First, the basic situation of Nong 'an community
In the late 1990s, with the demolition of Liuyang River levee, Mawangdui Street opened the prelude to the reconstruction of villages in cities. After more than ten years of demolition and resettlement, it was changed from Mawangdui Township to Mawangdui Street. Now there are two administrative villages in the street, 1 community preparation group and three communities. Each village and community has 36 Nong 'an communities with a total construction area of about 1 799. Most of the early resettlement houses were multi-storey houses. Last year, the high-rise resettlement house in Xinqiao Village was completed, leading the resettlement of villagers in our district into a high-rise era.
Second, the current situation and problems of property management in Nong 'an residential area
In the past, there was no supporting property management organization in Nong 'an Community to provide services for them. In recent years, with the government paying more and more attention to the physical work of Nong 'an community, the rural community taking Mawangdui community as an example has basically adopted a large property management mode of street leadership, community implementation, residents' participation, unit sponsorship, government incentives and street subsidies. In the process of demolition and resettlement community construction, although the government functional departments have done a lot of work in community management, the newly-built Nong 'an community has basically met the requirements of reasonable layout and consistent style, and the infrastructure such as water and electricity pipe network and road network has been gradually improved, but at present, the management fees of large-scale property management in the community are mostly paid by the government, and there is no self-made management organization and long-term management system, which leads to the property management of Nong 'an community becoming a low-lying area of urban management in our street, causing four difficulties and other problems.
1, it is difficult to increase the property fee. At present, there is no uniform standard for the payment of property management fees in Nong 'an residential area in the whole region, and there is no corresponding property management regulations and methods. The charging standard is determined by each street according to the actual situation; On the other hand, the farmers' awareness of paid property management is weak. They have always believed that the government should take care of their houses as before without paying property fees. Therefore, there is great resistance to paying property fees. However, bearing the property management fee will become a heavy burden on the street. Moreover, the public facilities in resettlement communities are aging year by year, some resettlement communities are inherently deficient in planning, and the infrastructure such as greening, sanitation and electricity is generally imperfect. For example, in the renovation of water meters in Xinqiao Community and Xinqiao Home, in recent years, residents can't use water normally because of old water pipes, rust, cracks, water leakage and other reasons, and relocated households receive water privately. In order to ensure the residents' domestic water supply, it is necessary to install a 1.760 water meter in the renovation of the community, which costs more than 4 million yuan. However, residents are unwilling to contribute, so it is obviously unrealistic to invest money from the street.
2. Community management is difficult. As the main carrier of land-lost farmers' resettlement, Nong 'an community has changed from a rural area to a city, but its ideology is lagging behind and it is difficult to change for a while, and its civilization level has not yet reached a certain level. Therefore, uncivilized incidents such as littering, psoriasis, illegally raising chickens and ducks without permission, destroying public green spaces to grow vegetables, occupying roads to pile things up, occupying roads to operate, too many mobile vendors, and parking cars indiscriminately rarely occur. In addition, the community management system of Nong 'an community is not in place, some community neighborhood committees have been transformed from demolition village committees, and some village cadres have become community cadres. Although it is convenient to deal with the demolition people, after all, there is no professional knowledge of property management, and the awareness of sound property management system is not strong, which can not replace the management functions of property companies, leading to management loopholes. These bring great resistance to the creation of civilization, but also bring difficulties to the property management of residential areas.
It is difficult to maintain public order. The standard apartment allocation of 50 1.20 square meters is basically implemented in the demolition resettlement community, and the average area of the demolished rural houses is relatively large. Generally, a family of three can be assigned to multiple sets of resettlement houses according to preferential policies and prices, except for one set that lives by itself, most of them are rented out. This is also a feature of all rural security communities. Therefore, the rural security community has a large floating population, complicated personnel, inadequate community security and technical monitoring, and weak public security awareness among residents. Many strangers such as idle people and vehicles can enter the community at will, which brings hidden dangers to the public security work in the jurisdiction. For example, the resettlement communities in GuSeoul and Torch villages are high-risk places for three types of preventable cases.
4. It is difficult to improve the level. Because it is difficult to raise funds for property management fees, the management work has not achieved practical results, and the work is difficult to advance.
The community and the property management company put relatively little manpower and material resources into the management of Nong 'an community. In addition, residents' awareness of active cooperation is weak, and there is a gap between the level of property management and expectations, which makes it difficult to improve the level of property management and affect the image of the block.
