It must be safe. These problems have been considered at the beginning of the design of Shanghai Tower, because super-high-rise buildings are sensitive to strong winds. For example, if the wind speed at 10 meter is 5 meters per second, then the wind speed at 300 meters will exceed 30 meters per second. If no measures are taken, strong winds will threaten the safety of super high-rise buildings.
Therefore, it is necessary to install tuned mass dampers in high-rise buildings. When the strong wind shakes the building, the huge wind damper will swing in the opposite direction, thus reducing the shaking of the building.
For example, a damper weighing 680 tons was installed in Taipei 10 1 building. In that year, under the action of strong typhoon, the damper swung as high as 1 m.
Similarly, Shanghai Yan Hui wind dampers with a total mass of 65,438+0,000 tons were installed on the 65,438+025 and 65,438+026 floors (583 meters). With the huge wind damper, the super high-rise building will not swing violently even in strong wind, which ensures the safety of the building.
The picture above shows Yan Hui.
In addition, the cone-shaped Shanghai Tower has a low center of gravity, which is beneficial to increase the stability of the building. Moreover, the distorted appearance of Shanghai Tower can effectively delay the airflow and reduce its wind load by 24%.
In a word, Shanghai Tower is very safe. As Shanghai is often affected by typhoons, this building was designed with this in mind. Unless the wind is strong, the building will not shake within the range of 1 m.
The height of Shanghai Tower has reached 632 meters, which belongs to the category of super high-rise buildings. China is called "Infrastructure Madman". Now many world-famous buildings have been built in China, including the Shanghai Tower, which was completed a few years ago.
However, it is said that the Shanghai Tower, which is as high as 1 19, has a wind swing of more than one meter. Is it really that terrible? It is understood that the structural height of Shanghai Tower is as high as 580 meters, with a total height of 632 meters. This data can really soar into the sky. Standing on this skyscraper, you can overlook the whole of Shanghai. But because this building is too high, it will swing from side to side if it encounters strong wind, especially in high-rise buildings. It is said that the maximum swing amplitude can reach 1 meter.
Since the shaking range is so large, what effect will it have? Maybe the people inside feel like swinging, which sounds terrible, but if so, isn't the building a great failure? In fact, the designer of this building must have thought of these problems when designing, because the super-high-rise building itself is very sensitive to the effect of strong winds, and if corresponding measures are not taken, strong winds will inevitably threaten the safety of the super-high-rise building.
Because of this, it is necessary to install tuned mass dampers in high-rise buildings. When the strong wind makes the building swing to one side, the mass damper will swing in the opposite direction, thus reducing the shaking amplitude of the building. Under normal wind pressure, at the height of10m from the ground, if the wind speed is 5m/s, the wind speed can be as high as15m/s at 90m. If the height reaches 300-400 meters, the wind will be stronger, reaching more than 30 meters per second, and the skyscraper will shake at this time.
There are three main measures to resist wind load in super high-rise buildings: one is to adopt a stronger structure; Second, install air brakes; Thirdly, the shape design is adopted to reduce the wind resistance of the building. At present, the wind damper is recognized as the "god ball of setting architecture" in the field of architecture. This function is a bit like setting the god ball of the wind. After installation, the building will swing with the wind very little, so it is safer. At present, many high-rise buildings have adopted wind dampers. For example, a steel ball weighing 660 tons is hung on the 88th-92nd floor of Taipei 10 1 Building, and the shaking of the building is slowed down by the swinging of the steel ball. The damper of Guangzhou TV Tower (Little Man Waist) is actually made of water. The floor of Xiaomanyao 109 ~ 1 10 uses the fire water tank as the damping control system.
Thank you for your concern! To be sure, since this building has been built, it must be quite safe. After all, the safety of people's lives and property and the total cost of 65.438+0.48 billion yuan are no joke, and they have been running safely for more than two years. Now, let's learn some basic information about Shanghai Tower.
Shanghai CITIC Building is located in Lujiazui Financial and Trade Zone on the east bank of Huangpu River in Pudong New Area, Shanghai. The building started on June 29th, 2008 and was completed on March 2nd, 2065 at 438+06, which lasted about 7.5 years. The project has a total area of 433,954 square meters, a total height of 632 meters and a structural height of 580 meters. It is the tallest skyscraper in China and the second tallest skyscraper in the world, second only to Burj Khalifa in Dubai at 828 meters, and about 10 floor higher than the Royal Bell Tower in Mecca (60 1 m).
As we all know, the higher the height of an object, the higher its center of gravity, and buildings are no exception. No matter skyscrapers, towers, high-rise office buildings, houses, etc. This stalk can't escape. But for the safety of the building, a series of scientific principles have been fully demonstrated before construction, which can not only resist extreme weather well, but also meet certain seismic requirements. This is why the strongest typhoon "Mangosteen" crossed the border last year, and many stout trees were uprooted, while Xiaomanyao in Guangzhou, East Tower in Guangzhou and Ping An Financial Center in Shenzhen were safe and sound.
