Since the reform and opening up, China's rapid economic development has accumulated rich material conditions and technical foundation for agricultural modernization. However, for thousands of years, the number of small-scale farmers still accounts for more than 80% of China's agricultural population, and it is difficult to change in a short time, which seriously hinders the development of modern agriculture in China.
"internet plus" initiated the "crowdfunding" mode of public participation, which had a far-reaching impact on China's agricultural modernization. On the one hand, "internet plus" promotes specialized division of labor, improves the degree of organization, reduces transaction costs, optimizes resource allocation and improves labor productivity, and is becoming a sharp weapon to break the shackles of small-scale peasant economy restricting China's agricultural and rural modernization; On the other hand, "internet plus" provides accurate, dynamic and scientific all-round information services for farmland confirmation, agricultural technology extension, rural finance and rural management by means of convenience, real-time, perception, material connection and intelligence, and is becoming a new engine for the leap-forward development of modern agriculture. "Internet+Agriculture" is a revolutionary innovation of industrial model, which will surely bring about a great change in China's small-scale peasant economy in the Millennium.
"internet plus" has greatly promoted intelligent agriculture and rural information services. Smart agriculture has realized information perception, intelligent decision-making, automatic control and precise management in the whole process of agricultural production, more reasonable allocation of agricultural production factors, more targeted service for agricultural practitioners and more scientific management of agricultural production, which is an important feature and basic direction of modern agricultural development in the future. "internet plus" integrates intelligent agricultural technology system and rural information service system, which is helpful to greatly improve intelligent agriculture and rural information service.
"internet plus" helps the domestic and international markets and resources to plan as a whole. Based on open data, open interface and open platform, "internet plus" has built an "ecological synergy" industrial innovation, which provides a set of creative solutions for eliminating the double pressure of domestic and foreign agricultural products market circulation, coordinating China agricultural products market and domestic and foreign resources, and improving agricultural competitiveness.
"internet plus" contributes to the great integration of agriculture and rural "six major industries". "internet plus" takes the road of integration, infiltration and cross-reorganization of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries, accelerates the extension of agricultural industrial chain, the development of multi-functions, the expansion of agricultural categories and the transformation of agricultural development mode, and provides an information network supporting environment for creating a new format of "six major industries" integrating urban and rural primary and secondary industries.
"internet plus" helps the public of agricultural science and technology to innovate. The new generation of information technology, represented by "internet plus", has provided a new environment for the development of agricultural science and technology to ensure national food security, increase farmers' income and break through the bottleneck of resources and environment, making agricultural science and technology increasingly a decisive force to accelerate agricultural modernization. Based on internet plus, the "Ecological Synergy" agricultural science and technology extension service platform organically combines agricultural scientific research talents, technology extension personnel and new agricultural business entities to help "mass entrepreneurship and innovation".
"internet plus" contributes to the overall planning of urban and rural areas and the great development of new rural construction. Internet plus has the advantages of breaking information asymmetry, optimizing resource allocation and reducing the cost of public services. "Internet+agriculture" can radiate urban public services to the vast rural areas at low cost, provide innovative services across urban and rural areas, and build a new platform for realizing urban-rural equalization of scarce resources such as culture, education and health.
Second, the main challenges in the development of "Internet+Agriculture"
How to continuously and steadily promote the efficient development of "Internet+Agriculture" requires a clear understanding, high attention and serious consideration of the main challenges in the development of "Internet+Agriculture".
(A) "Internet+Agriculture" development strategy challenges
"Internet+Agriculture" is a brand-new proposition to upgrade traditional industries with the help of modern scientific and technological progress. It is an important means to ensure national food security and promote the construction of modern agriculture, which contains huge strategic opportunities and broad development space.
However, in the absence of top-level design, "Internet+Agriculture" will inevitably rush headlong into action and go its own way, which will easily lead to a one-sided and localized development trend, which is not conducive to the overall promotion and coordinated development of "Internet+Agriculture" and will greatly reduce its impact on the economy and society.
Therefore, it is urgent to formulate China's "Internet+Agriculture" development strategic plan, promote the development of "Internet+Agriculture" from a strategic height, form a unified planning and steady implementation pattern, and build "Internet+Agriculture" into a new engine that can effectively promote the sustained, efficient and stable development of the national economy and society.
(B) "Internet+agriculture" infrastructure development challenges
"internet plus" is a major technological revolution and innovation, which will inevitably go through two stages: the rise of emerging industries, the extensive installation of new infrastructure and the vigorous development of applications in all walks of life. "Internet+agriculture" will not be able to cross the stage of widespread popularization of agricultural and rural information infrastructure.
However, at present, the Internet infrastructure in rural areas is relatively weak, there are still more than 50,000 administrative villages in rural areas without broadband, the proportion of farmers' families owning computers is less than 30%, the rural Internet penetration rate is only 27.5%, and more than 70% of farmers do not use the Internet. In addition, the utilization efficiency of agricultural data resources is low and data fragmentation is serious. The application of information technology in agriculture mostly stays in the experimental demonstration stage, and the task of transforming information technology into real productive forces is extremely arduous. The weak information infrastructure in agriculture and rural areas poses a great challenge to the rapid development of "Internet+agriculture".
