Methods/steps
1
What is a study group?
Learning group is the basic unit of efficient classroom and the organizational basis of group cooperative learning. Group cooperative learning is a teaching activity which takes cooperative learning group as the basic form, systematically utilizes the interaction between dynamic factors in teaching, promotes students' learning, and takes the performance of the group as the evaluation standard to achieve teaching objectives.
The great significance of team building
1 is one of the two pillars of efficient classroom (tutoring plan and group building).
2. Use study groups:
(1), which breaks the original single "transplant" teaching method and better embodies the "people-oriented" concept;
(2) The ability of communication and cooperation among students is cultivated, and the significance of group cooperative learning goes far beyond learning itself;
(3) cultivate the unity (team) spirit of small groups;
(4) Group cooperation increases the opportunities for students to show and enhances their self-confidence, especially for underachievers.
(5), is conducive to the implementation of soldiers to teach soldiers, soldiers to train soldiers, soldiers Qiang Bing summary to help the project;
(6) It is conducive to the implementation of hierarchical teaching and pays more attention to the individual differences of students;
(7) Enhancing students' self-management ability is more conducive to the management of class teachers;
How to divide study groups
1, grouping principle
Grouping should follow the basic grouping principle of "homogeneous pairing, heterogeneous grouping, and parallel between groups". According to students' different academic achievements, psychological characteristics, personality characteristics, hobbies, learning ability, family situation, etc., learning groups with equivalent learning ability are generally heterogeneous, so that group members have certain complementarity and personality. At the same time, it maintains the homogeneity among groups, thus promoting cooperation within groups and competition among groups.
(1), the ratio of male to female should be moderate.
Some teachers are simply grouped according to their grades, without reasonable collocation according to the gender ratio of the class students, which is very unscientific. In order to maximize the interests of the group, we must also pay attention to the gender collocation of the members of the group, that is, the proportion of male and female students should be reasonably distributed. This has several advantages:
First, it is convenient for rational division of labor. There is no special cleaner in our school. Students clean themselves. In dormitories, restaurants, health areas and classrooms, if the ratio of male to female students is not balanced, sometimes cleaning becomes a problem.
The second is the complementarity of thinking. Under normal circumstances, boys have better abstract thinking, dare to think and do, and their thinking has made a big leap; Girls think better in images; Male students are careless and female students are careful. This combination of boys and girls will make them complement each other in all aspects of their work.
The third is to facilitate competition. Group learning is both competition and cooperation. If the ratio of male to female is appropriate, teachers can compete between male and female students on the basis of group evaluation to stimulate and mobilize students' initiative to the maximum extent.
(2) Students' personality collocation should be complementary.
Teachers should pay attention to students' personality differences, especially in open classes, whether in classes or in groups. If the extroverted and introverted students don't cooperate well, the students in groups can't cooperate well in class, so that each group can grab the opportunity to perform. Therefore, the teacher must evenly distribute the extroverted students to the group weaving. Only in this way can extroverted students drive introverted students to get better promotion.
As a teacher, you should constantly guide your classmates so that they can fully show themselves in class and show their bright side. Only by showing it will you be promoted, because then you will be promoted continuously.
(3) Dominant disciplines should be combined with weak disciplines.
Group teaching helps students help each other, so as class teachers, we should pay more attention to ranking. In the same group, it is necessary to have leaders in mathematics, English, physics, chemistry and other subjects, and not all of them are partial to a certain subject, otherwise it will easily lead to no communication and no excellent student guidance when helping. Teachers should make reasonable fine-tuning for each group of students according to their academic achievements, which is more convenient for help and communication.
(4) The seating arrangement should be reasonable.
Soldier training, soldier teaching and soldier Qiang Bing are the best effects of students' cooperative learning. As a class teacher, we should create such opportunities for students, so we should plan the seating arrangement so that students can discuss with each other in the same group, and underachievers can also consult gifted students conveniently. Generally speaking, our seats are arranged in the middle with excellent students (usually heads and deputy heads), and on both sides are students with medium education and students to be transformed, so that excellent students and excellent students can communicate at any time, and excellent students and students to be transformed can also communicate at any time.
