Participating in and discussing state affairs involves all aspects of economic, social and human development, and everyone's knowledge is limited. In order to solve this problem, we must strengthen our study. Learn from Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents to improve ideological and political quality: learn from the party's line, principles and policies to improve the level of policy theory; Learn social knowledge and professional knowledge to improve business ability. Through study, we can further deepen our understanding of the situation, master the laws, regulations and policies of the country, expand our understanding of various multidisciplinary knowledge related to participating in and discussing state affairs, and constantly improve our ability to serve the overall situation around the center. Learning forms can be varied, and various learning activities should be carried out according to the characteristics of different personnel, such as reports, theoretical seminars, symposiums, study classes, training courses, etc. Through study, we can improve the policy and theoretical level of members of democratic parties and their ability to participate in and discuss state affairs.

In terms of ideological understanding, some democratic parties and comrades of the Federation of Industry and Commerce do have some different understandings. I believe that under the current political system in China, it is difficult for the democratic parties and the Federation of Industry and Commerce to make a difference. Some comrades believe that democratic parties are political vases, and participating in and discussing state affairs means "talking in vain, talking in vain, and who will not talk in vain." Some comrades say that it is meaningless to participate in and discuss state affairs. What do you think of talking too much? " Some people say that all Members of the CPPCC need to do is "raise their hands and clap their hands", and everything will be fine. This is a misunderstanding of multi-party cooperation and political consultation. Therefore, raising awareness mainly focuses on two aspects:

The first is to raise awareness of the multi-party cooperation system.

In the new era, China's * * * production party has put forward the policy of "long-term * * * existence, mutual supervision, treating each other with sincerity and sharing weal and woe", and the multi-party cooperation system has been further improved and developed. China's * * * production party has carried out extensive political cooperation with various democratic parties, taken care of the political and material interests of its allies, and United them to advance together. While consciously accepting the leadership of the Producers' Party of China, all democratic parties maintain their independent and equal political status, and have a broad space for freely expressing different political views through legal procedures.

It can be said that the leaders of the older generation of democratic parties have deep feelings for the party's leadership and multi-party cooperation system because of their experience of unity and cooperation with China. Some young comrades, because of their inexperience, have some resistance to the multi-party cooperation system. They think it is a one-party dictatorship, and they know little about the western multi-party system, but they admire it to the utmost.

On March 18, Lianhe Zaobao reprinted Song Luzheng's article: Comparative Politics: Why is the one-party system in China superior to the multi-party system in the West? Some ideas are novel, while others are debatable.

The article holds that the excellent performance of China model will inevitably lead to global research on the reasons for its success, but these studies all have the same defect: they avoid the important role of political system factors. The truly distinctive feature of China is its effective political system, which is the real reason why China has achieved economic success and started a brand-new "China model" modernization road. Compared with western multi-party system, China's political system has six advantages.

One of the advantages: continuity of policies.

In Europe, as soon as the left and right political parties of Britain and France came to power, the national development policy changed immediately, either large-scale nationalization or large-scale privatization. In the United States, when the left-leaning Democratic Party was in power, it generally adopted the policies of increasing taxes on the rich, opening the door to consortia and subsidizing the poor, such as the "medical insurance reform" promoted by the Clinton era and the Obama administration. Right-leaning and the ruling party take the position of reducing taxes for the rich and supporting consortia, and every swing will cause different degrees of damage to the national economy. In the era of Chiang Kai-shek, Taiwan Province Province also formulated a "six-year development plan" similar to that of the mainland, but after democratization, it all went away. After all, political parties have only been in power for four or eight years, all of which are short-term hype. Who can manage things after four or eight years? In India, subsidies to farmers have increased in the past few decades, but investment in agriculture has declined. Farmers may benefit in the short term, but in the long run, they have lost their production capacity and their living standards have not been improved. But short-term distribution can please the people and benefit the votes of political parties. This is why although India has private land, the cultivated land area is the largest in the world, and the per capita land area is twice that of China, it cannot solve the problem of food and clothing in the whole country, while China's grain is twice that of India.

The second advantage: administrative execution.

