Because this kind of activity requires painters to master certain methods and skills, especially more rational observation and thinking, it becomes the bottleneck of children's learning. Then, how can we overcome the difficulties of sketch in children's learning, grasp the key points of observation and performance, make it suitable for children's age characteristics, and make it easier for children to master after a certain period of training? Years of teaching practice and theories from all sides tell us that only by adopting intuitive teaching methods can we teach students basic knowledge; Enrich students' performance skills by showing and copying model paintings; Use the methods of observation, performance and re-observation to effectively improve students' overall observation ability and performance ability. Pay attention to the following points in the specific teaching process: 1. The Nanjing Art Training Course, which combines copying and sketching, believes that children's beginners' sketching and sketching are a change from casual painting to more "formal" painting skills and skill training, which is fresh and can arouse students' interest in learning. However, because sketch needs to represent the three-dimensional space of objects on flat paper and has strict procedures, this rational training is bound to be difficult for children. In the initial stage, teachers in Nanjing Art Class can adopt the method of combining copying with sketching. For example, when teaching hexahedral sketch, the teacher can prepare a model drawing of hexahedral sketch and hang it on the blackboard. At the same time, a hexahedron is placed on the still life platform (the hexahedron should be white, and the side length should be longer than 30cm). The lighting is consistent with the model's painting direction, guiding students to copy and observe, and linking copying with sketch. When instructing students to copy, they should follow the four steps of sketch. (1) compose the left picture and arrange the pictures. (2) Draw the outline of the object with geometric figures. (3) Observe carefully and draw the object gradually and accurately. ④ Complete comprehensive comparison and adjustment. These four steps are connected step by step and deepened. Teachers can demonstrate while explaining, or guide students to draw by themselves. Copying first and then sketching, you can apply the knowledge of composition arrangement, body shaping method, brushwork and painting order learned from copying to sketching, thus shortening the groping process in the initial stage of learning sketching. Of course, sometimes you can sketch first and then copy, and copy can solve the problems you don't understand in sketch. 2. Using perspective knowledge to express three-dimensional sketch From the beginning of teaching, we should pay attention to cultivating students' three-dimensional concepts. There are many ways to express three-dimensional sense on flat paper, such as perspective, shape and body, light and dark tones, background expression and so on. For beginners, the most important thing is to learn perspective. However, although children have a sense of perspective, they cannot express it well on the two-dimensional plane. We can only solve this problem through image demonstration. For example, in the teaching of perspective phenomenon, students should first draw a picture: there is a straight railway extending forward, and two rows of neat poles and trees stand upright on both sides of the railway. Due to the lack of perspective knowledge, students can't express their sense of space scientifically. Many students have painted it like this: the railway climbs into the sky like a ladder, and the poles and trees are lying on both sides, without showing a three-dimensional spatial relationship. Then the teacher draws a picture with the same content in the right way, which meets the requirements of perspective. Students will be surprised to find that there are only a few lines. Because of the different understanding of perspective knowledge, the visual effects of the pictures expressed are completely different, thus arousing their curiosity about knowledge. In order to help them better understand and master perspective knowledge and make theoretical preparations for learning sketch. Children's still life sketches often encounter objects such as cylinders, cones and frustums, which are all related to the perspective of a circle. In teaching, we should pay attention to the following points: ① Through observation and comparison, let students know that the farther its circular surface is from the apparent horizon, the closer it looks to a circle; The closer a circle is to the apparent horizon, the flatter it becomes and looks like an ellipse. When the round surface is just on the horizon, it disappears and becomes a horizontal line. (2) When the inverted cylinder is parallel to the picture, the circular surface changes from near to far. For example, when drawing the round surface of the upper mouth and the lower bottom of the tooth cup, the bending degree of its arc is different. It is advisable to draw a flat ellipse on the round surface near the horizon (i.e. the upper opening) and a round ellipse on the round surface far from the horizon (i.e. the lower bottom). 3. Cultivate the overall observation ability and overall expressive force. There is a common problem in children's sketch, that is, "take a look and draw to the end." In teaching, we should pay attention to cultivating children's observation ability and improving the overall concept. For example, in the teaching of "teapot sketch", children should not be allowed to draw a teapot at the beginning, but should observe the morphological characteristics of the teapot from all aspects in a planned and purposeful way, and describe the morphological characteristics and basic modeling of the teapot in language, as well as the relationship between the teapot mouth, lid and other parts and the whole. Through description, students know how to observe and compare objects, and deepen their understanding of shapes in comparison, so as to know fairly well. In order to cultivate children's overall observation ability and overall expressive force, the teacher's patrol guidance is a more important link. There are * * * defects found in the patrol guidance, and the teacher can demonstrate and correct them on the blackboard. For individual students whose performance is not in place, the teacher should also help to revise them, so that students can experience the correct observation and expression methods from the teacher's revision. In addition, the incentive mechanism is also a good medicine for students to overcome psychological obstacles and enhance their self-confidence in the process of learning painting, which will play an inestimable role if used properly. Teachers should seize every opportunity to affirm and praise students' homework, and excellent homework can be posted. The advantage of doing this is that on the one hand, it affirms the author's achievements, on the other hand, it spurs and encourages other students. In addition, teachers can regularly compare students' homework vertically and horizontally and summarize their learning results. This can guide students to evaluate themselves and find their own progress and shortcomings. Instruct students to learn nutrition from other people's performance skills. 4. Children's sketch practice should focus on line drawing. There are generally two kinds of sketch expression methods: one is light and dark sketch, which mainly shows light and shadow; The other is line drawing (or structure sketch) which is based on line modeling. Because children are more familiar with the expression of lines, light and shadow sketch needs light and shadow knowledge that children can't understand, and modern design sketch doesn't need to draw rich colors. Therefore, sketch teaching in primary schools should focus on line drawing which expresses the structure of objects. In this way, primary school students can understand and master body knowledge more firmly, and lay a solid foundation for later learning light and dark sketch. Line drawing mainly uses contours and structural lines to describe shapes. In practice, we repeatedly observe and compare the shape structure, size ratio, perspective change, front and back position and spatial relationship of various objects, and master the shape characteristics and their relationships. Then use points, lines and surfaces to form the body. Through a series of observation and description activities, children can acquire the concept of visual image and the law of image formation, and improve their aesthetic ability and expression ability. Because children are used to stick figures, the understanding of lines is sketched out at one time, and it takes less than a few minutes to draw a teapot. Some children are powerless without a ruler. In order to draw lines more accurately, when guiding children to draw outlines, we should emphasize the first square and then the circle, first light and then heavy, first straight and then curved, and cooperate with observation to finish repeatedly. When using lines to express the image of an object, we should pay attention to the changes of light and shade, light and heavy, reality and rigidity, and strive to show the internal structure of the object and show a strong three-dimensional sense. It is absolutely not allowed to draw lines with a ruler during sketching. Of course, the key to sketch learning lies in students' conscious practice, and it is difficult to achieve good results without certain time guarantee. Therefore, it is also necessary to strengthen the combined practice inside and outside the class and improve the students' sketching level, so as to achieve good results in the future Nanjing Fine Arts College Entrance Examination.