Three. Countermeasures and suggestions on strengthening property management in Nong 'an residential area
Nongan community management is the basic unit of urban management. Strengthening the property management of Nong 'an residential area has a positive effect on improving the image of the residential area and the city grade. Improving the property management system and comprehensive coordinated management system of Nong 'an community in time is not only to create a good living environment for the residents of Nong 'an community, but also to give them extensive social recognition and more humanistic care. With the continuous expansion of street engineering construction and demolition and resettlement scale, it is urgent to gradually bring Nong 'an community into urban residential areas to standardize property management. Streets should aim at convenience, benefit the people, service and security, and strengthen the property management of rural residential areas.
1. Improve the system and unify policies. It is suggested that the higher authorities introduce demolition as soon as possible.
The unification of property management support policies and management methods in Nong 'an residential area is helpful to build a fair social situation. At the same time, the policy should clarify the contents and measures such as funding guarantee, departmental coordination, management follow-up, staffing, and organizational improvement. If a certain proportion can be reserved from the land transfer fee, special property management funds can be set up. Or rationally plan property management houses in the demolition and resettlement areas, and regard the rental income of some property management houses as an important source of income for property management funds. Or by optimizing the collective stock economic structure of the demolition village, we can expand the property management funds of Nong 'an community from the perspective of marketization. At the same time, each street can make appropriate adjustments under the policy framework according to the system, policies and management measures formulated by the superior, combined with its own reality, and formulate property management measures suitable for the rural security community of this street.
2, ideological guidance, enhance awareness. Government departments are investing a lot of money to improve the hard environment for resettlement communities, and at the same time, they are also improving the soft environment for management services. In resettlement communities, we should increase the publicity of property management laws and regulations, study countermeasures, strengthen measures, enhance residents' understanding of the necessity of property management, guide residents to support property management, actively participate in community self-management, take the initiative to pay property management fees, strive to cultivate and enhance residents' awareness of public morality, law, contract, environment and civilization, and consciously form the awareness of strictly fulfilling property contracts.
3. Standardize the mode and improve the level. Gradually guide the market-oriented operation of property management in resettlement communities under construction, guide resettlement communities to set up owners' committees in accordance with laws, regulations and procedures, give play to the autonomous role of owners' committees, and actively participate in the supervision, guidance and daily coordination of resettlement community management services. In the resettlement area, property management bidding will be fully implemented, open, fair and just competition will be implemented, and a number of high-level property service enterprises will be introduced and cultivated. For some resettlement communities that do not have market-oriented property management conditions for the time being, street and community property service centers will provide basic quasi-property management services according to the service standards of large property management, and gradually transition to market-oriented management. Or in resettlement communities that do not have market-oriented operation and management services, streets and communities absorb land-lost farmers and original village staff, set up property service enterprises through training, implement unified management, and continuously improve the property management level of resettlement communities.
The second part: Investigation report on residential area planning. The topic of this design is the planning and design of Shangzhuyuan resettlement community in Xiuning, which belongs to residential area planning and design. In order to complete this project, we have to know the planning and design methods of other residential areas in order to extract the essence and create excellent design works. Therefore, I visited and studied some residential planning communities and resettlement communities, and summarized the following experiences.
I. Purpose of the investigation
1. Understand the layout planning of residential buildings, study the characteristics, composition, functional requirements and interrelationships of various components of residential buildings, understand the design principles and use requirements of office buildings, divide the functional divisions and interrelationships of the whole office, analyze the characteristics and layout methods of various components, and clearly analyze the layout of structures and loads.
2. In this paper, farmers' resettlement communities and landless farmers are studied from different angles to understand their existing problems and the characteristics of landless farmers, grasp the research progress of planning and design of farmers' resettlement communities, and analyze their shortcomings, in order to put forward reasonable solutions to the problems existing in the outdoor environment research of resettlement communities in this graduation design.
Second, the research content
1. Basic requirements for planning and design of residential areas
(1) Usage requirements: residential type, reasonable public construction supporting projects and layout, outdoor activity venue, green space and internal and external traffic of residents, etc.
(2) Hygienic requirements: there should be good sunshine and ventilation to prevent noise and air pollution.
(3) Safety requirements: In order to prevent disasters or reduce the degree of harm, necessary arrangements should be made for fire prevention, anti-seismic structure, safe spacing, safe evacuation passages and places, and underground civil air defense structures. Comply with relevant regulations. According to the provisions of the fire spacing, when the gables of two buildings are opposite and there are no doors and windows, the spacing should not be less than 3.5m When the buildings are arranged along the street, the spacing of fire exits to the outside should not be more than 80m. When the building length exceeds 160m, a fire lane with a clear width of not less than 4m shall be set. (4) Economic requirements: Use planning and layout technology and design technology to reduce the construction cost of residential areas and save urban land. (5) Construction requirements: Planning and design should be conducive to the organization and operation of construction.