China's Terminal 3 for the Olympic Games took three years to complete, which is not even enough time for western approval procedures. In the once-in-a-century Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, China's high-speed and effective mobilization ability shocked the whole world. The earthquake in Haiti, the first to reach the disaster area is China, which is thousands of miles away, two hours earlier than Haiti's neighboring country, the United States! France, the United States and other countries are quite confused and inefficient when dealing with their own emergencies. The summer heat in France in 2003 and Hurricane Katrina in the United States in 2005 are such examples. At the moment when the disaster was extremely serious, French President Jacques Chirac continued his vacation until the end of the holiday. The high temperature this summer caused tens of thousands of deaths in France. President George W. Bush stopped his vacation three days later and directly directed the disaster relief. The disaster area has long been a hell on earth, so that the first thing for soldiers who go to rescue the disaster is to quell the violence rather than rescue the disaster. That I would rather go to Iraq! Last year, a typhoon struck both sides of the Taiwan Strait, and the mainland was able to evacuate one million people quickly, but it was unable to cope with the tragedy in Taiwan Province Province, resulting in more than 600 deaths and disappearances.

The third benefit: it is to curb corruption.

The corrupt people in China are the most dissatisfied. Why can we conclude that the one-party system can effectively curb corruption?

First, China is in a period of economic take-off and social transformation. Throughout human history, this stage is a period of widespread corruption. Developed countries such as the United States, Britain, France and Japan have all gone the same way.

Second, compared with Indian and Russian countries during the economic take-off, the level of corruption in China is far lower than those countries in the same process. Especially in the 1990s, corruption in Russia once reached the extreme madness and out of control. What makes the world face up to China's anti-corruption experience is Russian experience and lessons.

Third, any form of trading in power and money is illegal in China, but it is legal in western countries under certain conditions. Although it is legal, it cannot change the nature of its power and money transactions. Just as pornography is mostly legal in the west, it still cannot change the nature of money and sex trade. But the result of legalization is less corruption, because these behaviors are no longer corruption. It's like pornography is illegal in China, and China is naturally included in the crime rate, which is naturally higher than that of countries where pornography is legal.

Fourth, corruption in the West is rigid corruption, while corruption in China is human corruption. Western democracy must have elections, and elections must have money. Politicians accept the support of the consortium and must give back after winning. This is the rigid principle of corruption in a democratic system. In China, the appointment of officials is influenced by many factors, such as working ability, public evaluation, interpersonal relationship and bribery. However, this kind of expenditure is completely out of proportion to the cost of large-scale elections, so it is not directly related to the consortium. The corruption after they took office is mainly related to human greed, and the external causes are low income and imperfect legal supervision. However, objectively, there is no rigid principle that power and money transactions must be corrupt.

Under the one-party system, China has the ability to fight corruption. China's "double regulations" system, real-name reporting system and official publicity system are not available in other countries. Although it can't reach the current level of western developed countries due to the constraints of economic development stage, it is the most acceptable effect in this specific time and space of social transformation.

The fifth advantage lies in the training and selection of talents.

The cultivation of political talents in China is a long process, especially for high-end political elites, who must have sufficient grassroots experience. It can be said that ability is the most important criterion. However, in a democratic society, there are many factors that affect elections, such as religious belief, gender, race, image, ability to show and speak, sufficient financial support and political nepotism, but the most important ability is marginalized. Obama, for example, has only been a senator and has not been a mayor for a day. It can be said that he has no administrative experience, but he was elected to run the whole country. Is this possible in China?

In addition, because of the existence of different political parties, the political talents of the whole country are cut into several parts and advance and retreat together with political parties. If one party wins, even if the original administrative officer is competent again, everything will change greatly. On the one hand, it causes a shortage of talents, on the other hand, it causes a waste of talents. After all, political elites are also scarce resources, and the emergence of an excellent political talent is also a combination of many factors, and political elites also have their natural life span. When a political party is re-elected for eight years, it means that the political elite of another political party has been idle for eight years.

To elect such a leader, either you can't choose the best talents or you can't choose anyone. This is why democratic countries often fail to select outstanding talents. At least from the practical political practice, China's hierarchical selection system and conscious personnel training system are superior to the western model of electing leaders. If we look at the two sides of the Taiwan Strait again, the contrast will be even more striking.

Advantage 4: Responsible.