(C) "internet plus" and the challenges of deep integration of modern agriculture
Next-generation information technologies, such as mobile Internet, big data, cloud computing and Internet of Things, have developed rapidly and achieved cross-border integration with businesses such as finance and e-commerce. Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy, and it is in the critical period of industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, so it is urgent to promote the development of "Internet+agriculture".
However, agriculture is a huge traditional industry, involving politics, economy, society, culture and other aspects, and agricultural problems are inextricably linked and complicated. How to use the "internet plus" to string up the chain of agricultural modernization and infiltrate the new generation of information technology into the production and sales of agricultural products, rural comprehensive information services, agricultural government management, etc., it is urgent to formulate a set of concrete and operable implementation plans to promote the efficient development of "Internet+agriculture".
Third, policy recommendations.
(A) top-level design, as soon as possible to develop the national "Internet+agriculture" development strategy.
China should define the strategic orientation of the development of "Internet+Agriculture" and carry out the strategic research of "Internet+Agriculture" as soon as possible. From the national level, do a good job in the top-level design of "Internet+Agriculture" and study and formulate guiding opinions for the healthy development of "Internet+Agriculture"; Formulate the development plan of "Internet+agriculture" industry, guide the development and application demonstration of "Internet+agriculture" industry, prevent information islands, promote the development and utilization of "Internet+agriculture" technology, achieve breakthroughs in basic fields and key technologies, and accelerate innovation in science and engineering; Strengthen the "Internet+Agriculture" legislation, promote the opening of agricultural data and personnel training, and create a good environment for the development of "Internet+Agriculture".
(2) Give priority to the layout and implementation of agricultural and rural information infrastructure construction.
With the help of the "Broadband China" strategic implementation plan, accelerate the implementation of rural Internet infrastructure construction, focus on solving the problem of broadband access to every village, accelerate the research and development and promotion of low-cost intelligent terminals suitable for farmers' characteristics, strengthen the in-depth development of various agricultural information resources, improve rural informatization business platforms and service centers, and improve the comprehensive service level of network information; At the same time, the National Agricultural Big Data Research and Application Center will be established, covering the entire information chain of agricultural big data collection, processing, storage, processing and analysis, and promoting agricultural big data application services based on "internet plus" at home and abroad.
(3) Take precautions and design and launch the top ten action plans of "Internet+Agriculture"
1, "internet plus" promotes the upgrading of intelligent agriculture.
Accelerate the implementation of "internet plus" to promote the upgrading of intelligent agriculture, realize accurate and intelligent management of agricultural production process, effectively improve labor productivity and resource utilization, promote the sustainable development of agriculture, and ensure national food security.
Focus on breakthroughs in frontier and major key technologies such as agricultural sensors, Beidou satellite agricultural applications, agricultural precision operations, agricultural intelligent robots, and fully automatic intelligent plant factories; Establish an intelligent system of agricultural Internet of Things, which is widely used in field planting, facility gardening, livestock and poultry breeding, aquaculture and other fields. We will provide intelligent decision-making support services for agricultural production, such as growth monitoring, yield estimation by remote sensing, and monitoring and early warning of major disasters in major crop producing areas and major food crops.
2. "internet plus" helps the development of "six major industries"
Accelerate the implementation of "internet plus" to help the development of "six major industries", help agriculture to extend the industrial chain, build a supply chain, form a whole industrial chain, realize the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, increase farmers' income and promote the sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas.
Strive to build an agricultural industrial chain based on "internet plus" and actively promote the Internet-based production, circulation, processing, storage and transportation, sales and service of agricultural products; Build a comprehensive information service platform of "six major industries" to help leisure agriculture and one village and one product develop rapidly, and enhance the ecological value, leisure value and cultural value of agriculture.
3. "internet plus" helps rural "double innovation" action
Accelerate the implementation of the "internet plus" to help rural "double innovation" action, accelerate the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements, stimulate the vitality of rural economy, and promote the vigorous development of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation".
Actively implement the rural science and technology entrepreneurship actions of science and technology commissioners and agricultural extension personnel, and innovate the rural science and technology entrepreneurship environment under the conditions of informationization; Accelerate the construction of national agricultural science and technology service cloud platform, build a transformation channel of agricultural science and technology achievements based on "internet plus", and improve the transformation rate of agricultural science and technology achievements; Build a comprehensive information service platform for rural scientific and technological entrepreneurship, and guide modern scientific and technological elements such as scientific and technological talents, scientific and technological achievements, scientific and technological resources and scientific and technological knowledge to flow to the countryside.
4. "internet plus" helps agriculture go global.
Accelerate the implementation of the "internet plus" to help agriculture go global, strengthen cooperation and exchanges among agricultural countries, continuously enhance the international status and influence of China's agriculture, and implement the "One Belt, One Road" national development strategy.
