Malayo-Polynesians settled 3000 years ago. In about14th century BC, Fijians and Tongans invaded and intermarried with local people, forming Kiribati. 1892, gilbert islands and some islands of Ellis Islands became British "protected areas". 19 16 is classified as "British Gilbert and Ellis Islands Colony" (1975 Ellis Islands was renamed Tuvalu after separation). It was occupied by Japan during World War II. 0977 1 97765438+10/month1implemented internal autonomy. Independence, renamed Kiribati.
Kiribati is one of the least developed countries in the world and the only country in the world that crosses the intersection of the equator and the international international date line. The Lane Islands, to which it belongs, is the only place in the world that uses UTC+ 14 time zone, which makes Kiribati the earliest country in the world to start a day. As global warming causes the sea level to rise, seawater may flood the country.
Kiribati 202 1 The main economic data are as follows: GDP: about 305 million Australian dollars. Per capita GDP: about 2542 Australian dollars. GDP growth rate: 6.3%. Kiribati has 23 administrative districts, and each district has a city hall, which is responsible for the daily management of the whole island. The term of office of the mayor and city councilor is four years, regardless of party affiliation. Members of parliament and representatives of the elderly also attended the meeting as members of the city hall. Representatives of the elderly have a high influence in the city hall. Kiribati's political system is cabinet system, and Kiribati's government aims to strive for economic independence. Parliament is unicameral and enjoys legislative power. As a member of the Commonwealth. The government headed by Stowe has taken active measures to develop the national economy since it came to power in 1994. Although the party struggle was fierce in the 1998 general election, Stowe defeated his opponent and won the presidency again. 200 1, the political bureau at the grass-roots level remained stable, and the prestige of the grass-roots government was enhanced and its position was consolidated. In 2002, the basic political situation remained stable. In the general election held in February 2003, there was fierce competition among various factions. President Stowe defeated his opponent by a narrow majority and was elected president for the third time. In March, Parliament passed the government's motion of no confidence, and Sri Lanka stepped down. The current constitution of Kiribati is based on the Gilbert Act of 1977, which came into effect after the independence of 1979, so it is also called "independent constitution". According to the Constitution, the President is nominated by Parliament and elected by referendum. The term of office is four years, with no more than three consecutive terms. The unicameral system has 45 seats, and the term of office of members is four years. Except for one member of Rabi Island who was appointed, all the other members were elected. The current speaker, Tangaliki Ritter. In 2007, the Parliament passed a resolution that the number of members of islands with residents should be determined according to the population. Islands with a population of less than 65,438+0,500 have 1 councillor, islands with a population of less than 65,438+0,500-5,000 have 2 councillors, and islands with a population of more than 5,000 have 3 councillors. The current parliament was established in February 2065438+2006, with 44 seats. The current speaker, Sebuai Uei.
The president is both the head of state and the head of government. The Cabinet is called the Committee of Ministers, which consists of the President, the Vice President, the Ministers and the Minister of Justice. In 2002, President and Foreign Minister TeburoroTito, Vice President and Minister of Finance and Economic Planning BeniaminaTinga, and Minister of Education, Training and Technology TeamboKeariki were the main members of the Cabinet. Minister of Environment and Social Development KataotikaTekee, Minister of Commerce, Industry and Tourism TimTaekiti, Minister of Lane and Phoenix Islands Development ManraoiKaiea, Minister of Labor, Employment and Cooperation Organization TeiraoiTetabea, Minister of Information, Communication and Transportation Willietokataaakeemile Schutz, Minister of Natural Resources Development; Minister of Engineering and Energy TeaiwaTenieu Minister of Health Baranicomoa; NatanaeraKirata, Minister of Interior and Rural Development. Auditor-General Takinoatu.
There are high courts and local courts. The High Court consists of the Chief Justice and the judges accompanying him. Every year, judges from Australia and New Zealand form the South Pacific Circuit Court of Senior Judges and go to Kyrgyzstan to receive appeals. Local courts are responsible for hearing civil and criminal cases and mediating land disputes. Every year, judges from Australia and New Zealand form the South Pacific Circuit Court of Senior Judges to receive appeals in Kyrgyzstan. Chief Justice RobinMillhouse. Minister of Justice Titab Thabane.
The main political parties are: the ruling Kiribati Party (TKP), with President Mamao as its leader. Opposition Party for the Defence of Kiribati (Kamanoan
The Kiribati Party (KKP) led by Tessie Lamborn. Opposition Kiribati Priority Party
Party, KMP), led by Nouira Bergnehr. Tanesh Mamao: Madam President, the leader of Caring Kiribati Party. Born in September 1960. He graduated from the University of the South Pacific, the University of Sydney and the University of Queensland with a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Master of Economics degree. He served as Permanent Secretary of Kiribati Public Service Office, Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Commerce. He was elected as a member of parliament in 2007 and has been re-elected since then. 20 16 was elected president and re-elected in June 2020.
Kiribati is economically backward and is listed as one of the least developed countries by the United Nations. Most local economies are self-sufficient primitive economies. After phosphate is exhausted, fishery resources become the main economic source. 265438+At the beginning of the 20th century, Kiribati government actively developed coconut cultivation and continuously expanded the sources of foreign exchange income. In 2002, the income from the sale of investors' passports reached 6 million dollars. In order to strive for economic independence, Kiribati government plans to increase investment in developing domestic resource production departments, strive to develop diversified economy, encourage the development of marine resources, develop fisheries and small-scale processing and manufacturing industries, and encourage the development of small private enterprises. The economic growth rate of 200 1 year is 1.8%.