When it comes to China, the West often uses the phrase "absolute power, absolute corruption". This is actually an ideological assumption, which is inconsistent with today's political practice (the serious corruption in many democratic countries is a good example). And more importantly, the West has not realized that "absolute power often means absolute responsibility". In a democratic country, if something goes wrong, you can pass the buck. The ruling party said that the opposition did not cooperate. After the opposition party became the ruling party, it was said that it was caused by its predecessor. Moreover, projects that span the term of a political party are often sacrificed first. Recently, President Obama submitted a 20 1 1 budget to Congress, one of which was to cut the Bush-era moon landing plan. The moon landing program has cost 965,438+billion dollars, which is more than 60 billion yuan. This project has become a half-baked project. However, it is strange that no one is responsible for such a big loss. If a project decision in China caused such a big loss, how could the responsible person be spared?

It still has something to do with democracy. In a democratic society, many officials are elected, so they have tenure security. As long as it is not illegal, wrong decision-making or inaction, it will not affect the term of office. And once your term expires, you will step down, and even if there are any problems, you will not be investigated again. George W. Bush launched the Iraq war. Has anyone been held accountable? Created an economic crisis that swept the world. Have any politicians been investigated? In China, the accountability system for senior officials is becoming more and more perfect, and officials who are incompetent or dereliction of duty or make mistakes will be held accountable at any time. This is also why on the eve of the typhoon, mainland officials are ready to wait, on the grounds of avoiding disasters. Because of this disaster, local officials will be held accountable. Taiwan Province officials have a holiday dinner on the grounds that the disaster hasn't happened yet.

Advantage 6: Representing the whole people.

Under the western multi-party system, the interest groups represented by each political party are different. Whether on behalf of the public or the consortium. This is true in Britain, France and the United States. But no matter who they represent, no political party is a national political party. After taking office, governance can only be biased towards supporting one's own group.

Another reason why the multi-party system cannot represent the whole people is the election. If a group's interests want to be protected and valued, it must meet two conditions: first, it has the right to vote; Second, there should be a considerable number. If this condition is not met, it cannot be effectively protected.

Of course, elections also bring about the other extreme. Take India as an example. India's illiteracy rate remains high, and the government's literacy program has little effect. The reason is that literacy is undertaken by local governments, and local governments are not enthusiastic about literacy. One of the reasons is that the more illiterate, the easier it is for voters to control and influence, and the easier it is for local politicians to get votes.

In the past 30 years, China's economic policy has not been particularly inclined to any interest groups in general. Reform and opening up began in the countryside, and the first beneficiaries were farmers. With the deepening of reform, laid-off groups have appeared in cities, and the state has begun to establish a security system. Later, with the growth of economic strength, the agricultural tax was abolished, the new rural medical cooperative medical system was established, and the rural old-age security was piloted. Generally speaking, China * * * maintains a neutral role and an objective role. This is also recognized by researchers at home and abroad. This feature of China is even more obvious if compared with other developing countries that practice western multi-party system.

Politics in many developing countries is either held hostage by populism, which often leads to over-distribution, thus damaging the long-term distribution ability of the government; Or dominated by social elites, further aggravating social inequality. The existence of social inequality, in turn, stimulated the prevalence of populism. In an unequal society, it is easier to manipulate votes and mislead people. This has been verified by the experience and lessons of countless countries.

These viewpoints mentioned just now should be of great help for us to better understand the superiority of the multi-party cooperation system.

The second is to strengthen the understanding of the importance of participating in and discussing state affairs.

From the perspective of political science, general public policy research includes two systems: one is the administrative policy research system; The second is the academic policy research system. The two systems have their own advantages and disadvantages and need to complement each other.

The advantages of the administrative policy research system of the party and government organs are that it is close to the high-level decision-making institutions and personnel of the party and government, and has a lot of internal information and authoritative research. However, administrative policy research is sometimes dominated by a certain mindset, which has a strong inertia, and some achievements simply and mechanically provide comments and support for the current policy. Influenced by the change of leaders, some studies focus on short-term effects and ignore long-term considerations.

Although academic policy research has its shortcomings, it has the characteristics of extensive research disciplines, basic information system, free choice of research topics, independence, objectivity, flexibility, broad research vision and long-term vision. Democratic parties, as participating parties, can not only partially participate in administrative policy research, but also play a unique role in academic policy research.