(5) Random adjustment by stages.
After the group members are fixed, they are not fixed once and for all. After a period of observation and evaluation, perhaps because of unforeseen circumstances when the Youth League was just established, there were some problems in the cooperation among the members of the Youth League and the strength between the Youth League. At this time, the teacher should make timely adjustments. If the coordination is not good, we should consider adjusting the seat. Never be afraid of trouble and let it develop freely.
2. Specific grouping method
The number of cooperative learning groups varies according to the learning level. When determining the group size, we should fully consider the factors such as students' age and autonomy, and appropriately increase or decrease the group size according to the factors such as students' age and autonomy. The younger the general age, the weaker the autonomy and the smaller the number of cooperative groups; On the contrary, the number of partners can be moderately increased. It is advisable to have 6 groups in each class, with 6- 10 students in each group (4 or 4 students in each group can be considered in grade one or two); If the class size is large and there are many members, the group can be divided into two groups, A and B. After the students in each group have filled their seats, each study group has 6 people, who are divided into three categories: A, B and C according to the students' knowledge base, psychological characteristics, personality characteristics, hobbies, learning ability and family situation, and 6 people form the group member structure of AA, BB and CC. Class A students are called excellent students, Class B students are called excellent students, and Class C students are called excellent students. Students in Class A, Class B and Class C have similarities in personality development and differences in learning level. In the process of learning, we can realize the classified cooperation and communication from A to A, from B to B, and from C to C, which makes the learning more targeted. At the same time, we can achieve the goal of teaching A to B and B to C, so that everyone can reach the learning goal of "the nearest development zone". This kind of grouping provides the communication and cooperation conditions between A and A, B and B, C and C, helps A to help B and B to help C, makes full use of different resources among students, further optimizes the best learning environment of class collective students, and achieves the goal of * * * common progress. Realize "extending teaching to the whole classroom, so that different resources can produce thousands of seniors."
The whole seat of this group is S-shaped.
Staffing of basic institutions within the group
1, one leader and one deputy: the leader of the leader focuses on overall work, and the deputy leader focuses on discipline and health work.
2. Medical representatives of each group: according to the different grades of students in each subject, medical representatives of each group are set up, and each person is responsible for the collection and submission of 1-2 subject assignments and the revision of the counseling plan.
Selection of team leader
In cooperative learning, the group leader is the soul of group activities, not only the leader of group activities, but also the organizer of group activities and the teacher's little assistant. Group leader plays an important role in group cooperative learning. Only by clarifying the responsibilities of group leaders, conducting systematic and effective training and giving full play to the role of group leaders can group cooperative learning really produce practical results.
1, excellent academic performance
The group leader is a manager and plays an important role in study and life. The group leader must be able to play a leading role in all aspects, and his academic performance must be considered in the selection of the group leader. If his academic performance is not good, even if he is responsible, he will not be convinced by his classmates. The group leader is not necessarily the best in academic performance, but he must be the best in group learning. Only in this way can he convince the public, the students in the group will listen to him, he will have appeal in group management and manage the whole group well.
2. Be extroverted;
The group leader not only has good academic performance, but also should be outgoing. As teachers, we should choose extroverted students as group leaders. If the team leader is introverted, he will not play a leading role in many aspects. If you don't take the initiative in class, then other team members won't take the initiative. In order to let the students in the group take the initiative to show and actively participate, the group leader must take the lead in setting an example and set a good example.
3. Strong sense of responsibility and organizational management ability;
An excellent team must have a team leader with strong sense of responsibility and strong organizational and management skills. If the team members don't devote themselves to their studies, don't take part in class presentations, the team leader should find out and rectify them in time, otherwise the students' learning effect is not good. Therefore, when choosing a team leader, teachers must choose students with strong sense of responsibility. As for the organization and management ability, teachers can give special training to the team leader in the future work. Through the training the day after tomorrow, the management ability of the team leader will be improved to a certain extent.
