First, the understanding of poverty alleviation through science and technology
Poverty alleviation through science and technology is an important part of the whole poverty alleviation work. With the shift of the focus of poverty alleviation work in the new century, science and technology poverty alleviation plays an increasingly important role in the whole poverty alleviation work. In particular, the whole village as the main mode of poverty alleviation work, in addition to scientific and technological projects and scientific and technological training, it is difficult to achieve the purpose of helping the poor and helping the poor to get rid of the predicament completely by changing the backward basic living conditions. It is necessary to implement some poverty alleviation projects through science and technology that are in line with the advantages of local resources. Through the implementation of science and technology poverty alleviation projects, especially the popularization and training of practical technologies, the poor people can master certain practical technologies, change their concepts, use advanced scientific and technological knowledge, change their backwardness and achieve the goal of getting rich. Therefore, to do a good job in poverty alleviation and development under the new situation, we must increase the proportion of science and technology poverty alleviation funds to all poverty alleviation funds, put science and technology poverty alleviation in the top priority of the whole poverty alleviation work, and earnestly grasp the actual results. At the same time, poverty alleviation through science and technology is the starting point, poverty alleviation projects through science and technology and popularization training through science and technology are the main means of poverty alleviation, so that more and more poor people can be bathed in the sunshine of practical technical training, and science and technology can be regarded as the "primary productive force" to promote the complete solution of poverty problems.
Judging from the poverty alleviation work carried out in our county in recent years with the whole village as the main form, it is a good model to effectively carry out the poverty alleviation work in the whole village by combining the advantages of local resources according to local conditions and based on the characteristic advantages of vegetables as the main pillar industry in our county, vigorously developing industrial management and building a second-generation solar greenhouse with remarkable benefits to produce anti-season vegetables. In recent years, several specialized production villages of the second-generation solar greenhouse, such as Malibeishun, Simen Sanya, Ge Tan Heichitang and Luomen Wenjia Temple, have developed rapidly, almost all of which are supported by the whole village. In the changes of these demonstration villages, science and technology poverty alleviation projects and science and technology training have played a leading role, which is an organic combination of science and technology and poverty alleviation funds, completely changing the poor and backward face of these villages in the past and leading a rich and fulfilling life today. Through a happy and peaceful smile, we sincerely feel the great power of science and technology to help the poor.
Summarizing the successful experience of the above demonstration villages, it cannot be denied that poverty alleviation funds propped up the winter greenhouse. However, in addition to the strong support, coordination and guidance of grass-roots governments and business departments, the demonstration and leading role of local scientific and technological talents who are born and bred, love science and technology, dare to experiment and lead the masses to work hard is the key to the wide opening, rapid development and scale benefits of these villages. It is their innovative spirit that believes in science and technology, dares to innovate and try, is not afraid of setbacks, and takes the lead in demonstrating, which has influenced and driven the masses to rely on science and technology to get rich.
From my own investigation and understanding of poverty alleviation work in some villages and the whole region in recent years, science and technology projects and training are the most effective carriers of poverty alleviation work. Of course, the project village has the funds to improve the most basic production and living conditions, but for a large number of poverty alleviation work, the most effective and common means of poverty alleviation is to carry out targeted popular science training, combined with the implementation of practical technology introduction, experiment, demonstration and promotion projects closely related to the training content. Therefore, how to carry out practical technical training, implement training-related scientific and technological projects, innovate the working mechanism of poverty alleviation through science and technology, and make good use of the limited funds for poverty alleviation through science and technology have become the key issues to be solved in the work of poverty alleviation through science and technology under the new situation.
Second, the countermeasures and suggestions
In view of the objective reality that there are many kinds of grass-roots scientific and technological training at present, the training funds are not implemented, and scientific and technological personnel have no money to carry out training and technology introduction, experiment, demonstration and popularization projects, the following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward.