Democratic parties, as participating parties, are different from the ruling party and government organs in the scope and degree of understanding. Party committees and governments at all levels should further implement the Party's principles and policies towards democratic parties, strive to expand their knowledge and participation, support democratic parties to give full play to their role in participating in and discussing state affairs, creatively give play to their advantages, and do a good job in participating in and discussing state affairs.

As long as the democratic parties give full play to their own advantages, properly handle the relationship between participating in and discussing state affairs, and accurately grasp the complete content of participating in and discussing state affairs, the democratic parties will have great potential in participating in and discussing state affairs.

(B) Team building

As the old saying goes, "If a worker wants to do a good job, he must sharpen his tools first". Without a group of party member with high political quality and experts and scholars from all walks of life as the backbone, and without a party member team that cares about current affairs, people's livelihood and has a strong sense of participating in and discussing state affairs, any democratic party organization will only be a castle in the air if it wants to perform its functions and play its role in participating in and discussing state affairs. Therefore, it is very important to establish a team to participate in and discuss state affairs.

Do a good job in team building, mainly from the following aspects:

One is to strictly close the entrance.

In strict accordance with the spirit of "Three Minutes on the Development of Democratic Party Organizations" and Document No.5 of Zhongfa [2005], adhere to the principle of "three priorities", pay attention to quality, maintain characteristics, and combine organizational development with the construction of reserve cadres, and develop young comrades who are of one mind, high level, strong representation and potential for development with the China * * production party and become members of democratic parties.

It is necessary to reform the recommendation system of NPC deputies and CPPCC members at all levels, and change the practice that leaders have the final say and public affairs are human feelings. Try out the campaign mechanism and publicity system, enhance transparency, and put an end to dumb members and inaction. When recommending candidates for deputies and Committee members, we should fully listen to the opinions of party leaders and party leaders, allow speech competition, and select those members who are truly knowledgeable, capable, above others, have time, are enthusiastic, understand politics, dare to do practical things for the people, and are willing to make suggestions and suggestions at the front line of participating in and discussing state affairs. Let everyone take it orally and participate in the discussion of state affairs. Everyone has the will and enthusiasm.

The second is to strengthen training.

Training is not only to train the consciousness of participating parties, but also to fundamentally realize that participating in and discussing state affairs is the function of our democratic parties and our important task, not a dispensable or trivial matter. More importantly, it is necessary to highlight the improvement of policy level, cultivate the ability to participate in and discuss state affairs, and strive to improve the level of participation in and discussion of state affairs.

Have a policy level, or you will say something crooked.

In 2005, CPPCC, a representative comrade in Chongqing, suggested that CPPCC members should be elected by CPPCC, leading and recruiting troops to master the quality of CPPCC members. There are two misunderstandings here: First, CPPCC is a United front organization led by the Party, and China is equal to all democratic parties, federations of industry and commerce and other circles of CPPCC. Entrusted by the CPC Central Committee, the CPPCC leading group is responsible for daily operation. Second, the leadership of the Party is embodied in the fact that CPPCC members are recommended by the Party Committee, and the United Front Work Department of the Party Committee is responsible for the specific work. Just like the election of deputies to the National People's Congress, the organization department is responsible for organizing. Recruiting and leading troops are also two lines. This matter is very serious, and some comrades of the CPPCC are also doing research, adding fuel to the fire. In the end, it went away.

It also needs to be clear that the relationship with CPPCC and the United Front Work Department should be handled well. The democratic parties and the Federation of Industry and Commerce are only a department of CPPCC, and the United Front Work Department is the main body that leads and coordinates the work of the democratic parties and the Federation of Industry and Commerce on behalf of the Party Committee. In other words, the United Front Work Department is the base camp of the democratic parties.

A wise man corrects his own mistakes through the mistakes of others. In fact, many comrades of democratic parties and federations of industry and commerce, including some comrades present here, are very capable and experienced. Some democratic parties and federations of industry and commerce in counties and districts have also done a good job in organizing political participation and deliberation. What should we do? We should invite them to discuss and exchange ideas, impart experience and help others. NLD Chongqing Municipal Committee even suggested that some district and county organizations should put forward good proposals and motions with * * * characteristics, because they can not only solve practical problems, but also copy them, not to mention the experience of participating in and discussing state affairs.