Further promote the "Greater Mekong Subregion Agricultural Information Network" project and establish an agricultural information exchange platform for countries in the Greater Mekong Subregion; Make full use of the advantages of China-ASEAN, China-New Zealand and other free trade zones, give play to the bilateral agricultural consultation mechanism between China and the United States, Canada, Australia, Japan and the European Union, actively build a platform for agricultural products in cross-border electronic commerce, and create high-quality agricultural products with international brands; Build an agricultural technology exchange service platform for Asian, African and Latin American countries, and promote China's advanced and applicable agricultural production technologies and equipment to "go global"; Establish a comprehensive information service platform for agricultural investment, and provide various information materials such as market, channels, standards and systems for agricultural foreign-invested enterprises.
5. "internet plus" helps agricultural science and technology innovation.
Accelerate the implementation of the "internet plus" to help agricultural science and technology innovation, promote large-scale joint cooperation of agricultural scientific research, improve the independent innovation ability of agricultural science and technology, and support the development of modern agriculture in China.
Actively promote the informatization construction of agricultural research, help the scientific and technological innovation project of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and accelerate the construction of world-class agricultural research institutes; Establish a stable cooperative relationship with the agricultural departments, research institutes, Bill Gates Foundation and other transnational private sectors in the United States, Japan, Australia, Britain, the European Union and other countries and regions, build a virtual cooperative network of transnational agricultural scientific research based on "internet plus", realize the great cooperation of agricultural scientific and technological innovation alliance and improve the ability of agricultural scientific and technological innovation; Accelerate the construction of national agricultural science and technology innovation alliance, build a service platform for agricultural science and technology resources, and improve the enjoyment level of major agricultural scientific research infrastructure, agricultural scientific research data, agricultural scientific research talents and other scientific research resources; Build an intelligent analysis platform for agricultural scientific research big data to promote the sharing of agricultural scientific and technological innovation resources.
6, "internet plus" to help agricultural e-commerce construction.
Accelerate the implementation of "internet plus" to help the construction of agricultural products e-commerce, solve the problem of "small farmers' big market", improve the circulation efficiency of agricultural products, realize the value-added of agricultural products, and promote farmers' income.
Encourage Internet companies such as Alibaba, JD.COM and Tencent to actively participate in the construction of agricultural products e-commerce, and build a network operation system of agricultural products cold chain logistics, information flow and capital flow based on "internet plus"; Actively promote large agricultural enterprises such as COFCO and Sinochem to build their own e-commerce platforms, and promote online trading of agricultural products futures, electronic trading of bulk agricultural products and online trading of grain; Accelerate the construction of beautiful countryside and the "one village, one product" project, and realize online trading and online retail of high-quality and characteristic agricultural products.
7. "internet plus" helps to cultivate new professional farmers.
Accelerate the implementation of the "internet plus", help cultivate new professional farmers, cultivate and bring up new professional farmers with culture, technology and management skills, and provide talent support for accelerating the construction of modern agriculture.
Strengthen the construction of new professional farmers' education and training system, build a virtual network teaching environment for new professional farmers' training based on "internet plus", and vigorously cultivate new professional farmers with production and management, professional skills and social services; Actively promote the construction of smart farmers' cloud platform, develop a new professional farmers' training and education platform based on intelligent terminal online classroom, interactive classroom and certification examination, and realize the mobility and intelligence of new professional farmers' training.
8. internet plus helps to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products.
Accelerate the implementation of the "internet plus" to help ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products, comprehensively strengthen the network supervision of agricultural product quality and safety, improve the quality and safety level of agricultural products, and effectively ensure food safety and consumption safety.
Actively implement the "Opinions of the Ministry of Agriculture on Strengthening the Supervision of the Whole Process of Agricultural Products Quality and Safety", promote the informationization of agricultural products quality and safety management and control, and improve the supervision level of agricultural products; Build an information management platform based on "internet plus" such as product certification and origin approval to promote the standardization of agricultural production; Actively promote the risk assessment and early warning of agricultural products, and strengthen the capacity building of agricultural products quality and safety emergency disposal.
9. "internet plus" helps agricultural ecological construction.
Accelerate the implementation of "internet plus" to help agricultural ecological construction, realize real-time tracking analysis, intelligent decision-making and management of agricultural resources ecological background, realize the goal of "one control, two reductions and three bases", control rural pollution, improve the level of ecological protection of agricultural resources, and promote the sustainable development of agriculture.
Establish a national agricultural water-saving data platform to intelligently control the total amount of agricultural water; Establish a national agricultural production and marketing application tracking and monitoring platform to intelligently control the application amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides; Establish a national agricultural environmental carrying capacity assessment system and agricultural waste monitoring system to provide information support and management coordination for agricultural circular economy, and effectively solve the problems of livestock and poultry pollution control, plastic film recycling and straw burning in agriculture and rural areas; The establishment of rural production and living ecological environment monitoring service system, improve the quality of rural ecological environment.
10, "internet plus" helps smart rural information service action.
Accelerate the implementation of the "internet plus" to help smart rural information services, realize the equalization of scarce resources such as culture, education and health between urban and rural areas, and solve the digital divide between urban and rural areas.