existing support policies, and urge the policies that have been introduced to be put in place. On the other hand, we should also understand other demands of farmers' professional cooperatives for policies, study and improve relevant policies and measures, and give preferential policies in standardized production, pollution-free agricultural products certification, construction of characteristic and advantageous agricultural products bases, brand creation, self-export docking with agricultural supermarkets, product display, etc., so as to enhance the vitality and competitiveness of farmers' professional cooperatives; Introduce policies and measures to transform the production and trading of single agricultural products into processing and deep processing, guide farmers' professional cooperatives to transform into processing and production cooperatives, and increase the introduction of agricultural products processing projects; Establish special support funds for farmers' professional cooperatives, focusing on supporting marketing expansion, talent training, information service construction and so on.
Fourth, strengthen training and talent introduction to alleviate the problems existing in the management of farmers' professional cooperatives. We can take various ways, such as inviting in, going out and special training, to train the heads, managers, professional and technical personnel and accountants of farmers' professional cooperatives in the whole region in stages and batches, focusing on strengthening the training of the heads of farmers' professional cooperatives, sending a group of farmers' professional cooperatives to professional colleges for academic education and skills training, or improving management quality through field visits, observation and study, discussion and exchanges, and gradually cultivating a group of farmers who are good at management, management and technology. At the same time, by encouraging college graduates to work in farmers' professional cooperatives, actively implementing the action plan of "experts joining the cooperatives", we will do everything possible to improve the scientific and technological level and management ability of farmers' professional cooperatives, and gradually solve the problem of lack of management talents in farmers' professional cooperatives.