The third is to integrate strength.

In particular, the enthusiasm of deputies to people's congresses at all levels, CPPCC members and special envoys at all levels, give play to group advantages and organizational advantages, and do a good job in participating in and discussing state affairs.

Mobilize everyone's enthusiasm, but also establish a sense of quality products. At present, there is a very bad phenomenon, greed for perfection. In CPPCC, it is not only the number of proposals and the instructions of leaders. It wastes a lot of manpower and material resources of democratic parties, CPPCC and government departments, but there are not many suggestions that really work.

In Beijing, Jiangxi and other places, CPPCC meetings are held every year, requiring each party and Federation of Industry and Commerce to have only one proposal to speak at the meeting. Others, communicate first, deal with social conditions and public opinion, or be directly explained and explained by government departments. This requires a sense of quality.

We should be close to the lives of ordinary people. It is difficult to reform when it involves the interests of a few people, but it involves the interests of the majority, and it will be put in place as soon as it is reformed. For example, car reform, housing reform, educational reform and medical reform.

The current credit system, stock market and housing market.

(3) in-depth study

Comrades of democratic parties should keep pace with the times, not only be good at learning, but also conduct in-depth research to adapt to changes in social conditions. With the establishment of a series of major principles and policies of the ruling party in the new century, the contents and forms of democratic parties' participation in politics and deliberation have changed greatly, and the ruling party has also put forward higher requirements for participation in politics and deliberation.

Only by constantly enriching research content, innovating research mechanism, broadening research channels and enhancing research effectiveness can we observe society, discover and study new problems, put forward opinions and suggestions, provide reliable basis for scientific decision-making of the CPC Central Committee and the government, and inject strong impetus into economic development and overall social progress. To change ideas and enhance innovation consciousness, we should proceed from reality, take the initiative to contact government departments, carry out various forms of investigation and inspection, master first-hand information, and put forward scientific, predictive, overall and effective opinions and suggestions to realize new breakthroughs and progress in participating in and discussing state affairs.

Five phenomena of unfair distribution at present:

First, the proportion of residents' income in national income distribution is low, showing a downward trend year by year, while government income and enterprise income show a rapid upward trend;

Second, the income of ordinary workers is low, and the trend of "strong capital and weak labor" is constantly strengthening;

Third, the income of monopoly industries is abnormally high;

Fourth, unreasonable income such as "small coffers" and fines for arbitrary charges has not been effectively supervised;

Fifth, there are many phenomena that violate the distribution policy, such as price reduction, deduction and wage arrears.

Unfair distribution inhibits the motive force of social development and progress and affects social harmony and stability.

(D) Innovation mechanism

A system is a procedure or code of conduct that everyone is required to abide by. Through scientific and strict procedures, people's behavior can be standardized. Perfecting system construction is an important content to improve the ability of democratic parties to participate in and discuss state affairs. Without institutional norms and constraints, it is difficult to participate in and discuss state affairs normally.

The first is to form an effective working mechanism. We should learn from other regions, other democratic parties and federations of industry and commerce, solicit opinions and suggestions from members of organizations at the same level, and form an effective mechanism for brewing, researching, writing and submitting topics that everyone can abide by.

For a long time, Chongqing Municipal Committee of Jiu San Society has been suffering from the lack of good and in-depth research materials to participate in bimonthly symposiums and small-scale heart-to-heart talks of the Municipal Committee. Often in a hurry, several directors use their brains. The level of the director and the mayor is different, because the way of thinking is not at the same level as the information they have. In order to solve this problem, this year, the Chongqing Municipal Committee of Jiu San Society tried out the responsibility system of the Standing Committee of key projects. Every member of the Standing Committee will declare a topic on his own in his familiar field, so that all kinds of information are available and can be used when it is taken out. You don't need social conditions and public opinion to be a proposal.