4, their own standards should be high;
If you want to manage your own group well, the group leader must set an example, usually with high investment in study, active participation in class, courage to show, rigorous and serious work, and high demands on himself. Only when the team leader's standard is high can we find that the students in the group are not in place and rectify them in time. A sheep led by a lion will be brave, and a lion led by a sheep will never be strong.
5. The selection methods should be diversified. You can recommend yourself, be appointed by the teacher, or select team members;
(1) Teacher designation: The choice of team leader is also very important. Under normal circumstances, teachers often appoint a team leader to let them think who can be the team leader. However, when the teacher criticizes after management problems, he will feel wronged and even have the idea of no longer being the team leader. After all, there is a price to pay for taking responsibility. Students' incomprehension and teachers' criticism will make him feel dissatisfied everywhere, so we can choose the group leader in various ways.
(2) Self-recommendation: In addition to the teacher's designation, students can also self-recommend. Before choosing a group leader, the teacher should first mobilize the students' thoughts and guide them to know the benefits of being a group leader. For example, when you are a group leader, you can exercise their language expression ability, organization and management ability, enhance their sense of responsibility and exercise their courage. What society lacks now is not pure knowledge-based talents, but comprehensive talents with management ability. Then let the students volunteer themselves, and they will be willing to do what they like. Even if it is misunderstood by classmates and criticized by teachers, it is no big deal. Although it is only a change in the selection method, it has different meanings, different psychological feelings and different work effects.
(3) Democratic selection of team members. The mass line is also applicable to class management, which makes it easier to mobilize students to democratically recommend qualified students as group leaders. Choosing a team leader is more appealing, and students are more willing to obey management, so this way of choosing a team leader is the most democratic. Freshmen can go through a series of activities before entering the school.
Role of team leader:
1, the leading role of the team leader
Learn actively, take an active part in class, dare to show, dare to comment, be good at supplementing, be an example for students to learn, and better drive students to show. The power of example is infinite. With the guidance of role models, are we still worried that the enthusiasm of other students will not be improved?
2, the organization and management role of the group leader
Each group is a fixed learning organization, and the group leader should give full play to the role of organization and management, lead students to abide by class rules and group rules, complete various learning tasks according to regulations, organize the tutoring plan and preview of teaching materials before class, organize the learning and activity management of each link during class, and track the completion of various assignments after class.
(1), preparation before class: it should play a role of reminding and urging. Remind the team members to be in place in time, pack up their school supplies, clean up their desks and wait for class.
(2) Manage the discipline representatives, learning pairs and guidance relations of this group. We should organize and urge them to perform their duties.
(3) Understand and be familiar with the requirements of all aspects of the classroom, and effectively organize all aspects of the classroom.
(4) Pay attention to the players' status and implement the customs clearance inspection and assistance measures for the players.
3, the group leader's help
In the group ranking, the group leader and the underachievers in his group also help the small pair, so that the soldiers can help the soldiers and the soldiers can help Qiang Bing. Studying hard by yourself is actually not good. It is really good to make every student in the group progress and improve because of their own efforts, and to make the class progress because of their own efforts. It is the highest state of our education to establish the collective responsibility of the group leader and add luster to the group and class. After all, teachers' personal strength is limited. If the monitor is the link between teachers and classmates, then the team leader is the link and bridge between team members and teachers. If you can make full use of the group leader, then I believe your class will be the best in the school.
4. Inspection and assessment functions of the team leader.
As a group leader, we should check and evaluate the learning process of the group members in time, whether the students in the group can devote themselves to learning, the effect of learning, the degree of cooperation and participation ... The learning effect in class should be checked by the group leader, so that with the help of the group leader, all the members in the group can be tested, and the efficiency of implementing the effect in unit time will be greatly improved.
5. Team leader's tracking and feedback function.
It is impossible for a teacher to grasp the learning effect of students at any time, but if he is good at motivating group leaders to spot-check the learning effect of small groups of students and the completion of the counseling plan at any time and place, then the complicated and difficult things for teachers will become very simple.