(6) Aesthetic requirements: A beautiful living environment depends on the design of houses and public buildings, the combination of building groups, the combination of building groups and the environment, and should reflect a lively, prosperous, clear, generous, neat and beautiful face.
2. Choice of housing type
(1) Determine the housing standard according to the living object. (2) Meet the requirements of household-room ratio. (3) Determine the height and number of floors of residential buildings.
(4) Adapt to local natural climatic conditions and residents' living habits.
(5) It is conducive to saving land and combining with the terrain. (6) Meet the requirements of urban architecture. 3. Planning and layout of roads in residential areas
The roads in residential areas can be divided into four levels: residential areas, residential areas, group roads and residential areas. The road width should meet the following requirements: the width of the red line of the road in the residential area should not be less than 20m；; The paving width of roads in residential areas is 6-9m, and the width between building control lines should not be less than14m when heating pipes need to be laid; For those without heating pipes. The paving width of group roads is 3-5m, the width between building control lines should not be less than 10m, and the width of non-heating pipes should not be less than 8m. The paving width of roads between houses should not be less than 2.5m. The longitudinal slopes of roads in residential areas shall conform to the corresponding regulations. The road setting in residential areas shall meet the following requirements:
The main road must have at least two entrances and exits; The main roads in residential areas should be connected with peripheral roads in at least two directions; The distance between the entrances and exits of motor vehicles should not be less than 150m. When the length of the building along the street exceeds 150m, a fire truck passage of not less than 4m shall be set. The spacing between pedestrian exits should not exceed 80 meters. When the building length exceeds 80m, a pedestrian passage should be set on the ground floor.
Third, community field research.
1. Angao City World
(1) position
Anguo City World is close to the cooperative South China Road and Wangjiang West Road, which is the "golden central ring". Just a stone's throw away from the elevated Jinzhai Road, you can easily enjoy the advantage of convenient transportation in the city center. It is located in the center of the new old city, in the hinterland of the academic hall, about two kilometers away from the new administrative and cultural area, and only 100 meters away from China University of Science and Technology. There are also many institutions of higher learning in the area, such as Anhui University, Hefei College, and the Artillery Academy of the People's Liberation Army, with superior geographical location and strong cultural atmosphere. Angao City covers an area of 170 mu, with a planned construction area of 400,000 square meters, a green space rate of 40%, and a parking space ratio of 1: 1.
(2) Design concept
Angao City World takes the beautiful scenery and long-standing human landscape in Aegean region as the main line, and combines the theme of regional courtyard structure and hydrophilic characteristics, emphasizing the enjoyment of landscape and the implantation of culture, adding a strong landscape foundation and aesthetic feeling. Angao City Tiandi has built a hydrophilic community full of cultural atmosphere with its liquid and rhythmic lakeside and diversified architectural styles.
Angao city world includes multi-storey landscape houses, boutique small high-rise, landscape high-rise, senior apartments and other residential property forms.
All residential units are arranged in the north-south direction, with humanized design and hydrophilic balcony, so that every household can enjoy the scenery.
(3) Huxing
(4) Residential areas do not need to meet people's basic living needs, but also need certain supporting facilities and greening requirements to create a living place with a certain quality of life for residents.
In terms of supporting facilities, Anguo City World has planned a number of landmark building clusters around the community, such as 800m style commercial street, Wal-Mart international shopping plaza, world-class office building and Howard Johnson senior business hotel in the United States, to provide protection and convenient services for residents' lives.
A good living environment needs a good architectural form and landscape environment. The architecture of Angao City Tiandi is beautiful in shape, elegant in color, rich in landscape sketches and poetic. It has created an elegant living environment for people and improved the quality of life to a certain extent.
2. China Resources Happiness Lane
Building 19 planned by China Resources Happiness Lane, in which 1#2#3#5#6# is a five-story garden house and 7 # 8 # 9 #10 #1#12.
(1) position
China Resources Happiness Lane is located at the intersection of Wangjiang West Road and Hezuohua Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, with a total land area of about 65,438+10,000 m2 and a total construction area of about 280,000 m2 (excluding underground construction area). It is used for business, office and residence, with a total investment of about HK$ 654.38+0.6 billion.