Make plans. You can't do anything blindly, you must have a certain plan. At the beginning of each year, each branch should report the annual plan for participating in and discussing state affairs, hold a special meeting, study the research tasks to be completed in one year, and determine the time, theme and writer. At the same time, we should pay attention to scientific planning, carefully study the newly promulgated policies and regulations of the state, city and district, focus on the annual key work, central work, major projects, people's rights and people's livelihood, and pay attention to all kinds of information related to these work at any time. We should also pay attention to the relationship between quantity and quality when making plans. Not only must there be a certain number, but more importantly, there must be high-quality achievements in participating in and discussing state affairs, and strive to produce fine products.

This year is an important year for our city to fully realize the objectives of the 11th Five-Year Plan and formulate the 12th Five-Year Plan. * * * The spirit of the Seventh Session of the Third Session of Chongqing Municipal Committee and the general ideas, objectives, tasks and policy measures established by the meeting to protect and improve people's livelihood in our city at present and in the future, starting with assisting the party and the government to solve the "Top Ten People's Livelihood Problems", building a new area of Liangjiang, deeply implementing the strategy of developing the western region, accelerating the transformation of economic development mode, reforming the income distribution system, accelerating independent innovation, developing strategic emerging industries, etc., make a good plan.

Second, we must form a competitive incentive mechanism. It is necessary to formulate specific reward and punishment measures suitable for the party, reward the advanced and encourage the backward, and form a strong atmosphere of participating in and discussing state affairs within the party, so that every member has pressure and a sense of mission.

On democratic supervision

The democratic supervision function of the participating parties is an important part of the social supervision system, and it is an important supplement to the legal supervision of the National People's Congress, the administrative supervision of the procuratorial organs and the public opinion supervision of the news media. As for the ability of democratic supervision, I have already talked about it. At present, it is mainly realized in the form of participating in politics. Let's talk about the restrictive factors that affect the role of democratic supervision:

First, the understanding of the importance of democratic supervision is not in place, and some leading cadres lack sufficient understanding of the criticisms and suggestions put forward by democratic parties in the process of democratic supervision, and only stay in words and fail to implement them in action, resulting in little effect of democratic supervision;

Second, democratic supervision has no rules to follow, lacks a certain restraint mechanism and is arbitrary;

Third, democratic supervision says more and does less, and the scope of supervision needs to be further broadened.

To solve this problem, China and the democratic parties need to work together.

As far as * * * is concerned,

First, further strengthen the propaganda of public opinion on the supervision of democratic parties, and extensively create a social atmosphere of democratic supervision;

Second, it is necessary to establish and improve the contents, forms and related systems of democratic supervision of participating parties, so that the democratic supervision function of participating parties can be carried out continuously and orderly;

Third, further broaden the field of democratic supervision and standardize the democratic supervision and evaluation mechanism.

As for the democratic parties,

First, we must have the spirit of reform. In the spirit of reform, we should innovate our thinking, emancipate our minds, keep pace with the times, proceed from the process of promoting the construction of socialist democratic politics, combine daring to supervise with being good at supervising, constantly explore effective forms of democratic supervision such as proposals and bills, further improve the democratic supervision mechanism, increase the intensity of democratic supervision, and continuously enhance the effectiveness of democratic supervision.

The second is to straighten the position. The democratic supervision of CPPCC must be conscientious and cannot exceed its authority. Strengthen the concept of "supervision is support", including supervision in support services. Instead of criticizing or pointing fingers at the work of the supervised unit, we should actively offer suggestions and suggestions, make use of the political advantages of CPPCC, reach the central government, expel the party and government, communicate with all sectors of society, create an environment for the work of the department, enhance its visibility, promote the department to better perform its duties for the people, and promote two-way communication between CPPCC and the supervised unit.

The third is to realize three combinations:

First, adhere to the organic combination of democratic supervision, legal supervision and administrative supervision of CPPCC. Strengthen contact with people's congresses, discipline inspection commissions, supervision departments and judicial departments, actively cooperate with professional ethics appraisal, and deepen the effect of democratic supervision.

Second, adhere to the organic combination of democratic supervision and news supervision by public opinion, let the public know more about democratic supervision, let the supervised units adopt and implement the opinions and suggestions of the parties, and put them under the supervision of the public to promote the implementation of opinions and suggestions.

The third is to combine improving the effectiveness of democratic supervision with performing functions. Through democratic supervision, the work of collecting and reflecting social conditions and public opinion should be combined to promote the solution of problems.