6. Communicate with team members in time.
The group leader communicates with the students in the group every day. * * * We discuss who is the most active in the class, who has a good learning effect, who can take the initiative to comment and ask questions, who is not too devoted, and who is not enthusiastic. * * * We agree on the improvement plan for the next class. Students who don't speak up to the standard sometimes make a guarantee. As a group leader, we should communicate with the members of the group in time, especially the special students in the group, so as to
Team leadership training:
1. training mode: the class teacher regularly trains any teacher in the regular training section, and the teacher conducts simple training before class.
2. Training content: classroom process, ways and means of organization and management, examination and modification of counseling plan, etc.
3. Hold regular group leader forums-organize group leader meetings in each class at least once a week.
At the beginning of school and the beginning of a new class, the class teacher should pay attention to the management of the group leader every day, take time to talk with the group leader, understand their confusion in the management group, give them ways and means to guide the management group, help them enhance the sense of honor and disgrace in the group, give them how to help the special students in the group, and clear the way for their management difficulties. Create a platform for the group leader to exchange experiences, speak out the puzzles he encountered in time, give full play to the advantages of the group, find ways to solve them together and increase the management experience of the group leader. For example, in the communication, some students suggested that as a group leader, we should encourage and appreciate the group members more and criticize them less. And when the students in the group encounter problems that they don't understand, the group leader should explain patiently, and never show disdain just because the problems are simple, otherwise it will affect the enthusiasm of the group members for learning. By holding the group leader forum, the group leader's ability has improved rapidly. After a period of time, the teacher can organize less and let the group leader communicate actively from time to time according to the situation.
4. Select outstanding team leaders every week.
Every week, the class teacher should combine the teacher's opinions, the students' evaluation and the usual work, and select the outstanding group leader for commendation. They can be rewarded from both material and spiritual aspects, so that the group leader can gain something, be recognized for their own efforts, and maintain a high degree of enthusiasm for the management work they share. As a class teacher, in order to cultivate a good group leader, we should not only have guidance on methods, but also take various measures to encourage students to improve quickly.
Management of team members by team leaders
1, choose an example and praise it in the group comment column in time.
2. If any deficiencies are found, write the suggestions in the evaluation column of the group in time.
3, evaluation, can focus on the enthusiasm of class members, can be combined with the value of students' classroom comments, can be the investment in spare time, can also be a spot check ranking of classroom learning effect.
4. Assist the teacher to spot check the learning effect.
5. When managing team members, students must pay attention to management methods, take promoting group unity, friendship and learning as important principles, and never avoid unpleasantness and conflict.
Do a good job in pairing the study group.
1, establish the principle of complementary and voluntary disciplines. In the group, according to the students' learning situation, students from the dominant and inferior disciplines of a certain discipline form a helping pair.
2. Make good use of helping pairs. In class, supervise and appreciate the help pairs established in each class every day. When the mutual aid effect is found to be good, praise the helper in time.
3. Guide students to provide help.
4, asking for help is not "arranged", students who ask for help should take a good pulse. Where to help, how to help. In other words, the students who are helped must encounter difficulties in the process of independent thinking.
5. Choose "Gold Partner"
How to establish group culture?
(1) Class culture has two forms: tangible culture and intangible culture.
Group tangible culture: value Japan, group card, group training, pointer, chalk box, chalk eraser, etc.
Intangible culture: refers to an unattainable culture formed through long-term cultivation and awareness improvement, such as group goals, group rules, group collective sense of honor, group atmosphere, group interpersonal relationship, and the prestige of group leaders. The difference and connection between the two cultures: tangible culture is a kind of appearance, which can be temporarily built and forced; The essence of intangible culture needs long-term accumulation to influence and infect people. Tangible culture is the reaction of intangible culture, promoting the perfection of intangible culture, which can only be expressed through tangible culture.
