1 Influencing factors of communication engineering quality control
Generally speaking, communication engineering construction has the characteristics of great mobility, difficult conditions, scattered layout and one-off. Its mobility is mainly manifested in the construction process, and construction personnel must flow between various construction sites. In the process of moving, some fluidity and variability are easy to appear. At the same time, because there are many kinds of communication engineering products, each with its own model, it is not mass-produced according to the same model, which is the embodiment of its "one-off" characteristics. In addition, compared with other ordinary construction projects, its construction environment is worse and more difficult, and it is easy to be interfered by the outside world, which has brought adverse effects to the construction of communication engineering. Moreover, the layout of communication engineering construction site is scattered, so it is necessary to strengthen cooperation to avoid the phenomenon of hindering the progress of the project. Combined with the characteristics of communication engineering construction, the factors affecting the quality of communication engineering can be analyzed as follows.
1. 1 quality level of construction personnel
Human factors mainly refer to all employees involved in communication engineering construction, such as site construction personnel, construction management personnel, engineering designers, etc. They play their role in every stage of construction, and their skill level, moral level and psychological quality are closely related to the quality of communication engineering, which directly or indirectly affects the quality of engineering.
1.2 building raw materials and mechanical equipment
Building materials and equipment are the material foundation premise of communication engineering construction, and their quality will directly affect the construction quality. For example, optical cable, one of the most used materials in communication engineering, cannot guarantee the quality of the whole communication engineering if inferior optical cable is selected in construction. Or the equipment is not carefully selected, and the instrument with low precision is selected, which will also bring adverse effects to the construction quality of communication engineering.
1.3 project construction plan
Generally speaking, the project construction plan has been completely determined before construction [2], and the raw materials, equipment and technology needed for construction have been decided. In principle, it is not allowed to change the construction plan at will, which will increase the cost for the engineering unit. At the same time, the selection of communication engineering construction scheme plays a vital role in the quality and progress of construction, and unreasonable construction scheme may seriously damage the engineering quality. 1.4 construction environment The natural environment of the construction site is the main external factor that affects the construction quality, while the communication project is more easily affected by the construction environment because of its long construction period and wide scope. Not only for the construction quality, but also the natural environment factors will have a certain impact on the construction progress to a great extent. For example, construction is often suspended because of bad weather, which seriously affects the progress of the project. Therefore, in the early stage of construction, relevant personnel should do a good job in the investigation of the surrounding environment.
2 effective methods of communication engineering construction quality control
2. 1 quality control strategy before construction
The preparatory work in the early stage of construction is an important prerequisite to ensure the smooth development of subsequent construction. Therefore, the construction unit must pay more attention to it, and can control the quality of the preliminary work from the following three aspects, taking the optical fiber line project as an example: First, we must do a good job in technical preparation. For the design drawings drawn by designers, the construction-related personnel should carefully study the whole design drawings, and carefully check and check the design quantities. If they find anything unusual or unreasonable, they should communicate with the design department in time until the problem is solved. Only when the design drawings are confirmed to be accurate can they begin to formulate the project construction plan, organize personnel to prepare the construction materials, check all the instruments and equipment needed in the construction process, and formulate a scientific and reasonable construction organization plan and. Second, carry out the quality inspection of optical cable single disc. Optical time domain reflectometer can be used to detect a single optical cable, so that the quality and performance of the optical cable can meet the requirements of construction design. Pay attention to whether the length, specification, model, attenuation and other parameters of the optical cable are consistent with the procurement design contract. At the same time, it is necessary to carefully check whether the cable body is complete, whether the cable end is sealed and whether the surface packaging is tight to ensure the appearance quality of the optical cable. In addition, the registration records of the performance test results of various materials should be made to ensure that the test records are consistent with the optical cable certificate and meet the construction standards. Third, carry out optical cable wiring work. Generally speaking, the result of retest routing is the main reference of optical cable distribution, so as to determine the total length of optical cable laying. Then according to the requirements of engineering quality, select a single optical cable. The selection principle is as follows: the cable wiring should adhere to the concept of whole-plate laying and reduce the number of cable connectors as much as possible. Optical cable connectors should also be avoided to be installed on traffic arteries, and optical fibers close to both sides of the equipment end should be selected with small parameter deviation to provide convenience for subsequent maintenance and overhaul.