Science and technology are the primary productive forces, and talents are the primary resources. The process of poverty alleviation through science and technology is a process of organically combining the two firsts with poverty alleviation funds as the support and link. Therefore, according to the people-oriented concept, the right to use funds for poverty alleviation through science and technology should be in the hands of scientific and technical personnel with professional technical knowledge, so as to support and encourage scientific and technical personnel to play their functional roles and help the people get rid of poverty and become rich. It should not be completely dominated by the administrative leadership of the poverty alleviation department. Poverty alleviation and financial departments should supervise the effective implementation of science and technology promotion projects and science and technology training projects on the basis of establishing a strict supervision mechanism, so as to achieve the purpose of effectively managing poverty alleviation funds. Therefore, in accordance with the requirements of building a "sunshine government" and opening government affairs, we should continuously increase the transparency of the use of funds for poverty alleviation through science and technology, strengthen supervision and inspection, and check and audit to ensure that funds for poverty alleviation through science and technology are used to provide financial support. Specifically, the funds allocated in blocks each year for poverty alleviation through science and technology should be made public, classified according to the purpose requirements and specific plans of the annual poverty alleviation through science and technology, scientifically and democratically decided, and all projects should be managed. Declare the project through the relevant functional units, so that the funds will be implemented with the project to the project leader, and the responsible units for project implementation will use it strictly according to the specifications. On the one hand, it has mobilized the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of scientific and technological personnel to carry out poverty alleviation through science and technology; On the other hand, it also ensures that the funds are used for specific projects to help the poor through science and technology. With regard to the management and use of poverty alleviation funds, it is suggested that under the leadership system of the existing leading group for poverty alleviation and the permanent poverty alleviation office, an expert demonstration committee for science and technology poverty alleviation projects composed of senior and middle-level professional and technical personnel from agricultural institutions in the county should be set up to be responsible for demonstrating and evaluating the science and technology poverty alleviation projects that have been audited and selected and are in line with the actual development of the county. Finally, the leading group for poverty alleviation will discuss whether to implement it and how much poverty alleviation funds each project should support.
After establishing the scientific decision-making mechanism of science and technology poverty alleviation funds and specific poverty alleviation projects, we must solve the mechanism problem of how to effectively carry out science and technology poverty alleviation. In my opinion, the organic combination of scientific and technological training and project implementation related to training content is an effective measure to transform scientific and practical technology into practical productivity. Scientific and technological training can be divided into two categories: scientific and technological knowledge popularization training and targeted practical technical training. The following are my own views and suggestions.
(A) how to popularize science and technology training for most people? In my opinion, there are few scientific and technological personnel in the county, but there are tens of thousands of people to be trained, and the quantity is large and wide. We should adopt an organized, unified and centralized way to carefully select local scientific and technological talents. It is in line with the current rural reality to carry out training by combining classroom teaching with on-site observation and learning. Through centralized class training, firstly, we will train 1-2 local popular science leaders with culture and certain popular science knowledge in each village, and provide them with systematic popular science knowledge training free of charge, so that they can bring their popular science knowledge to people who are eager for practical technology in their hometown through their words and deeds. Carrying out this training is a systematic project. We are still in the initial stage and need careful organization. Coordinating all kinds of resources in the county, such as funds, talents, training posts and students, and providing services for this work need to be included in the basic work of revitalizing the rural economy and increasing farmers' income. As a practical action to implement the development of the provincial party committee, it is necessary to formulate training plans and implementation plans, and make full use of the regular development of training positions such as vocational schools and agricultural broadcasting schools. It is necessary to make overall use of resources such as funds, teachers, posts, teaching materials, etc. related to Spark School Training, Cross-century Young Farmers Training Project, Science and Technology Spark Technical Training, and Science and Technology Poverty Alleviation Training, and rationally allocate them to achieve the best training effect. Through several years of unremitting efforts, several local scientific and technological talents who understand science and technology and can drive the surrounding people to get rich