(B) the steps of group culture construction
1. The team leader leads the team members to decide the group name, group number, group song, group card, group oath, etc. When making, it is necessary to guide students to give a positive and creative name around the mainstream culture or concept of the school, which is conducive to rallying people's hearts and forming group goals and team spirit. Such as perfection, knowledge, eagle, endless learning, never giving up, etc.
2, led by the deputy team leader, according to the teacher's guidance, formulate detailed rules. From daily attendance, hygiene, lunch break, discipline to classroom participation, learning status, homework, etc. We must make group rules according to the class rules.
3. Daily reflection: Each team leader will reflect on the performance of the team members every day. There is praise, criticism and encouragement.
4. Under the guidance of the class teacher, plan the class and organize various collective activities attended by * * * and the deputy team leader. Such as holding group meetings, discussions, games, etc. Coordinate the relationship between the members of the group, enhance the cohesion of the group, promote mutual understanding and unity and cooperation among the students in the group, and form a United, diligent and active group atmosphere. First of all, we should convey the spirit of this training to the players.
5. Establish a group management organization. Under the guidance of the class teacher, arrange your own deputy leader (routine, health, discipline, etc.). ) and the shift leader. Give each team member a division of labor, so that they are not alone!
6, set an example, do a good job, be good at handling contradictions among team members, do a good job in the ideological work of team members, and unite team members to work together to achieve group goals!
Panel's evaluation and assessment
The implementation of any system and any scheme is a dead letter without evaluation and evaluation. Without certain evaluation, it is difficult to confirm the completion of team work. Therefore, evaluation is the final work of the course, and it is also the key link to determine the success of cooperative learning. Objective and accurate evaluation is the crowning touch of group learning, which will play a good feedback role for the members of the study group to better carry out cooperative learning in the future.
(A) evaluation principles
1, the timeliness is the best when the class evaluation is announced in class, and the evaluation of the day must be announced on the same day. You can't let these appraisal results stay overnight, and you can't let the players wait for a week to know what points they have added and what points they have deducted.
2. The standard of objective deduction is unified as 2 points/time. For significant personal contributions, you can get extra points through group rules in advance, such as publishing articles, winning awards, participating in large-scale activities, etc.
3. Fairly arrange the team leader on duty, and the team leader and all team members will strengthen supervision to ensure that extra points and points will be deducted as required, without favoritism. In the event of a fee deduction dispute, the team leader will generally make a judgment.
4. The objective and fair incentive assessment is the premise to play an incentive role. On the other hand, it also requires the assessment to be fulfilled, which puts forward requirements for class management. Only when the class teacher pays attention to it can this appraisal be binding, attract the attention of the team members and have an incentive effect. On the other hand, team leaders are required to be good at using assessment to motivate individual backward team members, such as giving double points to team members who are not usually involved and encouraging them.
5. Teamwork: The evaluation of the group is always tied, which can exercise their sense of cooperation and team spirit.
Of course, in addition to this quantitative evaluation, there can also be spiritual evaluation. The team leader praised and criticized the team members with a day of reflection, which is a spiritual evaluation. In addition, the typical performance of the team members can be fed back to the class teacher or even the parents of the team members in time, which is also a powerful means of spiritual evaluation.
(B) the content of the evaluation
The evaluation content is mainly reflected in the cooperation process and results. The process of collaboration is mainly reflected in whether the group has strong cohesion, and the result of collaboration is mainly reflected in whether the established learning goals have been achieved. Specifically, it should be evaluated from the following aspects.
1. Team members: Whether students and other members cooperate happily, whether they are willing to help others, and whether they are willing to cooperate with others to complete the task.
2. Information exchange with others: the frequency and quantity of information exchange, whether the information exchange is accurate, whether it is difficult to understand others, whether it is believed in others' evaluation of their own views, and whether they strongly hope that they have the same feelings with others.
3. Learning motivation: I believe that the learning process is happy, and more learning comes from internal motivation.
4. Investment in learning: whether you fully express your thoughts and feelings, whether you have a strong desire to express yourself, whether you listen carefully to others' explanations, and whether you are persistent in completing tasks.