In fact, some skyscrapers or towers that are so tall can resist the threat of strong winds, which is related to the shape and internal design structure of the building. Whether it is the Shanghai Tower or the small waistline, its shape often presents an irregular shape. This "shape" can effectively disrupt the phenomenon of unequal wind pressure on the windward side and the leeward side, so that the pressure on both sides tends to be balanced, thus effectively slowing down the shaking amplitude of the building.
The internal structure of a building (tower) is mainly manifested in two aspects. One is to have a "base" with large area and mass, which can effectively reduce the center of gravity. The other is to install mass dampers in key parts of the building, which is a device to reduce energy by providing motion resistance. For example, the foundation of the main building of Shanghai Tower is made of 6 1000 cubic meters of concrete, while the main structure of Guang Zhouta is made of reinforced concrete, and the core tube is as high as 454 meters, which means that the quality of each floor decreases with the increase of height.
In terms of sway prevention, the super high-rise building (583.4m) is equipped with a1000t super damper called "Eye of Shanghai", which is the heaviest pendulum damper mass in the world at present, just like a huge and complicated pendulum system, which counteracts the sway of the building through the * * * vibration with the building main body. In Guang Zhouta, two sets of giant water tanks with not less than 654.38+ 10,000 liters of water were installed in the tower, and the sloshing of the tower was counteracted by the sloshing of water in the water tanks.
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There is a saying that "trees attract the wind", or "trees attract the wind". In fact, not only the height of trees, but also the height of buildings are affected by wind. It is said that the Shanghai Tower is as high as 632 meters, and it will swing 1 meter or more when it is windy. It's scary to think about it. So are the people inside safe? Don't worry, the people inside are definitely safe.
Illustration: Buildings that sway after a typhoon.
I remember when typhoon mangosteen came last year, netizens sent a video in which a tall building was shaken by the typhoon and looked scary. Experts explained that it is normal and necessary for high-rise buildings to shake in strong winds. The wind in the sky is much stronger than the wind on the ground in the city. Therefore, when the wind blows, high-rise buildings are greatly affected, which is the so-called "wind-induced earthquake effect". The wind around the high-rise building will form a vortex, and the friction between the wind and the building will cause the building to shake. Therefore, in the construction of high-rise buildings, the general buildings are required to resist the strong wind once every 50 years, and the higher buildings are required to resist the strong wind once every 100 years.
Illustration: Shanghai Tower
The exterior design of Shanghai Tower is specially designed for typhoon attack. Shanghai Tower is shaped like a guitar pick. With the increase of height, each floor is distorted by nearly one degree. This design can delay the airflow and minimize the impact of typhoon on buildings. In addition, the building also has a town house artifact to resist strong winds, that is, the air brake on the125th floor. The wind damper of Shanghai Tower is the most advanced wind damper in the world, with a mass of 1 1,000 tons. When a building is shaken by a strong wind, it can swing in the opposite direction, thus playing a role in reducing vibration.
Illustration: Air lock of Shanghai Tower
In addition, all aspects of safety factors have been taken into account in the construction design of Shanghai Tower, and the people inside are safe, so don't worry.
It is normal for high-rise buildings to sway in strong winds. Shanghai Tower is the tallest building in China and the second tallest building in the world, with a height of 632 meters. Shanghai is often affected by typhoons. Therefore, solving the influence of strong wind on super-high buildings and ensuring the safety of buildings have become the focus of project research and development.
Scientific research shows that the wind speed in the high-rise area of super high-rise buildings is 5-6 grades higher than that on the ground. In order to ensure the safety of Shanghai Tower, the construction party installed tuned mass dampers between floors 125 and 126, which are the anchors of Shanghai Tower. The wind speed is high. When an earthquake happens, buildings will shake and make people dizzy.
In order to control the sway of super high-rise buildings under the action of wind, tuned mass dampers are installed in the buildings. This mass with a weight of 1 1,000 tons is suspended by 12 steel cables with a length of 25 meters. It is the world's first pendulum vortex tuned mass damper developed by researchers after studying the damper technology of many super high-rise buildings such as World Financial Center, Taipei 1 Building.
Through the research and selection of passive scheme, the eddy current damping system developed by Shanghai Institute of Materials is boldly selected, and the electromagnetic principle is introduced into the high-rise damper for the first time in the world. When the strong wind swings on the building, the damper in the building will move in the opposite direction to control the swing amplitude of the building and ensure the safety of the building.
In addition, some technical measures have been taken in the design of buildings to alleviate the influence of wind. For example, the shape of the building is a double helix structure similar to DNA, and the angle of each rising layer is distorted by nearly 1 degree. In addition, I am glad that the whole building has also taken some technical measures to slow down the influence of the wind.