2.2 Quality control strategy in the construction process
Quality control in the construction stage is the most critical link to ensure the quality of the whole project. We should also control the construction quality from the following three aspects. One is for the laying of optical cables. Aerial cable mode can be adopted, and the factors that may affect the movement of optical cable, such as temperature and wind, should be considered more in operation, so as to minimize the movement path of optical cable lines and ensure its good transmission performance; When the optical cable needs to cross rivers, railways and other special terrain in the erection process, the construction personnel are required to choose high-strength steel strand to prevent the optical cable from falling or shaking; In the process of erection, we must adhere to the principle of "U-bend", so as to better adapt to the expansion and contraction caused by the change of optical cable itself; Before hanging up, do a good job of sorting out the optical cables, and evenly stack the redundant optical cables in a specific remaining rack. It is absolutely forbidden to leave the remaining optical cables outside without following the construction requirements, otherwise it will easily lead to deadlock of optical cables, thus causing certain damage to optical cables [3]. Second, the connection link of optical cable. This is a key link in communication engineering construction, which is directly related to the engineering quality and people's use effect. Therefore, the construction unit must attach great importance to it and take effective measures to strengthen the quality work in this link. First of all, the peeling of the outer protective sleeve of optical cable must be completed by professional and technical personnel. In the process of stripping, we must master the strength and depth of cutting to avoid damage to the fiber core caused by cutting too deep. Secondly, when peeling the coating of optical fiber, we should choose operators who fully master the peeling method, so as to make the peeling action soft and crisp, thus ensuring the integrity of optical fiber. At the same time, when cutting optical fiber, the operator's actions need to be smooth and clean, so as to ensure that the whole section is free of burrs and avoid fiber breakage and burr section. Finally, optical fiber welding work. During this operation, attention should be paid to checking whether the optical fiber is correctly placed in the guide groove and carefully checking the welding situation. If there are abnormal shapes such as too thin and too thick, stop the operation immediately and find out the reasons for the abnormal shapes until the problem is properly solved. Third, do a good job in optical fiber testing. In the welding process, the operator should test all optical fibers, check whether the welding quality is qualified, check the quality of the disc optical fibers and determine the loss. Finally, check the box repeatedly before sealing to ensure the quality is qualified and the loss meets the design requirements before sealing the box [5].
2.3 Quality control strategy after the completion of the project
The construction unit should also strengthen the quality control in the project acceptance stage. First of all, the unit should collect and sort out all the project completion acceptance data [4], comprehensively and seriously check the project quality according to the relevant project quality standards and norms, and conduct a preliminary inspection on the project quality. If quality problems are found in this process, they should be standardized and rectified as required within the specified time. After the quality of the initial inspection is qualified, the construction unit can go through the project handover procedures with the construction users and conduct a comprehensive review. In addition, the quality acceptance of concealed works should be recorded to provide a basis for later use and management [6].
2.4 Strengthen the control of factors affecting the quality of communication engineering.
As one of the important factors affecting the project quality, human factors require the construction unit to strengthen the management and control of the construction personnel. For example, through the establishment of employee assessment system, the construction quality of construction personnel can be linked to their own wages and bonuses, so as to improve the quality awareness of construction personnel and achieve the purpose of reducing the incidence of errors on the construction site [7]. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the skill level and ideological and moral cultivation of construction personnel. Units can regularly carry out training activities, strengthen technical assessment and inspection of employees, supervise employees' learning, and constantly improve their professional skills. At the same time, they should also pay attention to the cultivation of employees' ideological and moral quality and help employees establish the correct concept of "quality first". In the process of construction, it is necessary to arrange human resources reasonably, understand the technical level of each employee, and try to arrange skilled construction personnel to operate some difficult and high-tech jobs. Secondly, we should strengthen the control of materials and equipment. As a direct influence factor of communication engineering quality, materials and equipment directly determine the engineering quality. Therefore, the construction unit should strengthen the inspection of material quality, strictly control materials and avoid purchasing unqualified materials to reduce costs. Units can set up special management personnel to inspect and manage materials, and be responsible for the proper storage and warehousing of materials. When purchasing materials, we should carefully check the materials to see whether the three certificates are complete and whether the packaging tightness is good [8]. At the same time, for the management and control of mechanical equipment required for construction, personnel should be arranged to conduct a comprehensive and detailed inspection of all possible equipment to ensure its good performance. In addition, it is necessary to arrange maintenance personnel to carry out regular maintenance on the equipment, so as to ensure that the equipment always keeps the best working condition and provide convenience for future engineering construction. In addition, in order to formulate a scientific and reasonable project construction plan, the project construction management decision-makers should consider the project design drawings and the existing human and material resources, formulate as many project construction plans as possible, choose the best plan from them, and put forward effective emergency measures for possible problems in the construction project, thus improving the progress and quality of the construction project [9]. Finally, we should control the natural environmental factors. In the process of construction, we should seriously investigate the natural environment and adopt scientific and effective methods to reduce the impact of the natural environment on the project quality and avoid potential safety hazards.
3 Conclusion
In a word, the construction characteristics of communication engineering itself bring some difficulties to the quality control of engineering construction. In order to ensure the quality of the whole communication project, all units should strictly control the quality before, during and after construction, and take reasonable measures to reduce the interference of various factors affecting the construction quality [10]. At present, there is no unified standardized operation guidance in China's communication industry, and the implementation of engineering quality management is late, which requires enterprises.
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