5. The result of solving the problem: whether the individual's contribution highlights the value of the result itself.
6. Mastery of academic knowledge and skills: understanding and application of subject knowledge, mastery of basic skills of communication and problem solving, and research skills.
(3) Evaluation requirements
The performance evaluation of cooperative learning should pay attention to the combination of points and faces. Group performance and individual performance are different, and they should be evaluated and rewarded separately. For example, the best group cooperation award can be set up as a reward for the group that has completed the cooperative task well, and this honor is shared by all members of the cooperative learning group. For individuals, individual awards such as best performance award and outstanding individual award can be set as rewards for individuals. In addition, we should also pay attention to the combination of results and processes, pay attention to the process in the evaluation of cooperative groups and pay more attention to the results in the evaluation of individuals. Teachers should be flexible in specific operations. Under the principle of giving consideration to interests and fairness, it is the key to mobilize the learning enthusiasm of each study group and individual member to the maximum extent. The specific assessment requirements of this class are as follows:
1, class statistics, daily appraisal, weekly summary, monthly summary, summary of each period, etc. Ask each deputy leader to count the number of times each student in his group participated in the classroom demonstration in one day and fill in the form. Ranked by the number of times. Students who attended many times were praised by the whole class at the morning meeting the next day, and accumulated as the basis for selecting outstanding individuals in that month. For students who are less involved (or not involved), the group leader first understands the situation and has a heart-to-heart talk. These students write down their goals of participating in the class presentation the next day and follow up the next day. For students with big problems, teachers should personally understand the situation, discuss solutions with students and set goals. In this way, there will be a big appraisal and commendation award every month (it is recommended that the award take various forms).
2. Set up various honorary titles (excellent team leader, excellent deputy team leader, excellent class representative, exhibition expert, comment expert, etc.). ), and the whole class will select once a week, set up a column and post photos for publicity. Also participated in the monthly civilized title selection.
3. Take the group as a unit, evaluate it in the form of "Efficient Classroom Routine Evaluation Column" every week, mark the standardized items and clear the field. Conduct an appraisal once a month, and the team leader can participate in the selection of outstanding team leaders.
4, the establishment of outstanding groups, outstanding individuals, students to be improved column, published daily.
(4) Detailed rules for classroom evaluation of Chinese schools in China and Britain.
Evaluation is the most powerful weapon, so it is very important to evaluate the group. Evaluation mainly includes two levels, one is the teacher's evaluation of the group, and the other is the group leader's evaluation of the group members. The form of evaluation is developmental evaluation, including three stages: before class, during class and after class. Before class, students' preview is mainly evaluated, during class, students' performance in various learning processes is mainly evaluated, and after class, students' arrangement of remedial plans is mainly evaluated. In order to effectively improve students' learning enthusiasm and do a fair job in classroom evaluation, the following system is formulated:
1, Detailed Rules for Grading Teachers and Team Leaders
(1), preview check
Earnestly complete the tutorial case plus 1-2 points. Failing to complete the deduction of 1-2 points as required.
(2) Study groups
Active participants will get 1-2 points every time.
(3) Classroom demonstration
Take the initiative to show up, add 1-2 points each time.
(4) Excellent performance or violation of discipline in other classes.
Add or subtract 1-2 points each time as appropriate.
2. Make a summary
(1), team leader's summary:
The team leader summarizes the results of each team member in each class every week, the results of each team member every day and the results of each team member this week.
(2), the class teacher summary:
Every week, the best performers, teams and their members will be selected and announced, and they will be praised at the class meeting.
Select the best performance team members, the best team and their members from last month every month, and post photos for publication. At the same time, it is necessary to calculate the comprehensive performance score of each team member in class, and submit the electronic document to the Academic Affairs Office to participate in the star rating of students this month.
(3), the teacher summary
At the end of each class, the teacher should make a summary, and at the end of this class, he should make a summary of this class.