For example, the shape of the building is a double helix structure similar to DNA, and the angle of each rising layer is distorted by nearly 1 degree. The twist angle of the whole building is increased to 120 degrees, which can effectively weaken the influence of wind on the building. When the wind surrounds the building, it will form vortex shedding effect, which can reduce the wind force by 24% according to experiments.
From design to construction, the world's advanced technical means have been adopted. For example, the building information model technology (BIM) is used in the design. Through this technology, the project researchers found and solved more than 65,438+million collision points in advance. In this respect, BIM is much better than manual inspection. For example, when designing a curtain wall of a building, foreign senior designers found more than 10 errors on the design drawings, while BIM technology found more than 100 errors.
This technology can also quickly organize people in the building to evacuate to the refuge floor and the ground when a fire occurs, effectively ensuring the safety of the building and its internal personnel.
In addition, from the appearance, Shanghai Tower is a cone with a thin top and a wide bottom, which makes the center of gravity of the building lower and more stable. Shock absorbers installed on both sides of the building also played a great role. These two shock absorbers weighing thousands of tons can effectively reduce the influence of wind on buildings.
The second tallest building in the world, with a cost of 65.438+0.48 billion and a height of 632 meters, is safe even if it swings close to 654.38+0 meters under the influence of strong winds, because of the interaction of dampers, twisted shapes, cones and shock absorbers.
Answer: Safe.
In fact, there is no need to worry about the shaking of tall buildings. So far, no tall building has been blown down by the wind.
The higher the floor, the faster the wind speed will be, because the wind encounters fewer high-rise obstacles in the process of horizontal movement, so the friction is smaller and the wind speed is faster; The wind encounters more buildings in the low position, with greater friction and slower wind speed. Generally speaking, the wind speed at a height of about 500 meters will exceed 40 meters per second.
Shanghai Tower is 632 meters high and twisted. This is not unconventional in modeling, but in order to let the wind impact the building from both sides, reduce the impact of the wind, and disintegrate the friction vortex around the high-rise building caused by wind-induced vibration effect.
Buildings over 400 meters need to install wind dampers on high floors. The damper of Shanghai Tower is Shanghai Yan Hui, which is known as the most expensive and heaviest electromagnetic damper in the world, weighing 1 000 tons. Its working principle is very simple, that is, when the wind blows to a tall building, after the sensor connected with the damper detects the data such as wind speed, offset distance and swing direction outside the building, the electromagnetic driving device will control the mass to swing and move in the opposite direction at the same frequency, and it will vibrate with the main structure to reduce the shaking of the building.
Dampers can reduce the acceleration of 40% high-rise buildings caused by wind impact. It is with wind dampers that high-rise buildings can be built higher and higher.
Burj Dubai is the tallest building in the world, with a height of 828 meters, and the maximum swing range of its top is about 3 meters. The swing distance at the top of Shanghai Tower is 1 m, which is excellent enough for a height of more than 600 meters. People upstairs don't feel shaking at all, so don't worry at all.
Moreover, for high-rise buildings above 100 meters, it is necessary to do wind tunnel experiments before construction, that is, to shrink the high-rise buildings according to a certain proportion, and the airflow through the wind tunnel impacts the high-rise buildings from all angles, observe the maximum swing amplitude and overall resistance of the top, and then simulate them before construction. The shaking of high-rise buildings is the mitigation of wind impact, and not shaking is the most fatal, indicating that the main structure has been hit more and more, which is dangerous.
The sway of skyscrapers is normal, because from the mechanical point of view, super high-rise buildings are actually very soft objects, and softness means that it is easy to form * * * vibrations. For example, when a major earthquake struck Japan on 20 1 1, the long wave generated by the earthquake reached Osaka with the same natural vibration frequency as the skyscraper. As a result, those skyscrapers swayed from side to side, inside.
Therefore, when designing buildings, we must consider the problem of natural vibration, so the solution is wind damper. The working principle of the air brake is simple. When an earthquake or typhoon comes, the skyscraper will shake involuntarily, while the windshield will stay in place because of inertia, which can support the skyscraper and reduce its shaking.
Please refer to Taipei 10 1 building for specific examples. There is a big steel ball weighing more than 600 tons on the roof of Taipei 10 1 Building. When the 20 15 typhoon soudelor came, the swing degree of its internal damper reached a record 1 meter.
In the upper part of Shanghai Tower, there is a 1000-ton air lock Shanghai Eye. This huge Shanghai eye can guarantee that there is no problem with the Shanghai Tower.
Finally, the quality of the air brake is very large, so in order to firmly fix it, the strength of the steel wire is dozens of times that of the ordinary steel wire, so whether it is the air brake, the skyscraper or the people inside the skyscraper, it is safe. ....
With the rapid development of building technology, many high-rise buildings have appeared in major cities in China. These tall buildings have their own characteristics, and what's more, they are grotesque and breathtaking!
Today we will visit Shanghai Tower. This building