China Resources Happiness is located in the depths of prosperity. The whole residential area is about 200 meters away from the urban area. It is about 1 km away from Sanlian and Nanqi, the two major commercial sub-centers of the city, and close to China University of Science and Technology, Anhui University and other universities. Wulidun Overpass, Jinzhai Road Viaduct, Hezuo Road, Wangjiang Road, Huangshan Road and other three-dimensional road traffic systems, and commercial facilities such as Guogou Square, Xihuan Central Square, Nanqi Commercial Building, Wal-Mart and Tesco are all around the community.
(2) the concept of apartment type
China Resources Happiness products are diverse, covering multi-storey houses, small high-rise buildings and high-rise buildings. The main apartment is 80-140m2, with a small number of small-sized hardcover apartments and a large area of urban garden houses. We strive to create a spiritual home for urbanites in the depths of prosperity.
(3) Building and greening environment
Highlighting ecological quality and improving cultural taste are advocated and pursued by high-grade residential areas in the planning process. The architectural style in China Resources Happiness has a certain European charm, which developers use to enhance cultural charm and attract residents. In order to create a high-quality living environment, supporting facilities, especially environmental greening, are highlighted in the planning.
3. Resettlement Community in Beilun District, Ningbo City
Through the field investigation of some demolition and resettlement communities in Beilun District, it is found that the overall layout of the communities is relatively simple, and the architectural layout of most communities adopts the combination of determinant and peripheral style. Generally, the interior of the residential area is dominated by five-storey houses, and the buildings are arranged in a row. The exterior is dominated by small high-rise buildings and multi-storey commercial and residential buildings along the street, with a peripheral layout. Generally, there are 2-3 entrances and exits in the community, and the main roads in the community are designed to be unblocked, which restricts the passage of foreign vehicles. Motor vehicle parking
The above-ground decentralized parking and underground elevated parking are adopted. Due to the high cost of underground garage construction, this parking mode is rarely used in such communities.
The greening system of the community is divided into three parts: central green space, group green space and residential green space. Considering the investment cost and other factors, the builders of the community mainly plant turf and shrubs for public green spaces such as central green space and group green space, and occasionally set up a small number of pavilions, chairs and other leisure and entertainment facilities; For the green space between houses, it is mainly to plant grass. Because parking in the community occupies part of the green space in the house, the greening between houses is scattered and there is no system.
At present, the construction of public service facilities in demolition and resettlement communities is basically in the stage of meeting the basic needs of residents. Educational facilities are very important for improving residents' labor skills, cultural and recreational facilities for improving residents' quality, and medical facilities for ensuring living health.
Insufficient consideration, the needs of vulnerable groups such as the elderly and children are too busy to care. Demolition and resettlement communities are keen on the formal construction of public space in environmental design. Usually, the central green space is arranged in the center of the community and group population, and a small number of pavilions and seats are set up. However, there is no need to consider and design the supporting facilities of residential green space which has the highest utilization rate in daily life and can really strengthen neighborhood communication. At most, a small amount of turf is planted along the corner of the building.
Fourth, summary:
1. Architectural design of single residence
In architectural design, we should not only conform to the rhythm of modern work, but also make the living environment bring comfort to people and reflect the humanization of residential buildings. Building plan, standard plan, top floor plan, main elevation plan, section plan and other building drawings shall meet the requirements of relevant specifications, and the building scheme shall be selected according to the actual situation, taking into account the requirements of practicality, beauty and office use.
2. Planning and design of residential buildings
The planning of residential buildings should be considered from a macro perspective, and efforts should be made to create a quiet, comfortable and comfortable living environment. First of all, there must be a suitable road network, and the functions of the main roads, group roads and trails between houses are clear. The background of the building should meet all the indicators.
3. Research experience
In recent years, with the continuous development of new urban areas, a large number of urban houses have sprung up, constantly improving people's living conditions. The planning and design of residential area is a complex process, which needs the cooperation of planning, planning, engineering and management. The above are some studies on the design of residential areas. If our living environment is to reach a more ideal, comfortable and beautiful state, our architects should have innovative design concepts, explore hard, innovate and improve constantly.
Resettlement housing construction is an important part of urban construction, and it is also a big issue related to people's livelihood and promoting social harmony. The design of resettlement houses in the central city should focus on creating a livable environment and improving the quality of life. Government departments should gather more and more advantageous resources to conduct in-depth special research on the construction of resettlement houses in urban central areas. Designers should face up to their responsibilities, strive to practice "design changes life" from the ideological and technical level, and help more urban relocated households realize their livable dream of "new house, new environment and new life".