together have been trained for each village. And through the establishment of a series of supporting policies and operating mechanisms, such as the establishment of a local practical scientific and technological talent information base similar to Yibin City, the implementation of dynamic registration management and tracking services, the gradual establishment and improvement of the local talent knowledge updating training system, the establishment of its professional title evaluation and evaluation system, and the scientific and technological funding support system, a complete set of local talent training, selection, use, evaluation and service system is finally formed. Make local talents become leaders in revitalizing the rural economy, demonstrators in popularizing science and technology, leaders in industrial adjustment, and helpers in getting rid of poverty and becoming rich. In my opinion, taking the cultivation of local scientific and technological talents in rural areas as the overall starting point and actively implementing the farmers' scientific and technological training project is an important strategic measure to implement the strategy of people-oriented, strengthening the country through talents, rejuvenating the country through science and education, promoting rural scientific and technological progress and solving the "three rural issues" under the new situation, which has broad development space and great practical significance and must be highly valued by the whole society. The article "Looking at Tian Xing Tan" published inNo. 1 1 issue of Semimonthly Talk in 2004 introduced the beneficial exploration of developing local talent resources in Yibin. Their practice has brought us a lot of beneficial enlightenment and thinking, which is worth learning and popularizing.
(2) How to combine practical technical training that can bring direct economic benefits with related science and technology demonstration and promotion projects to carry out comprehensive poverty alleviation through science and technology? How to use the limited funds for poverty alleviation through science and technology? As mentioned above, the use of funds for poverty alleviation through science and technology must be based on scientific and democratic decision-making with the participation of professional and technical personnel, and be implemented in specific projects through project management. At present, an important restricting factor of grass-roots science and technology popularization is that most professional and technical personnel lack basic funds for science and technology popularization and training. It stands to reason that as long as professional technicians can go down to the fields to help solve the technical problems encountered by farmers in production and explain them on the spot, it is the most targeted practical technical training. The cost of carrying out this work is not high, and technical guidance can be provided free of charge, but the key is how scientific and technological talents go to the countryside. Now the grassroots can't even reimburse the travel money, let alone subsidize the countryside. At the grassroots level, due to the shortage of funds, it is difficult to fully implement the three expenses of science and technology, and it is common for science and technology poverty alleviation funds to be used as operating funds for poverty alleviation offices and improve office conditions. It can be said that poverty alleviation funds can be used to do other things under the operation of power, but they cannot be used to reimburse the travel expenses and bus expenses of scientific and technological personnel. This makes professional technicians want to work without money, which leads to a small number of scientific and technological talents being idle and difficult to play their role. Therefore, the first problem in helping the poor through science and technology is to establish a strict and standardized supervision system, so that this part of the funds can be directly used by the project leader through the implementation of the application project, that is, the money can be used to encourage scientific and technological personnel to participate in scientific and technological work and demonstration and popularization of practical technologies. For each specific poverty alleviation project through science and technology, a strict project responsibility system should be implemented, so that whoever implements it will be responsible for it. At the same time, in the implementation of specific practical technology training projects, we should try our best to implement practical technology introduction, testing, demonstration and promotion projects, so that training is mainly based on demonstration and promotion, and training is intuitive and demonstration-driven. Through the cooperation between the two, it will not only help scientific and technical personnel to sum up their experience and improve the training effect, but also enable the masses to truly see the intuitive economic benefits generated by the application of practical technology, so that practical technology can be transformed into real productive forces as soon as possible, and avoid training going through the motions and training absence. In the process of this combination, we should pay attention to the role of local scientific and technological talents, various agricultural associations, agricultural research associations and other popular science networks, let them participate in project implementation, give play to their understanding of technology and market, take root in rural areas, be enthusiastic about scientific and technological experiments, demonstrations and promotion, and give play to the gathering and radiation role of practical scientific and technological demonstration and promotion, so as to finally achieve the goal of "promoting the popularization of practical technology with capable people and enriching the people with practical technology".